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- 1. 13 35 5.
- 3.
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- 5. DNA JAMES D.WATSON FRANCIS H.C. CRICK DNA
- 6.
- 7. - Adenine A - Guanine G - Thymine T A - Cytosine CT , C G P
- 9. DNA DNA polynucleotide 2 TAGC Deoxyribose
- 10. 20 mRNA 4 ATC U 4 3 1 1
- 11. AUG mRNA UAA , UAG UGA
- 13. DNA replication DNA replication
- 14. DNA (DNA REPLICATION) S DNA(DNA REPLICATION) SEMI- CONSERVATIVE DNA RNA 3 DNA DNA
- 15.
- 16. DNA DNAtemplate DNA Gyrase DNA 2. Enzyme Helicase H- bond ATP SSB polynucleotide
- 17. DNA DNA Primase RNA Primer Leading strand DNA polymerase DNA nucleotide RNA primer A T C G
- 18. DNA 5. RNA Primer DNAPolymerase nucleotide Lagging Strand DNA Ligase ATP
- 19. Polynucleotide - Leading Strand ’ ’ - Lagging Strand RNA Primer ’ ’ Okazaki fragment” Polynucleotide ’ ’
- 20. Transcription DNA
- 21. RNA polymerase DNA RNA DNA 2
- 22.
- 23. RNA polymerase RNApolymerase DNA mRNA
- 24. Translation ( ) Translation mRNA polypeptide 1. 2. 3.
- 25. 1. mRNA tRNA AUG
- 26. 1.tRNA mRNA tRNA
- 27. UAA,UAG,UGA tRNA tRNA mRNA
- 29. • Gregor Mendel)
- 30. • • Chromosome)
- 31. • 2 (haploid cell)
- 32.
- 33. 2 2
- 35. - cytoplasm - cytoplasm - -
- 36.
- 37. - egg - cytoplasm cytoplasm
- 39.
- 40.
- 41.
- 42.
- 43. Cri-du-chat syndrome Cat-cry syndrome
- 44.
- 45. X Y Klinefelter’s syndrome X XXY
- 46.
- 47. Turner’s syndrome X XO
- 48.
- 49. 3.Triple X syndromeSuper Female X XXX • •
- 50. 4.Double Y syndromeSuperman Y XYY • • •
- 51.
- 52.
- 54.
- 55. • X = =
- 56.
- 57. • 2 - 2 -
- 58. • Clor blindness) Red – Green blindness) X
- 59. • = = • •
- 60. Sex Determination) 2 1. 2.
- 61. 1. 3 1. XY 2. XO 3. ZW
- 62. 1. XY Y Y Testis) Y X - XY - XX
- 63. 2. XO Orthoptera) Hemiptera) X XX - XO - XX
- 64. 3. ZW ZW ZZ 2 Z W Z
- 65. 2. Hymennoptera) - n) - 2n) 16 32
- 66. 1. - XY XY XX , - XO XO XX , X , - ZW ZZ(XX) ZW(XY) , , , ,
- 67. (mutation) 2 - (gene mutation) - (chromosomal mutation)
- 68. • Gene mutation) (A, T, C, G) DNA
- 69.
- 70. (chromosomal mutation) 2 - -
- 71. • 1.1 - aneuploidy) 46 47 45 momosomic) disomic) trisomic) polysomic) 21 1 47 trisomic-21)
- 72. - euploidy) haploid=n) monoploid = n) diploid = 2n) triploid = 3n) polyploid = n)
- 73. 1.2 (deletion) 5 • duplication) • inversion) • translocation)
- 74. (mutagen) 1. (radiation) 2 -Ionizing Radiation , , -Non-Ionizing Radiation 2. - (colchicine) - *** (carcinogen) (aflatoxins)
- 75. 2 1. (Somatic cell) 2. (Sex cell)
- 76. • Genetic Engineering insulin insulin
- 77. • DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA • DNA DNA DNA vector DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA Plasmid
- 78. • Restriction enzyme DNA rDNA • . .2513 Hamilton Smith DNA DNA Restriction enzyme • DNA 5’ 3’ • DNA Blunt end Stricky end
- 81. DNA Ligase Enzyme • DNA 2 DNA
- 83. • 1. DNA • 2. DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA • 3. DNA DNA DNA DNA
- 86. • DNA DNA DNA GMO-genetically modified organism
- 87.
- 88. - - - - - - - -
- 89. Cloning “ ” 2539
- 92. DNA DNA cloning) DNA gene cloning)
- 93.