This document discusses different types of distance relays used for transmission line protection. It describes impedance, reactance, and admittance relays. An impedance relay operates based on the ratio of voltage to current, with a torque proportional to current and restraining torque proportional to voltage. During a fault, the impedance ratio decreases and trips the circuit breaker if it falls below a predetermined value.

1. DISTANCE
RELAY

2. ISTANCE RELAYS
PERATION-depend on the
agnitude of the current or
ltage of the circuit .
tio of the voltage and
rrent (expressed in terms of
impedance)
lled ratio or impedance relay

3. TYPES OF DISTANCE RELAYS
• IMPEDANCE RELAY
• REACTANCE RELAY
• ADMITTANCE RELAY

4. . IMPEDANCE RELAY(BASIC
OPERATION)

5. MPEDANCE RELAY
lements in relay-
1.torque proportional to current-operating torque+
2. torque proportional to voltage-restraining torque
rrent element is energized by CT
ltage element is energized by PT
ring fault – voltage drop while current increases . Ratio V/I –I increases impedance- reduces(ZL).
pedance reduce then its predetermined value ,it trip and makes the circuit breaker open.

6. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
• Fault is nearer to relay , this ratio will be low and as fault position moves away from the relay the ratio
becomes higher and higher
• Effect of spring, non directional ,arc resistance of line fault affect the performance of relay

7. SE OF IMPEDANCE RELAY FOR
RANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION
Voltage coil of the
elay is fed from
T while its
urrent coil is fed
rom CT.
Non directional
AC

8. SE OF IMPEDANCE RELAY FOR
RANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION

9. . REACTANCE RELAY

10. REACTANCE RELAY
Operating torque is obtain by current and restraining torque due to a current-
voltage directional relay
Structure-induction cup type
Operating torque -interaction of fluxes produced by 1,2 and 3- proportional to
square of the current.
restraining torque -interaction of fluxes produced by 1,3 and 4-proportional to
product of v and I.
Desired maximum torque angle is obtain with the help of RC circuit.

11. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

12. . ADMITTANCE RELAY

13. ADMITTANCE RELAY
Induction cup type structure
Operating torque -1,2 and 3-proportional to product of voltage and
current
Restraining torque -1,3 and 4-proportional to square of the voltage
Torque angle is adjusted using series tuning circuit .

14. ngle can be adjusted
450 is used for high
ltage(33 to 11 kv)
600 is used for 66 to 132kv
750 is used for 275 to
0kv