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Topic - Phase contrast and Confocal microscope . Significance , application , ray diagram , recent aspects
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Dark field microscope
The document discusses the dark field microscope, which was invented in 1830 by J.J. Lister. It describes how a dark field microscope works by placing an opaque disc under the condenser lens so that only light scattered by objects on the slide reaches the eye. This causes pigmented objects to appear in false colors. Some uses of the dark field microscope include examining unstained cells and samples in pond water or prepared slides, as well as determining mobility in cultures. While it produces beautiful images, it also has some disadvantages.
MICROSCOPY BY INSHA JAN
The document provides an overview of microscopy through a seminar presentation. It defines microscopy, discusses the history and properties including magnification, resolution, and contrast. It describes the main parts of a microscope and different types such as brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, transmission electron, scanning electron, scanning tunneling, and inverted microscopes. Applications of each microscope type are also outlined.
Phase contrast microscope
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE -HISTORY, PRINCIPLE, INSTRUMENTATION, CONSTRUCTION, PROTOCOL, APPLICATION.
4. Microscope - Phase contrast & Fluorescent
Basics only
for beginners
ZERNIKE MICROSCOPE. PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPE
FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPE
When a substance absorbs light, the electrons present at the outermost orbit absorbs
energy and get excited; on the way back to the ground state, it emits a part of the energy
absorbed. This phenomenon is termed as fluorescence.Fluorescent microscopeinvolves
staining of specimens with special fluorescent dyes (fluorescein, acridine orange, etc).
When a fluorescent dye is applied to a substance, it absorbs a wavelength of light
(excitation wavelength) and emits light of different wavelength (emission wavelength).
5. Microsocope ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM & SEM ) - Basics
Basics only
Electron beam is the source of illumination.
Image is produced by magnetic field.
Contrasting features between light microscope and electron microscope are
construction, working principle, specimen preparation, cost-expenses and designed
room (vacuum chamber).
Microscope iii
In the late 16th century several Dutch lens makers designed devices that magnified objects, but in 1609 Galileo Galilei perfected the first device known as a microscope. Dutch spectacle makers Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey are noted as the first men to develop the concept of the compound microscope.
Dark field microscopy
Darkfield (dark ground) microscopy is a simple and popular method for making unstained transparent specimens clearly visible. Such objects often have refractive indices very close in value to that of their surroundings and are difficult to image in conventional brightfield microscopy. For example, many small aquatic organisms have a refractive index ranging from 1.2 to 1.4, resulting in a negligible optical difference from the surrounding aqueous medium. These are ideal candidates for darkfield illumination.
Microscopy - Magnification, Resolving power, Principles, Types and Applications
Magnification, Resolving power, Principles and Applications of Simple, Compound, Stereozoom, Phase contrast, Fluorescent and Electron microscopes (TEM & SEM).
Microscopy is the technical field that uses microscopes to observe samples which are not in the resolution range of the normal-unaided eye.
Recommended
Dark field microscope
The document discusses the dark field microscope, which was invented in 1830 by J.J. Lister. It describes how a dark field microscope works by placing an opaque disc under the condenser lens so that only light scattered by objects on the slide reaches the eye. This causes pigmented objects to appear in false colors. Some uses of the dark field microscope include examining unstained cells and samples in pond water or prepared slides, as well as determining mobility in cultures. While it produces beautiful images, it also has some disadvantages.
MICROSCOPY BY INSHA JAN
The document provides an overview of microscopy through a seminar presentation. It defines microscopy, discusses the history and properties including magnification, resolution, and contrast. It describes the main parts of a microscope and different types such as brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, transmission electron, scanning electron, scanning tunneling, and inverted microscopes. Applications of each microscope type are also outlined.
Phase contrast microscope
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE -HISTORY, PRINCIPLE, INSTRUMENTATION, CONSTRUCTION, PROTOCOL, APPLICATION.
4. Microscope - Phase contrast & Fluorescent
Basics only
for beginners
ZERNIKE MICROSCOPE. PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPE
FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPE
When a substance absorbs light, the electrons present at the outermost orbit absorbs
energy and get excited; on the way back to the ground state, it emits a part of the energy
absorbed. This phenomenon is termed as fluorescence.Fluorescent microscopeinvolves
staining of specimens with special fluorescent dyes (fluorescein, acridine orange, etc).
When a fluorescent dye is applied to a substance, it absorbs a wavelength of light
(excitation wavelength) and emits light of different wavelength (emission wavelength).
5. Microsocope ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM & SEM ) - Basics
Basics only
Electron beam is the source of illumination.
Image is produced by magnetic field.
Contrasting features between light microscope and electron microscope are
construction, working principle, specimen preparation, cost-expenses and designed
room (vacuum chamber).
Microscope iii
In the late 16th century several Dutch lens makers designed devices that magnified objects, but in 1609 Galileo Galilei perfected the first device known as a microscope. Dutch spectacle makers Zaccharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey are noted as the first men to develop the concept of the compound microscope.
Dark field microscopy
Darkfield (dark ground) microscopy is a simple and popular method for making unstained transparent specimens clearly visible. Such objects often have refractive indices very close in value to that of their surroundings and are difficult to image in conventional brightfield microscopy. For example, many small aquatic organisms have a refractive index ranging from 1.2 to 1.4, resulting in a negligible optical difference from the surrounding aqueous medium. These are ideal candidates for darkfield illumination.
Microscopy - Magnification, Resolving power, Principles, Types and Applications
Magnification, Resolving power, Principles and Applications of Simple, Compound, Stereozoom, Phase contrast, Fluorescent and Electron microscopes (TEM & SEM).
Microscopy is the technical field that uses microscopes to observe samples which are not in the resolution range of the normal-unaided eye.
3. Microscope simple, compound & stereo - Basics
A simple microscope uses a single lens to magnify objects and forms a virtual image. It provides low magnification and is used to examine things like skin, algae, and soil samples.
A compound microscope has two lens systems that provide higher magnification by compounding the magnification of the objective and eyepiece lenses. It allows detailed examination of stained slides and is commonly used in biology labs and medical diagnostics.
A stereo microscope uses two separate optical paths and lens systems to provide a three-dimensional view of surfaces. It has lower magnification than compound microscopes and is used for examining things like insects and circuit boards.
Phase contrast & Flurosence microscope
This document provides an introduction to phase contrast microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. It discusses that phase contrast microscopy, developed in 1934, uses optical techniques to produce high-contrast images of transparent samples like living cells. It works by converting differences in refractive index to intensity differences visible to the eye. Fluorescent microscopy illuminates samples with high-energy light, causing fluorophores to emit lower-energy light, which can then be filtered and observed. Both techniques allow viewing of unstained, living samples like cells in more detail.
Dark field microscopy
Dark-field microscopy is used to illuminate unstained samples causing them to appear bright against a dark background. This type of microscope contains a special condenser having a central blacked-out area.
Micro2microscopy
The document discusses different units of measurement used in the metric system to express the sizes of microorganisms, including the meter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer. It then describes different types of microscopes used to observe tiny objects, including simple microscopes with one lens, compound microscopes with more than one lens, and electron microscopes which use an electron beam. Compound microscopes are often used to observe microorganisms and cells at magnifications of up to 1000 times smaller than what can be seen with the naked eye.
Dark field microscopy
Dark field microscopy is a technique that allows samples to appear brightly lit against a dark background. It works by blocking the transmitted light and only allowing oblique rays to illuminate the specimen. This allows largely transparent and unstained samples to be visible. The document discusses how dark field microscopy works, some inexpensive alternatives to expensive equipment, applications like viewing bacteria and minerals, and advantages like being able to see unstained samples clearly. However, it also has disadvantages like being prone to distortions and requiring careful sample preparation. Evidence is presented for its use in research to image things like functionalized gold nanoparticles targeting cancer cells.
Confocal microscope presentation pt
Confocal microscopy provides high-resolution images with better contrast compared to widefield microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light. A laser excites fluorescence in the sample, which is detected through the pinhole to build up an image point-by-point. By collecting optical sections at different depths, confocal microscopy can generate 3D reconstructions and analyze thick samples without physical sectioning. It finds applications in cell and developmental biology.
Phase Contrast Microscopy - Microbiology 1st
Phase contrast microscopy uses differences in phase shifts of light waves passing through a specimen to visualize unstained living cells. It allows biologists to study living cells and cell division. Dark field microscopy produces a dark background and bright specimen image using oblique illumination. It is used to view unstained or little absorbed objects like bacteria, algae, and diatoms. Electron microscopy uses a beam of accelerated electrons instead of light for higher resolution imaging of nano-scale structures. Types include analytical electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Dark Field microscopy
This document discusses dark field microscopy. It begins by defining dark field microscopy as a technique that produces bright objects against a dark background without using stains. This is achieved through a condenser that blocks light from entering the objective lens directly, allowing only light scattered from the specimen to pass through. Applications of dark field microscopy include viewing unstained samples like microorganisms, cells, and fibers. Advantages are its ability to examine transparent specimens, while disadvantages include sensitivity to dust or bubbles. Recent developments include using smartphone microscopy with LEDs for portable dark field imaging of nanoparticles.
PHASE MICROSCOPY
This document discusses phase contrast microscopy. It begins by defining a microscope and microscopy. It then describes the main types of microscopes, including optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopes. It focuses on the light microscope, explaining that it uses visible light and is commonly used in biology to view structures like cells. It defines magnification and resolution. It describes the different modes of light microscopy - bright field, dark field, and phase contrast - and explains that phase contrast microscopy allows observation of living cells by enhancing contrast between structures with small refractive index differences. It notes that phase contrast microscopy was invented by Frits Zernike, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953.
Dfm
Darkfield microscopy illuminates sample edges to appear as silhouettes against a dark background. It uses a modified condenser to direct light obliquely below the sample, blocking directly transmitted light. This technique is useful for viewing thin, unstained, or living samples like bacteria, allowing observation without staining. While simple, it produces high-quality images but requires a clean sample to avoid confusing background particles.
Confocal microscope presentation
Confocal microscopy allows high-resolution imaging of the layers of the normal human cornea. It illuminates small spots across the cornea and synchronously images each spot, allowing visualization of individual layers without interference from other layers. The cornea consists of an epithelium containing superficial, wing and basal cells, anterior and posterior limiting laminae, stroma containing keratocytes, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. Cell structures are clearly visible within each layer. The technique provides insights into normal corneal structure and aging changes.
Microscopy
Microscopy, Bright field microscopy, Dark field microscopy, Dairy Microbiology, Fundamental of microscopy
The microscope presentation
The microscope has evolved significantly since its earliest forms in the 1st century AD. Some key developments include:
1) The earliest microscopes in the 1st century AD had simple lenses that provided around 10x magnification.
2) In the late 16th century, experiments using multiple lenses in a tube led to improved magnification. Galileo later established the optical principles behind using lenses.
3) In the 17th century, Anton van Leeuwenhoek made tiny lenses that greatly increased magnification and allowed him to discover bacteria and microorganisms, while Robert Hooke used early microscopes to observe plant and animal cells.
Phase contrast microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy allows biologists to study living cells by making subtle phase shifts in light passing through a specimen visible as brightness variations in the image. It reveals many cellular structures not visible with bright field microscopy and does not require staining cells. Frits Zernike invented phase contrast microscopy in the early 1930s and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953 for this important advancement in microscopy. Phase contrast works by separating illuminating background light from scattered specimen light and manipulating them differently to increase contrast between foreground and background details in the image.
Confocal microscopy
This document provides information about confocal microscopy. It discusses:
- How confocal microscopy works by excluding light from out-of-focus planes to generate high-contrast images with better resolution than conventional microscopes.
- The history of confocal microscopy, which was pioneered by Marvin Minsky in 1955 using pinholes and point-by-point illumination.
- Key aspects of confocal microscopy like using fluorophores, laser excitation, and building 3D images by combining thin optical sections.
Dark field-microscope-phase-contrast microscope
Transparent living organisms can be more
easily seen with dark field microscope This
method is particularly useful when one is
attempting to identify spirochaetes in exudate
To achieve the dark effect
it is necessary to alter the light rays
that approach the objective
in such away only oblique rays strike the objects
being viewed
The obliquity of the must be extreme
that if no object are in the field
the background is completely
light free objects in the field
become brightly illuminated however
by the rays that are reflected up
through the lens system of microscope
Darkfield production
star diaphragm
dark field condenser
Phase contrast microscope
first developed by Frederick Zernike
referred as Frederic microscope instrument. To
study living transparent cell
Various configurations o
f diaphragms and materials that can be used to retard or advance the direct light ray
it differs from bright field
different type of diaphragm
phase plate
the diaphragm consists of annular top
allow only hollow cone of light to pass
rays through the condenser
to the object on the slide
the phase plate is a special
optical disk located
at rear focal plate of objective
it has a phase ring on it
that advance or retard the direct light ray
¼ wave full course https://www.udemy.com/course/practical-bacteriology-from-scratch/?referralCode=D8BE0B0A84BFDA0E94FD
microscopy/type of microscopy
The document discusses different types of microscopes. It explains that microscopes are used to magnify small objects and can range from simple magnifying glasses to complex research instruments. Simple microscopes use a single lens for magnification, while compound microscopes use multiple lenses to achieve higher magnification. Specific microscope techniques discussed include light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Darkfieldmicroscope1
Dark field microscopy produces bright images of unstained samples against a dark background. It works by using a condenser with an opaque disk to block directly transmitted light, allowing only obliquely scattered light from the sample to enter the objective lens. This causes specimens to appear bright on a dark background. It is useful for viewing transparent or unstained samples like bacteria, algae, and minerals. Special care must be taken to avoid dust or bubbles that will appear as bright objects in the image.
Overview of Microscopic techniques
- Microscopy allows observation of objects less than 100 micrometers, opening up the microscopic world. The invention of the light microscope in the 16th century was pivotal.
- Microscopes are classified as light or electron microscopes. Light microscopes use visible light and have limitations based on wavelength, while electron microscopes have much higher resolving power.
- Various specialized microscopy techniques exist like fluorescence microscopy, which uses ultraviolet light and optical filters to observe fluorescent materials in cells and tissues.
Dark field microscopy
Dark field microscopy is a technique that uses a dark field condenser containing an opaque disk to block light entering the objective lens directly. Only light reflected off the specimen enters the lens, causing specimens to appear bright against a dark background. This technique is useful for viewing unstained, transparent specimens like bacteria, algae, and fibers. It has advantages like viewing details on surfaces but disadvantages like image degradation from non-uniform specimens or particles on the optics. Dark field microscopy finds applications in diagnosing syphilis and viewing various microorganisms, minerals, and cells.
2. Microscopy (Biochemistry)
This document provides an overview of microscopy including:
1. It outlines the historical development of the microscope from the 1500s to present.
2. It describes key microscope components and variables like magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, aberration, and contrast.
3. It explains different microscope types like compound light, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, electron, confocal, and scanning probe microscopes as well as their principles and uses.
4. It provides guidance on microscope care and proper storage, handling of lenses, and care of oil emersion objectives and lamps.
Microscope
The document discusses various types of microscopes. It describes light microscopes like compound microscopes which use lenses and light to magnify specimens, and electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes which use electron beams. It also mentions phase contrast microscopes which view live samples without staining, and fluorescent microscopes which use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light. The key components and working principles of these different microscope types are outlined.
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3. Microscope simple, compound & stereo - Basics
A simple microscope uses a single lens to magnify objects and forms a virtual image. It provides low magnification and is used to examine things like skin, algae, and soil samples.
A compound microscope has two lens systems that provide higher magnification by compounding the magnification of the objective and eyepiece lenses. It allows detailed examination of stained slides and is commonly used in biology labs and medical diagnostics.
A stereo microscope uses two separate optical paths and lens systems to provide a three-dimensional view of surfaces. It has lower magnification than compound microscopes and is used for examining things like insects and circuit boards.
Phase contrast & Flurosence microscope
This document provides an introduction to phase contrast microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. It discusses that phase contrast microscopy, developed in 1934, uses optical techniques to produce high-contrast images of transparent samples like living cells. It works by converting differences in refractive index to intensity differences visible to the eye. Fluorescent microscopy illuminates samples with high-energy light, causing fluorophores to emit lower-energy light, which can then be filtered and observed. Both techniques allow viewing of unstained, living samples like cells in more detail.
Dark field microscopy
Dark-field microscopy is used to illuminate unstained samples causing them to appear bright against a dark background. This type of microscope contains a special condenser having a central blacked-out area.
Micro2microscopy
The document discusses different units of measurement used in the metric system to express the sizes of microorganisms, including the meter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer. It then describes different types of microscopes used to observe tiny objects, including simple microscopes with one lens, compound microscopes with more than one lens, and electron microscopes which use an electron beam. Compound microscopes are often used to observe microorganisms and cells at magnifications of up to 1000 times smaller than what can be seen with the naked eye.
Dark field microscopy
Dark field microscopy is a technique that allows samples to appear brightly lit against a dark background. It works by blocking the transmitted light and only allowing oblique rays to illuminate the specimen. This allows largely transparent and unstained samples to be visible. The document discusses how dark field microscopy works, some inexpensive alternatives to expensive equipment, applications like viewing bacteria and minerals, and advantages like being able to see unstained samples clearly. However, it also has disadvantages like being prone to distortions and requiring careful sample preparation. Evidence is presented for its use in research to image things like functionalized gold nanoparticles targeting cancer cells.
Confocal microscope presentation pt
Confocal microscopy provides high-resolution images with better contrast compared to widefield microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light. A laser excites fluorescence in the sample, which is detected through the pinhole to build up an image point-by-point. By collecting optical sections at different depths, confocal microscopy can generate 3D reconstructions and analyze thick samples without physical sectioning. It finds applications in cell and developmental biology.
Phase Contrast Microscopy - Microbiology 1st
Phase contrast microscopy uses differences in phase shifts of light waves passing through a specimen to visualize unstained living cells. It allows biologists to study living cells and cell division. Dark field microscopy produces a dark background and bright specimen image using oblique illumination. It is used to view unstained or little absorbed objects like bacteria, algae, and diatoms. Electron microscopy uses a beam of accelerated electrons instead of light for higher resolution imaging of nano-scale structures. Types include analytical electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Dark Field microscopy
This document discusses dark field microscopy. It begins by defining dark field microscopy as a technique that produces bright objects against a dark background without using stains. This is achieved through a condenser that blocks light from entering the objective lens directly, allowing only light scattered from the specimen to pass through. Applications of dark field microscopy include viewing unstained samples like microorganisms, cells, and fibers. Advantages are its ability to examine transparent specimens, while disadvantages include sensitivity to dust or bubbles. Recent developments include using smartphone microscopy with LEDs for portable dark field imaging of nanoparticles.
PHASE MICROSCOPY
This document discusses phase contrast microscopy. It begins by defining a microscope and microscopy. It then describes the main types of microscopes, including optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopes. It focuses on the light microscope, explaining that it uses visible light and is commonly used in biology to view structures like cells. It defines magnification and resolution. It describes the different modes of light microscopy - bright field, dark field, and phase contrast - and explains that phase contrast microscopy allows observation of living cells by enhancing contrast between structures with small refractive index differences. It notes that phase contrast microscopy was invented by Frits Zernike, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953.
Dfm
Darkfield microscopy illuminates sample edges to appear as silhouettes against a dark background. It uses a modified condenser to direct light obliquely below the sample, blocking directly transmitted light. This technique is useful for viewing thin, unstained, or living samples like bacteria, allowing observation without staining. While simple, it produces high-quality images but requires a clean sample to avoid confusing background particles.
Confocal microscope presentation
Confocal microscopy allows high-resolution imaging of the layers of the normal human cornea. It illuminates small spots across the cornea and synchronously images each spot, allowing visualization of individual layers without interference from other layers. The cornea consists of an epithelium containing superficial, wing and basal cells, anterior and posterior limiting laminae, stroma containing keratocytes, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. Cell structures are clearly visible within each layer. The technique provides insights into normal corneal structure and aging changes.
Microscopy
Microscopy, Bright field microscopy, Dark field microscopy, Dairy Microbiology, Fundamental of microscopy
The microscope presentation
The microscope has evolved significantly since its earliest forms in the 1st century AD. Some key developments include:
1) The earliest microscopes in the 1st century AD had simple lenses that provided around 10x magnification.
2) In the late 16th century, experiments using multiple lenses in a tube led to improved magnification. Galileo later established the optical principles behind using lenses.
3) In the 17th century, Anton van Leeuwenhoek made tiny lenses that greatly increased magnification and allowed him to discover bacteria and microorganisms, while Robert Hooke used early microscopes to observe plant and animal cells.
Phase contrast microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy allows biologists to study living cells by making subtle phase shifts in light passing through a specimen visible as brightness variations in the image. It reveals many cellular structures not visible with bright field microscopy and does not require staining cells. Frits Zernike invented phase contrast microscopy in the early 1930s and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953 for this important advancement in microscopy. Phase contrast works by separating illuminating background light from scattered specimen light and manipulating them differently to increase contrast between foreground and background details in the image.
Confocal microscopy
This document provides information about confocal microscopy. It discusses:
- How confocal microscopy works by excluding light from out-of-focus planes to generate high-contrast images with better resolution than conventional microscopes.
- The history of confocal microscopy, which was pioneered by Marvin Minsky in 1955 using pinholes and point-by-point illumination.
- Key aspects of confocal microscopy like using fluorophores, laser excitation, and building 3D images by combining thin optical sections.
Dark field-microscope-phase-contrast microscope
Transparent living organisms can be more
easily seen with dark field microscope This
method is particularly useful when one is
attempting to identify spirochaetes in exudate
To achieve the dark effect
it is necessary to alter the light rays
that approach the objective
in such away only oblique rays strike the objects
being viewed
The obliquity of the must be extreme
that if no object are in the field
the background is completely
light free objects in the field
become brightly illuminated however
by the rays that are reflected up
through the lens system of microscope
Darkfield production
star diaphragm
dark field condenser
Phase contrast microscope
first developed by Frederick Zernike
referred as Frederic microscope instrument. To
study living transparent cell
Various configurations o
f diaphragms and materials that can be used to retard or advance the direct light ray
it differs from bright field
different type of diaphragm
phase plate
the diaphragm consists of annular top
allow only hollow cone of light to pass
rays through the condenser
to the object on the slide
the phase plate is a special
optical disk located
at rear focal plate of objective
it has a phase ring on it
that advance or retard the direct light ray
¼ wave full course https://www.udemy.com/course/practical-bacteriology-from-scratch/?referralCode=D8BE0B0A84BFDA0E94FD
microscopy/type of microscopy
The document discusses different types of microscopes. It explains that microscopes are used to magnify small objects and can range from simple magnifying glasses to complex research instruments. Simple microscopes use a single lens for magnification, while compound microscopes use multiple lenses to achieve higher magnification. Specific microscope techniques discussed include light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Darkfieldmicroscope1
Dark field microscopy produces bright images of unstained samples against a dark background. It works by using a condenser with an opaque disk to block directly transmitted light, allowing only obliquely scattered light from the sample to enter the objective lens. This causes specimens to appear bright on a dark background. It is useful for viewing transparent or unstained samples like bacteria, algae, and minerals. Special care must be taken to avoid dust or bubbles that will appear as bright objects in the image.
Overview of Microscopic techniques
- Microscopy allows observation of objects less than 100 micrometers, opening up the microscopic world. The invention of the light microscope in the 16th century was pivotal.
- Microscopes are classified as light or electron microscopes. Light microscopes use visible light and have limitations based on wavelength, while electron microscopes have much higher resolving power.
- Various specialized microscopy techniques exist like fluorescence microscopy, which uses ultraviolet light and optical filters to observe fluorescent materials in cells and tissues.
Dark field microscopy
Dark field microscopy is a technique that uses a dark field condenser containing an opaque disk to block light entering the objective lens directly. Only light reflected off the specimen enters the lens, causing specimens to appear bright against a dark background. This technique is useful for viewing unstained, transparent specimens like bacteria, algae, and fibers. It has advantages like viewing details on surfaces but disadvantages like image degradation from non-uniform specimens or particles on the optics. Dark field microscopy finds applications in diagnosing syphilis and viewing various microorganisms, minerals, and cells.
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Similar to Microscopy.slide.sanchaita.12
2. Microscopy (Biochemistry)
This document provides an overview of microscopy including:
1. It outlines the historical development of the microscope from the 1500s to present.
2. It describes key microscope components and variables like magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, aberration, and contrast.
3. It explains different microscope types like compound light, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, electron, confocal, and scanning probe microscopes as well as their principles and uses.
4. It provides guidance on microscope care and proper storage, handling of lenses, and care of oil emersion objectives and lamps.
Microscope
The document discusses various types of microscopes. It describes light microscopes like compound microscopes which use lenses and light to magnify specimens, and electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes which use electron beams. It also mentions phase contrast microscopes which view live samples without staining, and fluorescent microscopes which use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light. The key components and working principles of these different microscope types are outlined.
Microscope
This document provides information about different types of microscopy. It begins with an introduction to microscopy, then discusses the history and key figures in the development of the microscope. It describes different types of microscopes including light/bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy. For each type, it provides details on the optical principles, components, and applications. The document aims to inform the reader about the basic concepts and techniques of microscopy.
Microscopy
The microscope has evolved a lot from the time of Leeuwenhoek. This presentation gives a brief overview about the types of microscope their principle of function and application.
MICROSCOPY.pptx
The document defines various types of microscopes and microscopy terms. It describes light microscopes like brightfield, phase contrast, and fluorescence microscopes which use lenses and visible light to magnify small specimens. Electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes are also covered, which use electron beams instead of light to achieve higher magnifications. Key microscopy terms defined include magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, refractive index, and aberration. Specific uses and working principles of each microscope type are provided.
Techniques in cell biology by vinitha
This document discusses various microscopy techniques used in cell biology. It begins by defining microscopy as the use of microscopes to view small objects. Light microscopes use visible light and lenses to examine small specimens. Types of light microscopes include brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, and confocal microscopes. Electron microscopes like scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes use electron beams instead of light to provide higher resolution images of cellular structures and components. Microscopy is a powerful tool that is widely used in research, education, and medical diagnostics to study tissues at the cellular level.
Confocal microscope
The document summarizes the history and components of the confocal microscope. It describes how the confocal microscope was initially conceived in the 1950s but lacked the necessary light sources and computing power. Work in the late 1960s adapted the original concept and allowed for the examination of unstained brain and ganglion cells. Further developments in lasers and computing through the 1980s led to more practical confocal microscopes. Modern confocal microscopes integrate optics, detectors, computers and lasers to produce high-resolution 3D electronic images of samples. Confocal microscopes are now used across various fields including biology and medicine.
MICROSCOPY.pdf..........................
The document provides an overview of microscopy including:
1. It discusses the historical development of the microscope from the 16th century to present day. Key figures mentioned include Hans Janssen, Galileo Galilei, Christian Huygens, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, and Robert Hooke.
2. It describes different types of microscopes like brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, electron (TEM and SEM), confocal, and scanning probe microscopes.
3. It explains various optical and imaging principles of different microscope types as well as their applications, advantages, and limitations. Microscopy techniques like micrometry, staining, and immunostaining are also covered.
Microscopy
The document provides an overview of microscopy including:
1. It discusses the historical development of the microscope from its invention in the 1590s to improvements made by scientists like Hooke, Huygens, and van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s-1700s.
2. It describes several types of microscopes like brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, electron (TEM and SEM), confocal, and scanning probe microscopes; and explains their basic optical principles and uses.
3. It covers various optical components and concepts in microscopy like magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, aberration, contrast, and different techniques like micrometry.
Introducation to Microscopy
In this presentation, I have described the Principle and Application of Light, Phase contrast, Fluorescence.
Dark field microscope
Darkfield microscopy uses oblique illumination to make specimens appear bright against a dark background. Light is directed around the specimen so that it is scattered and refracted off of it. This allows thin structures like bacteria to be seen more easily compared to brightfield microscopy. Some applications of darkfield microscopy include viewing unstained live samples, motile organisms, fibers, and external surface details of cells. It has advantages like simplicity, quality images, and lack of artifacts, though light levels are lower.
examination of microoranisms using microscope.ppt
This document discusses various microscopic techniques used to view micro-organisms. It describes simple microscopes developed by Leeuwenhoeck in the 1600s that could magnify up to 300x. Compound light microscopes were later developed using multiple lenses, with modern versions using visible light. Additional techniques were developed like darkfield, phase contrast, and fluorescence microscopy to view unstained or live specimens. Electron microscopes using electron beams instead of light allowed viewing structures too small for light microscopes like viruses. Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes developed in the 1980s provide even higher resolution atomic level views of surfaces.
examination of microoranisms using microscope.ppt
This document discusses various microscopic techniques used to view micro-organisms. It describes simple microscopes developed by Leeuwenhoeck in the 1600s that could magnify up to 300x. Compound light microscopes were later developed using multiple lenses, with modern versions using visible light. Additional techniques were developed like darkfield, phase contrast, and fluorescence microscopy to view unstained or live specimens. Electron microscopes using electron beams instead of light allowed viewing structures too small for light microscopes like viruses. Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy developed in the 1980s provide even higher resolution atomic level views of surfaces.
Types of microscopy
these slides gives information about the types of microscopy. microscopy is divided into two type on the bases of their application which are stereoscopic and biological microscope. another types of microscopy are optical microscope, electron microscope, x-ray microscope and also scanning probe microscopy which perform many function.
Types of Light Microscopes used in Histological Studies.pptx
Light microscopes relies on glass lenses and visible light to magnify tissue samples. It was
invented in XVII century, and has been improved over the years, resulting in the powerful
modern light microscopes. As individual cellular structures are too small to be seen by the
human eye, microscopy techniques have played a key role in the development of
histological techniques.
Microscopy presentation
This presentation is about the introduction of microscopy, its history, parts of a microscope and different types of microscopes along with a brief discussion of their working principles.
MICROSCOPY SEMINAR PRESENTATION BY SITESH)
This document discusses different types of microscopy techniques. It describes how microscopy works by using lenses to magnify small objects that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Key microscopy methods include bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy. Each technique has its own applications and resolution limits, allowing observation of structures from cells and organelles to individual molecules. Specimen preparation is also outlined for different microscopy types.
microscopy in bacteriology by Tejpal.pptx
This document provides an overview of various types of microscopy. It discusses light microscopes such as brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast and differential interference contrast microscopes. It also covers fluorescence microscopy and describes how fluorochromes are used to stain specimens. Finally, it briefly introduces confocal microscopy and its use of laser illumination. The key aspects covered are the principles of image formation, resolution limits and the advantages different microscope configurations provide for examining stained and unstained specimens.
The microscope
The document provides a detailed history of the development of the microscope from its invention in the 16th century to recent advances in super-resolution microscopy. It describes key milestones such as the earliest compound microscope in 1609, the first observation of living cells in 1676, and the invention of the electron microscope in 1931. It also outlines the main types of microscopes including compound, stereo, inverted, metallurgical, and polarizing microscopes and their typical uses.
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy.
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Microscopy.slide.sanchaita.12
- 1. MICROSCOPY SANCHAITA TEWARY B.SC 1ST SEMESTER REG:NO-KNU19111001196 MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT MICHAEL MADHUSUDAN MEMORIAL COLLEGE
- 2. MICROSCOPE- An instrument use for viewing the illustrated image of the microbes which are too small to see in human eyes. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE Bright field microscope Dark field microscope Flurocence microscope Phase contrast microscope Confocal microscope Electron microscope
- 3. PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE Invented by dutch physicist Fritz Zernike , awarded noble prize in 1953. Revels cellular structure of an unstained cell which are not visible in bright field microscope with a high resolution. FRITZ ZERNIKE
- 4. PRINCIPLE OF PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY Generally works on the base of diffraction of light & different refractive index.
- 5. SOME IMAGES OF PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE FIG:1 VOLVOX FIG:2 BROWN HYDRA
- 6. SIGNIFICANCE OF PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE Live cell imaging Counting & locating of cells
- 7. CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE Invented by Marvin Minsky in 1955 Higher version of flurocence microscope. Revels the 3D images of the specimen in Z- Pattern including biofilms too. The formation of 3D image in confocal microscopy MARVIN MINSKY
- 8. PRINCIPLE OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE Pinhole placed in front of the light source, allow the light only through a small area. The dichoric mirror allows the light in one pathway & the emitted light reflected towards the detector.
- 9. SOME IMAGES OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE FIG:3,4 DENDRIDE CELL VIEW
- 10. SIGNIFICANCE OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE Images form with a high resolution Cell can be living or dead & also show the 3D images. Base of biological science from cell biology to genetics , to microbiology,& also in quantum optics. Various eye disease, pharmaceutical industry
- 11. SOME FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF MICROSCOPE Liquid lens integration for quick focal adjustment. Use of UV Rays, for increasing the resolution