Switchgear and protection systems play a vital role in modern power systems. Switchgear includes all switching devices associated with power system protection, control, metering and regulation. The main switching device is the circuit breaker. Circuit breakers can interrupt faults such as single line-to-ground faults, line-to-line faults, double line-to-ground faults, open circuit faults, and three phase faults. Circuit breakers use arc interruption to break current flow during opening of contacts. Common types of circuit breakers include oil, air, SF6, and vacuum circuit breakers. Switchgear equipment like fuses, circuit breakers, isolators, earthing switches, and current/potential transformers serve protection, control

1. Switchgear And
Protection

2. Electrical Switchgear
Definition of Switchgear
A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term
which includes all the switching devices associated
with mainly power system protection. It also includes
all devices associated with control, metering and
regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such
devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is
very basic definition of switchgear.

3. SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION
Switchgear protection plays a vital role in modern power
system network, right from generation through
transmission to distribution end. The current interruption
device or switching device is called circuit breaker in
Switchgear protection system.

4. Type of faults
 Single line to ground fault
 Line to line fault
 Double line to ground fault
 Open circuit fault
 Three phase fault

5. Substation

6. Arc in Circuit Breaker
What is arc ?
 During opening of current carrying contacts
in a circuit breaker the medium in between
opening contacts become highly ionized
through which the interrupting current gets
low resistive path and continues to flow
through this path even the contacts are
physically separated. During the flowing of
current from one contact to other the path
becomes so heated that it glows. This is
called arc.

7. Electrical Circuit Breaker
 Definition of Circuit Breaker : -
Electrical Circuit Breaker is a switching device which can be
operated manually as well as automatically for controlling and
protection of electrical power system respectively. As the modern power
system deals with huge currents, the spacial attention should be given
during designing of circuit breaker to safe interruption of arc produced
during the operation of circuit breaker. This was the basic definition of
circuit breaker.
 Types of Circuit Breaker
1) Oil Circuit Breaker
2) Air Circuit Breaker
3) SF6 Circuit Breaker
4) Vacuum Circuit Breaker

8. Types of oil circuit breakers
Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker or BOCB Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

9. Types of ACB
1) Plain air circuit breaker 2) Air blast Circuit Breaker.

10. Vacuum Circuit Breaker SF6 Circuit Breaker

11. Sr. No Switchgear Equipment Function
1. Fuse To Protect circuit against over current and short circuit currents.
2. Circuit breaker To make or break the circuit manually or remotely under normal
condition and automatically under fault condition.
3. Isolator To disconnect the part of the system for maintenance from live
circuit under no current condition.
4. Earthing Switch To discharge the voltage on the line ( due to charges of line
capacitance to earth) after disconnecting line from live section.
5. Light using arrester To divert high voltage surge towards the earth, due to lighting stroke
or switching surges.
6. Current transformer To stepping down the magnitude of current for measurement,
protection and control.
7. Potential transformer To stepping down the magnitude of line voltage for measurement,
protection and control.
8. Relay To disconnect the abnormally operating part so as to prevent the
subsequent faults eg. Overload protection of a machine protects the
machine and prevent insulation failure.

12. Created By
Vala Kamlesh