The document discusses inferior ovaries in plants. It defines an inferior ovary as one where the internal wall of the thalamus is fused with the wall of the ovary, so only the style and stigma are visible from above. Flowers with this structure are called epigynous. Examples given are apple, sunflower, cucumber and guava. There are two theories for the development of inferior ovaries - the appendicular theory which proposes the ovary develops from the receptacle appendages, and the receptacular theory or axial theory which proposes the ovary develops from the receptacle itself.