This document provides information about microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It discusses the key characteristics of bacteria such as being unicellular and prokaryotic. The document describes the structures of bacterial cells and how they reproduce through binary fission. Both harmful and helpful roles of bacteria are outlined. Fungi are described as eukaryotic and non-photosynthetic. The structures and modes of reproduction for fungi are also summarized. Finally, viruses are defined as obligate intracellular parasites lacking the characteristics of life that can cause diseases in humans like AIDS and chicken pox.

1. microorganisms
Bacteria, Fungi, and Virus

2. MICROORGANIS
MS

3. Questions for Lesson About Bacteria
1. What is a bacterium?
2. What are the different types of bacteria?
3. How does bacterial cell differ from plant
and animal cell?
4. What are the three kinds of bacteria
according to the mode of respiration?
Give an example of each kind.
5. How do autotrophic bacteria make food?
6. Where do bacteria use their endospore?
7. What are the three roles of bacteria?

4. Questions for Lesson About Fungi
1. How do fungi differ from plants?
2. What is the main component of a fungus
cell wall?
3. Give examples of fungi.
4. What is the spore-producing structure of
a fungus?
5. Write the chemical equation for alcoholic
fermentation.
6. What kind of asexual reproduction is
performed by unicellular fungi?
7. What are the three roles of fungi?

6. Kingdom Eubacteria (True Bacteria)
Bacteria are located everywhere - air, water, land, and
living organisms including people.
General Characteristics:
1. All are unicellular (one-celled structural level)
2. All are prokaryotic – cells that lack nucleus (no
nuclear envelope) (PRO = NO nucleus)
3. All have cell walls – NO cellulose in cell walls
4. They can live in both aerobic (with O2) and
anaerobic (without O2) environments

7. Bacteria are much larger in size than viruses.

8. Ex: Streptococcus Ex: Lactobacillus Ex: Spirillium

9. Seven Major Structures of a Bacterial Cell
•Capsule
•Cell wall
•Ribosomes
•Nucleoid
•Flagella
•Pilli
•Cytoplasm

10. Reproduction of Bacteria
•Binary Fission - the process of one organism
dividing into two organisms
•Fission is a type of asexual reproduction
•Asexual Reproduction - reproduction of a living
thing from only one parent
How?...
The one main (circular)
chromosome makes a
copy of itself then it
divides into two.

11. Bacteria Survival
Endospore
•A thick-celled structure that forms inside the cell
•They are the major cause of food poisoning
•It allows the bacterium to survive for many
years
•They can withstand boiling, freezing, and
extremely dry conditions
•It encloses all the nuclear materials and
some cytoplasm

12. Harmful Bacteria
• Some bacteria cause diseases
•Animals can pass diseases to humans
Communicable Disease
- Disease that is passed from one organism to another
This can happen in several ways:
•Air
•Touching clothing, food, silverware, or
toothbrush
•Drinking water that contains bacteria

13. Helpful Bacteria
•Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil
for other organisms to grow
•Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break
down grass and hay
•Most are used to make antibiotics
•Some bacteria help make insulin
•They are used to make industrial chemicals

14. Helpful Bacteria
•Used to treat sewage
Organic waste is consumed by the
bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria,
and is no longer present to produce odors,
sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.
•Foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are
made from bacteria that grows in milk

16. Characteristics of Fungi
• Eukaryotic (with membrane-bound
organelles)
• Non-photosynthetic – unlike plants
• Most are multicellular
• Most are microscopic molds or
yeasts
The study of fungi is known as MYCOLOGY.

18. Structure of a Fungi
Spore-producing
structure of fungi

19. Reproduction in Fungi
• Most fungi reproduce both
sexually and asexually
• Asexual reproduction –
production of various types
of spores

20. Roles of Fungi
• Disease-causing agents
ATHLETE’S FOOT

21. Fungi decompose dead plant and
animal matter.
•Called saprophytes,
they act as recyclers of
dead organic matter,
obtaining food from
this material.

22. Fungi in Industry
(Biotechnology)
• Fungi produce many products
used in the medical field such as
penicillin, cephalosporin
antibiotics, cortisone
• Yeast is used to make ethanol.
• Yeasts are known for making
breads rise.

23. Viruses

24. Virus
– an infectious
biological particle
consisting of a
nucleic acid as a
genetic material and
a protein coat called
capsid

25. Virus
– are OBLIGATE
INTRACELLULAR
PARASITES,
meaning they can’t
live on their own;
they do not possess
the characteristics
of life.

26. Virus
They are considered
to be acellular –
meaning they do not
contain nor made up
of cells.

27. Some Human
Diseases Caused by
Viruses

28. AIDS

29. Chicken Pox