Microsoft power point ยีนและโครโมโซม
•
140 likes•35,925 views
1. The document discusses genes and chromosomes, including the chromosome theory of inheritance proposed by Walter Sutton. It describes the structure of DNA and RNA, as well as DNA replication, transcription, and translation. 2. Key experiments are summarized, such as those determining that DNA is the genetic material and the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. The genetic code and how mutations can occur are also covered. 3. Various genetic disorders are listed that result from mutations, including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. The document concludes with a brief discussion of polyploidy.
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
More from Thanyamon Chat.
More from Thanyamon Chat. (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Microsoft power point ยีนและโครโมโซม
- 1. (( Gene and Chromosome )) Gene and Chromosome By Thanyamon C. By Thanyamon C. 1
- 2. ‹ By Thanyamon C. 2
- 3. ‹ (Walter Sutton) š ‹ (chromosome (chromosome theory of inheritance) inheritance) ‹ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ŒBy Thanyamon C. 3
- 4. ‹ inheritance) (chromosome theory of inheritance) 2 2 ( ‹ ) ‹ ‹‹ Œ ‹ (meiosis) Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ Œ š ‹ ‹ ‹ By Thanyamon C. 4
- 5. ‹ (chromosome theory of inheritance) ( ‹ ) inheritance) ‹ š ‹ Œ ‹ š ‹ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹‹ By Thanyamon C. 5
- 6. Œ (F. Miescher) Œ (F. Miescher) ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ Œ ‹ ‹ N P š ‹ (nuclein nuclein) (nuclein) ‹ Œ š (nucleic acid) (nucleic acid) ‹ š By Thanyamon C. 6
- 7. Œ (‹) (R. Feulgen) Œ Feulgen) Œ DNA Œ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ DNA š ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ š Œ ‹ Œ By Thanyamon C. 7
- 8. Œ (‹) (F. Griffith) Œ Œ 2 By Thanyamon C. 8
- 9. Œ (‹) O.T.Avery, O.T.Avery, C. MacLeod and M. McCarty ‹ DNA DNase ‹ Œ By Thanyamon C. 9
- 10. Œ (‹) Œ Œ‹ Œ ‹ ‹‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ DNA DNA Œ 1. ‹ ‹ Œ 2. ‹ ‹ (gene) (gene) (gene) š ‹ DNA ‹ ( ‹ By Thanyamon C. ) 10
- 11. Chromosome (Types (Types of Chromosomes) By Thanyamon C. 11
- 12. Chromosome ‹ 2 (2n) (2n) (Diploid) (Diploid) Œ ‹ 1 ‹ 1 ‹ ‹ 1 Œ ‹ (Haploid) (Haploid) Œ By Thanyamon C. 12
- 13. ‹ Chromatin Gene By Thanyamon C. 13
- 14. By Thanyamon C. 14
- 15. Œ ‹ ‹ DNA : Protein = 1 : 2 Histone š Œ š ‹ ‹ Œ DNA š Œ Œ (neutralize) (neutralize) ‹ Œ DNA (DNA replication) Œ (genome) (genome) ‹ 1 ( š ‹ ) By Thanyamon C. 15
- 16. DNA DNA š š polymer Œ ‹ ‹ (monomer) ‹ (nucleotide) (nucleotide) By Thanyamon C. 16
- 17. Purine Pyrimidine Nucleotide Œ ‹ (PO43-) (PO (5 (5 C) (deoxyribose) deoxyribose) (nitrogenous base) 4 Œ ‹ Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine By Thanyamon C. 17
- 18. Nucleotide 5 4 1 3 2 By Thanyamon C. Deoxyribose sugar18
- 19. 5’ By Thanyamon C. 3’ 19
- 20. DNA Š (Erwin Chargaff) Œ (Erwin DNA ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ Œ ‹ ‹ 4 Œ ‹ ‹ (Chargaff Chargaff’ Š (Chargaff’s Rule) ‹ ‹ A Œ T ‹ ‹ G Œ C ‹ ‹ A:T C:G By Thanyamon C. 20
- 21. Œ DNA Rosalind Franklin M. H.F Wilkins Œ X-ray diffraction ‹ DNA Œ‹ Œ DNA Œ polynucleotide ‹ 1 š ‹ ‹ ‹ By Thanyamon C. 21
- 22. Œ DNA Watson and Crick Œ Œ DNA Œ polynucleotide 2 š ‹ (double (double helix) 5’ 3’ ‹ DNA š ‹ (complementary base (complementary pair) Œ (H-bond) (H A=T C≡G ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ By Thanyamon C. 22
- 23. ΠDNA Backbone By Thanyamon C. 23
- 24. 1. Œ Œ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ Œ 2. Œ ‹ Œ 3. Œ ŒŒ ‹ Œ š ‹ Œ ‚ ‹ ( Œ ) By Thanyamon C. 24
- 25. DNA DNA replication DNA polynucleotide 2 H-bond ‹ ‹ Œ Œ polynucleotide ‹ š ‹ Œ ‹ nucleotide ‹ Œ polynucleotide Œ Œ 1 ‹1 š (semiconservative) (semiconservative) semiconservative DNA ‹ By Thanyamon C. 5’→3’ 25
- 26. DNA replication 5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ By Thanyamon C. Okazaki fragment 26
- 27. DNA Œ ‹ ?? V. M. Ingrame Œ Œ š (sickle (sickle cell anemia) ‹ – – – – - - š sickle cell anemia – – – – - - By Thanyamon C. 27
- 28. DNA F. Jacob and J. Monod ‹ RNA š ‹ ‹ DNA DNA ‹ ‹ RER By Thanyamon C. 28
- 29. Transcription ( DNA) DNA) RNA DNA ‹ ( DNA ‹ š ‹ gene )‹ Œ mRNA (messenger RNA) ‹ ‹ Œ DNA ‹ Œ š By Thanyamon C. 29
- 30. 5’ 3’ By Thanyamon C. 30
- 31. RNA RNA š Polynucleotide (single (single strand) Œ monomer Ribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid 1 ‹ Œ 1. ‹ 2. (5C) (5C) 3. (Nitrogenous (Nitrogenous base) 4 Adenine(A) Uracine(U) Cytosine(C) Œ ‹ Adenine(A) Uracine(U) Cytosine(C) Guanine(G) Guanine(G) By Thanyamon C. 31
- 32. Nucleotide RNA By Thanyamon C. 32
- 33. tRNA (transfer RNA RNA) š RNA Anticodon Œ mRNA (messenger RNA) Œ š RNA Œ RNA Œ Œ DNA mRNA ‹ š ribosome ( Codon ) ‹ polypeptide rRNA (ribosomal RNA) š RNA š ‹ Œ š small subunit large subunitBy Thanyamon C. 33
- 34. (Genetic (Genetic code) 1 Gene 1 1 codon Œ 3 nucleotides 4 ‹ 43 = 64 1 (Codon Codon, (Codon, Gene) Œ 1 amino acid ‹ Œ 20 1 Œ ‹ 1 codon ‹ mRNA By Thanyamon C. 34
- 35. By Thanyamon C. 35
- 36. Stop codon Start codon By Thanyamon C. 36
- 37. Translation ( ) ‹ rRNA tRNA mRNA codon) (codon) ‹ mRNA Œ AUG Œ Methionine By Thanyamon C. 37
- 38. Translation ( )(‹) 1. Œ rRNA Œ mRNA 2. tRNA anticodon Œ ‹ codon mRNA 3. rRNA ‹ Œ rRNA 4. tRNA 2 anticodon codon mRNA 2 ‹ Œ Œ ‹ 5. 5’→3’ Œ Œ 4. Œ š polypeptide 6. stop codon mRNA Œ ‹ UAA UAG UGA ‹ tRNA Œ Œ Œ polypeptide ‹ tRNA Œ rRNA By Thanyamon C. mRNA38
- 39. Protein synthesis ( ) ‹ Œ š 2 DNA mRNA polypeptide Transcription Translation Transcription Translation Œ‹ mRNA DNA Transcription ‹ Œ Œ mRNA Œ Œ mRNA ‹ Polysome Polyribosome By Thanyamon C. 39
- 40. Polysome By Thanyamon C. 40
- 41. Œ š Œ ‹ collagen keratin š Œ ‹ actin myosin Œ , tubulin cilia flagella By Thanyamon C. 41
- 42. Œ (‹) Œ ‹ immunoglobulin( immunoglobulin( ),, ) systemin protenase inhibitor ( ) š Enzyme Œ ‹ š Hormone Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ By Thanyamon C. 42
- 43. Mutation ( ) gene DNA chromosome Œ ‚ Š ‹ ‹‹ ‹ Œ š Œ Mutagen ‹ Œ ‹ Carcinogen ‹ š mutagen By Thanyamon C. 43
- 44. (point (point mutation) 1. ‹ (Base-pair substitution) Base- substitution) Œ codon Œ ‹ Œ codon Œ( Œ Œ ‹ 1 ) By Thanyamon C. 44
- 45. (point mutation) ( ‹ ) 2. (insertion deletion) Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ Frameshift mutation By Thanyamon C. 45
- 46. ΠBy Thanyamon C. 46
- 47. (‹) ( ‹ ‹) ‹ homologous chromosome ‹ ‹ ‹ ‹ non- non-disjunction Non-disjunction Non-disjunction By Thanyamon C. 47
- 48. Acondoplas ia GAG → GUG Glutamic → Valine Thalassemia Sickle cell anemia Albinism By Thanyamon C. Hemophilia 48
- 49. Criduchat syndrome ‹ 5 Criduchat syndrome By Thanyamon C. 49
- 50. Down syndrome ‹ 21 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 50
- 51. Patau syndrome ‹ 13 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 51
- 52. Edwards syndrome ‹ 18 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 52
- 53. Turner syndrome X 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 53
- 54. XYY syndrome Y 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 54
- 55. XYY syndrome (superman) Y 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 55
- 56. Klinefelter syndrome X Œ ‹ XXY, XXXY, XXXXY By Thanyamon C. 56
- 57. Triple X syndrome X 1 ‹ By Thanyamon C. 57
- 58. Polyploid ‹ 2 ‹ ‹ non- non-disjunction ‹ ‹ polyploid Œ ‹ ‹ diploid polyploid ‹ ‹ 4n 6n 8n ‹ Œ polyploid ‹ 3n 5n š ‹ Œ ‹ ‹ ‹ By Thanyamon C. 58
- 59. The end By Thanyamon C. 59