Louis Pasteur was born on 27th december 1822, in dole, france. He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a PH.D in CHEMISTRY.He worked as a professor at the university of strasbourg,paris.Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”
It talks about Contribution of Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek to the society. It also talks about his life style like a story. It also explains the contribution about microscope and micro organisms.
Microbiology essentially began with the development of the microscope. Although others may have seen microbes before him, it was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch draper whose hobby was lens grinding and making microscopes, who was the first to provide proper documentation of his observations.
Contribution of scientists in developing Microbiologyjigisha pancholi
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ROBERT KOCH, LOUIS PASTEUR,JOSEPH LISTER, JOHN TYNDALL, ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
Brief discription about the Golden age of Microbiology and two important scientists Louis Pasteur and Joseph lister ,and their contributions to the field of microbiology .
It talks about Contribution of Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek to the society. It also talks about his life style like a story. It also explains the contribution about microscope and micro organisms.
Microbiology essentially began with the development of the microscope. Although others may have seen microbes before him, it was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch draper whose hobby was lens grinding and making microscopes, who was the first to provide proper documentation of his observations.
Contribution of scientists in developing Microbiologyjigisha pancholi
CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY ROBERT KOCH, LOUIS PASTEUR,JOSEPH LISTER, JOHN TYNDALL, ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
Brief discription about the Golden age of Microbiology and two important scientists Louis Pasteur and Joseph lister ,and their contributions to the field of microbiology .
In Louis Pasteur's scientific career it is striking to note the exponential character
of the research he introduced in all the fields he opened up. He offered fabulous
opportunities to stereochemistry. He is acknowledged as one of the founders of
microbiology. He established the possibility of anaerobic life. He pointed the way
to epidemiology, public health, and the bacteriologic fight. He struggled against
the idea of spontaneous generation of life. He irrevocably substantiated the
microbial theory of infectious diseases. He demonstrated that bacterial virulence
could be attenuated, he evidenced immunity and generalised the vaccination
principle. He also was an incomparable experimenter.
To understand the basic concepts of the biology of microorganisms and its mechanism of action in host cells.
-Dr SUBASHKUMAR R
Associate Professor in Biotechnology
Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore
Microbiology is the study of organisms that are usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye; it employs techniques—such as sterilization and the use of culture media—that are required to isolate and grow these microorganisms.
The bottle filled with a heated infusion and connected with a large spherical bottle and a helical tube. Both were heated and the right tube was closed by melting. The organics remained sterile. Obviously, the germs (molecules or particles) could be destroyed by higher temperature.
• Bioremediation – process of cleaning up environmental sites contaminated with chemical pollutants by using living organisms to degrade hazardous materials into less toxic substances
• Nutrient cycles referred to as biogeochemical cycles
• Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen occur in the atmosphere and cycle globally
• Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, cycle on a more local level
• Still, gains and losses from outside of the ecosystem are generally small when compared to the rate at which nutrients are cycled within the system.
ART refers to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means.
• INCLUDES- artificial insemination, In vitro fertilization (IVF) , Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer, Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) , Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
There needs to be a balance between water ingested and water eliminated.
In order to maintain homeostatic levels of water, the body must undergo osmoregulation.
A number of morphologically and functionally diverse organs and tissue organs and tissue contribute to the development of immune responses .
These organs can be distinguished by function as the primary and secondary lymphoid organs .
In five kingdom classification(scheme proposed by R. Whittaker in 1969), Protists make up a kingdom called “Protista”, composed of “Organisms which are unicellular or unicellular-colonial and which form no tissue.
Protists are the eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdom Plantae, Animalia or Fungi. Most Protists are unicellular, but few have hundreds or even thousands of cells.
Protists can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
They move by cilia, flagella or pseudopodia.
Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used extensively as a research tool in molecular biology.
Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested, or both.
It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and used as a tool to determine the cause of infectious disease by letting the agent multiply in a predetermined medium.
It is often essential to isolate a pure culture of microorganisms
Excretory system
Fuction of excretory system
Excretory organ
1>Malpighian tubules
2>Nephrocyte
3>Oenocytes
5>Integument
6>rectum
→Urine production
Formation of primary urine
Movement of solute
Excreation of ions
Modification of primary urine
Salt and water balance
terrestial insects
Fresh water insect
Salt water insect
Nitrogen Excretion
o Snow leopard known throughtout the world for its beautiful fur and elusive behavior, the endangered snow leopard () is found in the rugged mountains of central asia.
o They are perfectly adapted to the cold, bareen landscape of their high altitude home, but human threats have created an uncertain future for the cats.
o Scientist estimate that there may only be between 3920-6390 snow leopard left in the wild.
Honey bees are social insects, which means that they live together in large, well-organized family group.
Communication, complex net construction, environmental control, defense and divison of the labor are just some of the behaviour that honey bees have developed to exist successfully in social colonies.
A honey bees colony typically consists of three kinds of the bees 1) Queen. 2) Workers. 3) Drones.
In addition to thousands of workers adults, a colony normally has a single queen & several hundred drones.
Honey bees live in comb or nest.
Mutual cooperation exist.
Developed communication Dance.
THE PPT CONTAIN GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO Respiratory system.
Components of respiratory system
spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, air sacs.
Number and arrangement of spiracles in insect.
• Holopneustic respiratory system
• Hemipneustic respiratory system
• Peripneustic respiratory system
• Amphipheustic respiratory system
• Propneustic respiratory system
• Metapneustic respiratory system
• Apneustic respiratory system
Function of the respiratory system.
restrial insects
A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons absorbed by a sample after it is passed through its solution.
UV-Visible spectrophotometer uses UV and visible range of electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
wing is one of the most characterstic feature of insects.
In majority of insects mesothorax and meta thorax carries a pair of wings.
On the basis of presence of wings class insecta is devided into 2 sub classes :
1. APTERIGOTA
2. PTERIGOTA
Systematic position
Physical description
Distribution
Food habitat
Grazing habits
Mating behaviour
Threats to wild ass
Poaching
Predation
Conservation efforts
Indian wild ass sanctuary
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. HISTORY
Louis pasteur was born on 27th december 1822, in dole,
france. He was a soldier in napoleon’s army and his job
was a gravedigger. As a child louis loved to paint but the
age of 19, he decided to start a scientific career. He
studied physics and chemistry and in 1846 he recived a
PH.D in CHEMISTRY.
He worked as a professor at the university of
strasbourg,paris.
Louis pasteur is known as the “FATHER OF
MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY”
3. * He gave the term crystallography.
* Described the process of fermentation.
* He showed atmospheric air contains micro-organism in
his experiment. ( swan-necked )
* Gave the term pasteurisation.
* He managed to isolate the microbes
* He gave the germ theory of disease.
* Developed vaccine against rabies.
* He discovered the anthrax disease and pebrin
disease(silk worm disease).
Louis Pasteur’s discoveries
4. First discovery(crystallography)
Louis Pasteur made the first
discovery in 1848 in the field
of crystallography. Using the
glass and tweezers, pasteur
carried out the observation of
crystals tartrates.
Tartaric acid or tartrates is an
organic compound, formed
two types of crystals,that
could be separate
microscopically. In this way
louis discover the secert
construction of tartaric acid.
5. PROCESS OF FERMENTATION
Pasteur became intersted in why the local wines in
france were turning sour. In 1854, pasteur concentrated
on the fermentation process. Other chemist belived that
the fermentation of grape juice was a natural chemical
process. But pasteur denied it.
He came to conclusion that it was a biological process,
during which yeast was reproduced, pasteur observe
under microscope some of oval yeast cells, and barely
some rods commonly called bacteria.
He belived that yeast played major role in fermentation
process.
6. Some chemical reactions shows
the process of fermentation
1. ALBUMIN SOLUTION INCUBATION NO FERMENTATION.
2. 2. Grape juice incubation no fermentation.
3. Grape juice + pure yeast incubation wine + yeasts.
4. Grape juice + yeast heat no fermentation.
5. Grape juice + yeast + bacteria incubation sour wine
6. Grape juice+ yeast+bacteria heat yeast added
incubation good wine.
From this chemical reaction we can see that
yeast and bacteria could bring about
important chemical changes. Yeast appeared
to the vital to fermentation process and the
bacteria made the wine sour.
7. Fermentation process shows that alcohol would
be produced from grape-yeast mixtures. Using
heat will destroyed the yeasts, whereupon
alcohol failed to appear in the grape juice, now
when yeast were returned to the flasks,
fermentation took place, wine was formed, if
we eliminate the bacteria wine would not
become sour.
8. Atmospheric air contains
micro-organism
He showed that atmospheric air contains micro-
organism and that can also be found in
substances such as sugared water, which comes
into contact with the air.
He heated and boiled water in glass flasks with
curved neck, it turned out that life appears in
the flask in the liquid,until the contact with the
air.
9. Defeat to spontaneous generation
(swan - necked experiment)
1. Flask containing sterile
broth/liq media - opened to air
life appears.
2. Flask containing sterile broth
neckes sealed no life
appears.
3. Flask containing sterile broth
its side arm opened to air but
heated no life aapears.
The flask were left open to
allow entry of any life present in
untreated air. The curvature of
the neck prevented the microbes
from reaching the broth/media.
10. EXPERIMENT OF SWAN-NECKED
FLASK
Louis Pasteur first
showed that as air
became purer, fewer
microbes could be
located. His swan-
necked flask
provided the final
defeat to the
“spontaneous
generation theory.”
11. Pasteurisation is the process that kills microbes in
food and drink such as milk, juice, canned food.
Today pasteurisation is used widely in the dairy
industry.
Pasteurisation is not intended to kill all micro-
organism in the food,instead it aim to reduce the
number of viable pathogens so they are unlikely to
cause disease.
PASTEURISATION
12.
13. ANTHRAX
Louis Pasteur discover the immunity in sheep
against anthrax disease.
Anthrax is an infectious disease that affect
cattle,sheep and other livestock that can be
transmitted to man.
During that time anthrax was responsible for
killing large population of sheep in france.
Pasteur supposed that if it were possible to give
an animal a mild attack, this meight be sufficient
to prevent the animal from getting the disease
later on.
GERM THEORY OF DISEASES
14. Pasteur hypothesis was correct. He eventually succeeded
in producing a mild weakend, harmless culture of anthrax,
bacteria. He then took this culture and vaccinated
hundreds of livestocks ,and they were then immune to the
disease.
15. SILK WORM( PEBRINE)
In middle of the 19th century, a
disease had attacked french
silkworm nurseries.
Silkworm eggs no longer be
produced in france.
Pasteur knew virtually nothing
about silkworm, but he soon
became expert silkworm
breeder and identified the
organism that can caused the
silkworm disease.
16. After five years of research, he succeeded in saving
the silk industry through a method that enabled the
preservation of healthy silkworm eggs and
prevented their contamination by the disease
causing orgainsm.
17. Vaccine
( rabies)
Pasteur is pre-dominatly
well-known for his work
with rabies also known
as hydrophobia.
Rabies is a highly
infectious disease that
attacks the cental
nervous system.
Many people have the
misconception that
those who have rabies
act like a wild dog,
barking and howling.
18. Rabies enters the body through the bite of an infected animal
or infected saliva.
On july 6,1885 pasteur tested his new rabies vaccine on man
for the first time.
Joseph Meister was a young man who had been bitten by a
rabid dog. Pasteur gave Meister the rabies vaccine and saved
his life.