This evaluates about the study of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.

1. ECOLOGY
Basic Principles in
Ecology

3. THE ECOSYSTEM
All organisms, their
interactions with one
another and their
environments make up an
ecosystem.

4. Biotic Abiotic
Factors Factors
Producers Water, soil
Temperature,
Consumers
wind
Light, nutrient
s
Decomposers
(C, O, P, N, etc.
)

5. TERMINOLOGIES:
BIOTIC FACTORS = living
components in an ecosystem
ABIOTIC FACTORS = non-
living components in an
ecosystem
HABITAT = part of an
ecosystem where species live

6. POPULATION = group of similar
species living in one area or
habitat
ECOLOGICAL NICHE / NICHE =
the way where organisms relate
or pursue in their environment
(surviving in an area)

7. TRANSFER OF
ENERGY IN AN
ECOSYSTEM

8. TRANSFER OF ENERGY IN AN
ECOSYSTEM
Herbivores –
eat plants
Omnivores Carnivores
–eat both CONSUMER – eat
plants & animals
animals
Scavengers –
feed only on
dead
organisms

9. FOOD CHAIN
Organisms in one level feed
upon organisms at the
lower level.

11. FOOD WEB
It is a network of interacting
food chains.

13. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
This shows how energy is
transferred and changed
when going up the pyramid.

14. THREE TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMID
A. Pyramid of Energy – shows the
amount of energy in calories (Kcal / cal)
B. Pyramid of Biomass – shows the
biomass of all organisms and individuals
C. Pyramid of Numbers – shows the
number of individuals feeding at each
tropic level

15. PYRAMID OF ENERGY

16. PYRAMID OF BIOMASS

17. PYRAMID OF NUMBERS

18. TAKE NOTE:
These pyramids show that
the biomass or numbers of
individuals in each trophic
level decreases along with
the available energy.