The document summarizes the key aspects of the migrant crisis in Europe, including:
1) Millions of migrants and refugees have fled to Europe in recent years from conflicts in Syria, Afghanistan and elsewhere, overwhelming some EU systems.
2) The crisis has had economic, political and social impacts on European countries as they struggle to process asylum applications and integrate migrants.
3) The EU has tried to respond through search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean, relocating asylum seekers between countries, and establishing centers to process claims. However, these efforts have faced challenges in implementation.
4) Cooperation with transit countries like Turkey has been key but challenging, involving funds and negotiations to manage migration flows.
International cooperation and development: a conceptual overviewIra Tobing
Any credible claim to implement an agenda for global development – such as currently discussed in the post-2015 process – will require integrating the broader framework of
international cooperation into this effort. A wide, but vague consensus that global framework conditions matter for development has already existed in past development debates. However, good resolutions such as MDG 8 for a global partnership have shown insufficient progress in practice. This paper reviews key aspects of the relationship between international cooperation and development at a conceptual level. Drawing on a distinction between domestic and global public goods as enablers and goals of development, the paper first illustrates the role of international cooperation and its interdependence with domestic action. The framework identifies contact points in the relationship between global and domestic action and goals with the categories of provision, support, access and preservation. The second part of the paper reviews key concepts of patterns of international cooperation that represent the elements of the global governance framework to which a broadening development agenda needs to link up more strongly. Overall, the conceptual review underlines that the question of how international cooperation works has moved to the centre of development studies. Yet, an even bigger challenge than achieving cooperation in the first place might be to steer the complex architecture and processes of international cooperation towards contributing to a global agenda for development.
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relations
Geneva Centre for Security Policy, European Training Course in Security Policy
Dr. Damien Helly
Policy Officer, ECDPM
19 March 2014
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
The English school of International Relations ibrahimkoncak
This presentation is about the English School of International Relations Theory, presented in class as lecture to the BA students of International Relations.
The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. Yemenis have suffered tremendous hardships from air bombardments, rocket attacks, and economic blockades. According to the U.N., approximately 4,000 civilians have been killed, the majority in Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. All parties to the conflict stand accused of war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas .
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
International cooperation and development: a conceptual overviewIra Tobing
Any credible claim to implement an agenda for global development – such as currently discussed in the post-2015 process – will require integrating the broader framework of
international cooperation into this effort. A wide, but vague consensus that global framework conditions matter for development has already existed in past development debates. However, good resolutions such as MDG 8 for a global partnership have shown insufficient progress in practice. This paper reviews key aspects of the relationship between international cooperation and development at a conceptual level. Drawing on a distinction between domestic and global public goods as enablers and goals of development, the paper first illustrates the role of international cooperation and its interdependence with domestic action. The framework identifies contact points in the relationship between global and domestic action and goals with the categories of provision, support, access and preservation. The second part of the paper reviews key concepts of patterns of international cooperation that represent the elements of the global governance framework to which a broadening development agenda needs to link up more strongly. Overall, the conceptual review underlines that the question of how international cooperation works has moved to the centre of development studies. Yet, an even bigger challenge than achieving cooperation in the first place might be to steer the complex architecture and processes of international cooperation towards contributing to a global agenda for development.
African perspectives on Africa-Europe relations
Geneva Centre for Security Policy, European Training Course in Security Policy
Dr. Damien Helly
Policy Officer, ECDPM
19 March 2014
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
The English school of International Relations ibrahimkoncak
This presentation is about the English School of International Relations Theory, presented in class as lecture to the BA students of International Relations.
The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. Yemenis have suffered tremendous hardships from air bombardments, rocket attacks, and economic blockades. According to the U.N., approximately 4,000 civilians have been killed, the majority in Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. All parties to the conflict stand accused of war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas .
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
The European Union and the migration flowsDenis Burel
Work done by Claire Jarreau and Elisa Masson - Lycée Amiral Ronarc'h, BREST, FRANCE.
Erasmus+ Project: Invasions and migrations: heritages, future opportunities
Since the beginning of the war in Syria, massive numbers of Syrian citizens
have fled their homeland to escape death and secure a better life for themselves and
their children overseas. The Syrian refugees have sought asylum in many countries,
although Europe was their main destination. These vulnerable families crossed rivers,
mountains and plains and faced every danger imaginable to reach Europe; many died
along the way. Heading toward the unknown, the refugees had little to no expectation of what they were going to face where they were heading. But for them, going
back is not an option. On the other side of the equation, the European countries were
also under substantial pressures to receive and deal with the refugees. The European
countries’ reaction and response to the refugee movement varied significantly, with
some countries, such as Germany, welcoming and receiving large numbers of Syrian
refugees, and others, such as France, the Czech Republic and the UK, being more
reluctant to openly welcome them. In this article, the European states’ approach to
dealing with the Syrian refugee crisis and the challenges they currently face will be
discussed and explained in light of the events on the ground. This article deals with the
issue of the relationship between the Syrian refugees and the European countries in
terms of the efforts that Europe has made to help these refugees, as well as the impact
that the refugees have had or will have on various aspects of life in Europe.
Taller sobre la integración en España, impartido por Remedios Orellana, profesora de Lengua y Literatura del IES Mercedes Labrador.
Proyecto I CHANGE Erasmus+
Francia 2017
Slides from the launch of the Social Atlas of Europe by Dimitris Ballas, Danny Dorling and Benjamin Hennig at the Royal Geographical Society, London, 27 August 2014
La be project how to overcome stereotypes - background research spainLampedusaBerlinProject
“Lampedusa Berlin, Travel Journal”, Europe for Citizens Program, Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation 2.3: Civil Society Projects
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Second Event data Collection
“How to overcome the stereotips about migrants?”
Background research - Spain
Ministerial lunch: Migration and health in the WHO European Region - presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab – WHO Regional Director for Europe, on 14 September 2015, at the 65th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe (Vilnius, Lithuania, 14–17 September 2015)
4. GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
- the number of forcibly
displaced people
worldwide
Million
refugees
Million
asylum-seekers
Million Syrian refugees
in 2014 - the largest
refugee group
Million Afghan refugees
were the largest refugee
group for 3 decades
5. THE REALITY
The phrases "European migrant crisis" and "European refugee crisis"
became widely used in April 2015, when five boats carrying almost
2,000 migrants to Europe sank in the Mediterranean Sea, with a
combined death toll estimated at more than 1,200 people.
6. MIGRANT & REFUGEES
DEFINITIONS
An asylum seeker is defined as a person fleeing persecution
or conflict, and therefore seeking international protection
under the 1951 Refugee Convention on the Status of
Refugees
A refugee is an asylum seeker whose claim has been
approved
The UN considers migrants fleeing war or persecution to be
refugees, even before they officially receive asylum
A mixed-migration phenomenon
7. COMMON EUROPEAN ASYLUM
SYSTEM
Asylum seekers apply
through Asylum
Procedures
Asylum applicants
receive material
reception conditions
Applicant’s
fingerprints are
taken and sent to a
Eurodac
Interviewed by a
caseworker to determine
whether he/she may
qualify for refugee status
or subsidiary protection
If asylum is not granted
to the applicant at first
instance, this refusal
may be appealed in
court
If the court confirm this
decision, the applicant
may be returned to
his/her country of origin
or transit
If refugee status is granted,
people can access to a
residence permit
Overturning of
the negative first
instance decision
by the court
8. DUBLIN REGULATIONS
Asylum seekers must remain in the first European
country they enter and that country is solely responsible
for examining migrants' asylum applications
Migrants who travel to other EU states face deportation
back to the EU country they originally entered
Reformation of the Dublin Regulation
10. THE SITUATION
How many migrants are going to the EU?
Where do they come from?
How do they get to the EU?
What are their destinations?
11. HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE
GOING TO EUROPE
people have been reaching
Europe by sea since the
start of 2016
people reached Europe by
sea and land in 2015
12. HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE
GOING TO EUROPE
new asylum applications in
Germany in 2015
people claimed asylum in 2015
applications in 2015 in Hungary
applications in 2015 in Sweden
13. HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE
GOING TO EUROPE
Asylum applications per 100,000 local population in 2015
SWEDEN: more than 1,575 refugees/100,000 residents
HUNGARY: 1,508 refugees/100,000 residents
GERMANY: 520 refugees/100,000 residents
UK: 42 refugees/100,000 residents
14. WHERE DO THE MIGRANTS
COME FROM
56%
adult
men17%
women
27%
children
18. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Migrants lead to increases in social
sector spending: Host countries must
house and educate refugees until they
become productive members of the
local economy
€8,000
per application
for first year
Refugees increase aggregate demand:
New migrants represent potential
markets for new services leading to: In
real income and GDP for their host
countries as native workers and
professional migrate to new forms and
types of work
Europe Economy
in 2016 - 2017
19. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Migrants alter the local labour market: Skilled refugees may
compete with local workers for jobs, which may result in a
temporary increase in unemployment numbers
By the end of 2016
EEA labour
force
Germany
labour force
The labour market of host countries may become flexible with migrant
workers taking jobs that locals shun
Asylum seekers can only enter the labor force if they gain refugees
status (from 3 months – a few years)
20. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
The influx from Cuba into
the U.S. in the 1960s -
Combination of highly
skilled & low skilled
migrants was a good source
for growth
Sweden lets in 25
times as many
immigrants as the U.S
does—and economy is
in excellent shape
In both optimistic &
pessimistic scenarios there
is a positive increase in
projected income of
Germany in the long run
21. POLITICAL IMPACTS
Disintegration of the travel-free Schengen Agreement
• Several EU members temporarily re-established
border checks in an effort to contain the influx of
asylum seekers
• The establishment of internal border controls is
exactly the opposite of the Schengen Area’s raison
d’être. Creating tension between the member states
and affecting Trade as it delays the movement of
goods
22. POLITICAL IMPACTS
The German power/ EU division: by responding to the
refugee crisis independently, Germany has shown the way to
purely national responses by others
This can turn into a downward spiral: an integrated EU
response is made more difficult as a result of go-it-alone
policies
The resulting absence of a convincing EU response will
lead Germany and others to further act on their own
initiative, thus fuelling souverainiste forces overall
The systematic practice of souverainisme by each member state is not
conducive to the emergence of the EU as a single strategic actor
23. POLITICAL IMPACTS
Advantage for the UK exit debate: the migration crisis
strengthens the UK's negotiating and increase the risk of
positive vote for the Brexit
Turkey holding the key power and this could be in its
favour: Turkey has the ability to promt further
emigration towards the EU, which gives Turkey
negotiation power
Changes in the European priorities in the Middle East:
avoiding large scale of refugee flows; eliminating ISIS;
providing the non-jihadi component of the Syrian
rebellion with the ability to resist Russian and Iranian
operations in support of Assad, while seeking his removal
by political means
24. SOCIAL IMPACTS
Reduction in the social welfare budget/ benefits:
Asylum seekers only have the ability to earn money
by way of social welfare, therefore it could reduce
the basic state services to citizens of the host
countries
Idleness and porverty within a refugee camp may cause
an excalation of security and social problems such as
crimes, prostitution and alcoholism
Different ethnicity, failures in communication and
understanding caused by language and culture can
form serious barriers with the local population and
create conflicts.
26. SAVING LIVES & SECURING
TRIPLED the budget for
Frontex to reinforce its
joint operations Triton and
Poseidon in order to save
lives
EU ACTION PLAN
against migrant smuggling
(2015 – 2020)
EU NAVAL OPERATION
against human smugglers
and traffickers - EUNAVFOR
Med
lives have been rescued in
the Central Mediterranean
since June 2015
arriving during the month
of August 2015, the same
as 2014
27. RELOCATION & ASSISTANCE
Made a commitment to
relocate 160,000 people
from Greece, Italy and the
most affected members
HOTSPOT APPROACH
in Italy and Greece to
identify, register and
fingerprint migrants &
refugees
people have been relocated until
13 January 2016
Till the end of 2015, only 1/5
hotspot in Greece (Lesvos) & 2/6
hotspots in Italy (Lampedusa and
Trapani) are operational
€1.3 million
To cover new staff for
2015
€700 million
Emergency Funding
(2015: €100 million
2016: €600 million)
28. SUPPORT THIRD COUNTRIES
Made a commitment to
RESETTLING 22,504
displaced persons till the
end of 2017
had been effectively resettled
until 13 January 2016
0
100
200
300
400
500
EU
Budget
Member
State
Extra support of
€500m €442.74m
Shortfall
€57.26m
Funds for
Humanitarian Aid
0
100
200
300
400
500
EU
Budget
Member
State
Extra support of
€500m €434.48m
Shortfall
€465.52m
EU Trust Fund for the
Syrian crisis
0
100
200
300
400
500
EU
Budget
Member
State
Initial Capital
Contribution
€1800m €81.27m
Shortfall
€1718.73m
Emergency Trust Fund
for Africa
29. COOPERATING WITH THIRD
COUNTRIES
Meeting on the
Western Balkans
Migration Route
Providing temporary shelter, food,
healthcare, water and sanitation
Managing the migration flows
together by sharing information
about flows and avoiding taking
unilateral decisions
Strengthening border
management by bilateral border-
related confidence-building
measures
30. COOPERATING WITH THIRD
COUNTRIES
EU – Turkey
Action Plan
Offer temporary
protection to Syrian
refugees
Strengthen
cooperation with the
EU & implement a
series of repressive
measures against
irregular migration
Mobilize funds in
the most flexible
and rapid way
Consider the visa
liberalisation
dialogue with Turkey
31. FURTHER REGULATION
PROPOSALS
Establish a European Border and Coast Guard –
reinforcing the mandate of Frontex
Legal migration package including revision of Blue
Card
A long-term, EU-wide system of resettlement and
relocation
A credible and effective return policy
33. SUGGESTIONS
Reinforce the resettlement and relocation systems
Considering private sponsorship
Improve the living conditions at refugee centers in Turkey
and Europe
Create new system that allows asylum-seekers to register
requests from their home countries or states adjoining the
EU
Open legal channels for economic migrants seeking work in
the EU, both high and low qualified employees
