Photosynthesis is the process by which plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It is significant as it maintains oxygen levels in the atmosphere, provides both direct and indirect food sources for humans and animals, and has created fossil fuel reserves like coal and oil. The key reaction of photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant leaves where chlorophyll and other pigments absorb sunlight and convert it into chemical energy that is used to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
this presentation contains briefing of the chapter as per NCERT syllabus in details that contains photosynthesis process, early experiments, photosynthetic pigments,photophosphorylation, light reactions and dark reactions n factors affecting photsynthesis.
this presentation contains briefing of the chapter as per NCERT syllabus in details that contains photosynthesis process, early experiments, photosynthetic pigments,photophosphorylation, light reactions and dark reactions n factors affecting photsynthesis.
Photosynthesis has two types of reaction, first one is light reaction (Hill's reaction) and the other one is dark reaction (Blackman's reaction). In this presentation you learn full mechanism of how plants produce energy for their survival by photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms' activities. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.
this presentation describes light phase of photosynthesis. it explains Evidences for two phases, Photosynthetic unit & Harvesting of light energy, Emerson effect &two photosystem, Hill reaction & Photolysis /photo-oxidation of water, Redox potential & mechanism of light reaction, Cyclic photophosphorylation, Non- cyclic photophosphorylation .
Photosynthesis is a oxidation reduction process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate level, the water and oxygen being by product.
Life on earth ultimately depends on energy derived from sun. Photosynthesis is the only process of biological importance that can harvest this energy.
Literally photosynthesis means ‘synthesis using light’. Photosynthetic organisms use solar energy to synthesize carbon compound that cannot be formed without the input of the energy.
Photosynthesis (Photon = Light, Synthesis = Putting together) is an anabolic, endergonic process by which green plant synthesize carbohydrates (initially glucose) requiring carbon dioxide, water, pigments and sunlight. In other words, we can say that photosynthesis is transformation of solar energy/radiant energy/light energy (ultimate source of energy for all living organisms) into chemical energy.
Double fertilization is the process found in angiosperms in which out of the two male gametes released inside the embryo sac, one fuses with the egg cell (syngamy) and another fuse with secondary nucleus (triple fusion).
Photosynthesis has two types of reaction, first one is light reaction (Hill's reaction) and the other one is dark reaction (Blackman's reaction). In this presentation you learn full mechanism of how plants produce energy for their survival by photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms' activities. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.
this presentation describes light phase of photosynthesis. it explains Evidences for two phases, Photosynthetic unit & Harvesting of light energy, Emerson effect &two photosystem, Hill reaction & Photolysis /photo-oxidation of water, Redox potential & mechanism of light reaction, Cyclic photophosphorylation, Non- cyclic photophosphorylation .
Photosynthesis is a oxidation reduction process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate level, the water and oxygen being by product.
Life on earth ultimately depends on energy derived from sun. Photosynthesis is the only process of biological importance that can harvest this energy.
Literally photosynthesis means ‘synthesis using light’. Photosynthetic organisms use solar energy to synthesize carbon compound that cannot be formed without the input of the energy.
Photosynthesis (Photon = Light, Synthesis = Putting together) is an anabolic, endergonic process by which green plant synthesize carbohydrates (initially glucose) requiring carbon dioxide, water, pigments and sunlight. In other words, we can say that photosynthesis is transformation of solar energy/radiant energy/light energy (ultimate source of energy for all living organisms) into chemical energy.
Double fertilization is the process found in angiosperms in which out of the two male gametes released inside the embryo sac, one fuses with the egg cell (syngamy) and another fuse with secondary nucleus (triple fusion).
An ecosystem is a complex and interconnected web of life that encompasses both living organisms and the non-living components of their environment. It is a dynamic and interdependent system where various species interact with each other and their surroundings, creating a delicate balance that sustains life. The study of ecosystems involves understanding the intricate relationships between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors, as well as the processes that govern their interactions.
The Concept of an Ecosystem:
An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of organisms, along with their physical and chemical environment, all interacting as a functional unit. This concept emphasizes the interdependence and mutual influence of living organisms and their surroundings.
Components of an Ecosystem:
1. Biotic Factors:
Biotic factors encompass all living organisms within an ecosystem. This includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and fungi. These organisms interact with each other in various ways, forming intricate food webs, relationships, and ecological niches.
2. Abiotic Factors:
Abiotic factors refer to the non-living components of an ecosystem, such as soil, water, air, sunlight, and minerals. These factors play a crucial role in shaping the physical environment of the ecosystem and influencing the distribution and behavior of living organisms within it.
Biotic Factors in Ecosystems:
1. Producers (Autotrophs):
Producers are organisms, mainly plants and some bacteria, capable of synthesizing their own food through photosynthesis. They form the foundation of the food chain by converting solar energy into chemical energy, which is then passed on to other organisms.
2. Consumers (Heterotrophs):
Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. They can be classified into herbivores (plant eaters), carnivores (meat eaters), and omnivores (eating both plants and animals). Consumers play a crucial role in regulating population dynamics within an ecosystem.
3. Decomposers:
Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead organic matter into simpler substances, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. This process is essential for maintaining soil fertility and sustaining the overall health of the ecosystem.
In the Slides, You will get comprehensive information regarding the Ecosystem Topic.
Happy Learning :)
International efforts in resource management and conservationTRIDIP BORUAH
All the International efforts in resource management and conservation were discussed. Role of community participation in conservation of nature is discussed.
National efforts in resource management and conservationTRIDIP BORUAH
Concept of Resource management. National efforts put forwarded by Govt. of India for resource management. Acts related to conservation of Nature and so on
Concept of Resource accounting, aim, origin and methods of resource accounting, advantages and disadvantages of resource accounting. Conclussion and future prospects
Concept of Participatory Resource Appraisal, Role of community in resource appraisal is also discussed. Impact of Participatory Resource Appraisal is also mentioned
A brief description of inorganic waste management, types of inorganic waste generated and its management strategies, future prospects with recommendations
A brief introduction to Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), how EIA works, process involved with EIA and the recent controversies related to EIA (2020) draft
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
1. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
(HS 1st Year/Chapter 13)
Tridip Boruah
(M.Phil/NET/GATE/SLET)
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
M.C College, Barpeta
4. Definition
Photosynthesis (Photon = Light, Synthesis = Putting
together) is an anabolic, endergonic process by
which green plant synthesize carbohydrates
(initially glucose) requiring carbon dioxide, water,
pigments and sunlight.
5. Significance of Photosynthesis
It maintains equilibrium of O2 in the atmosphere
It provides food either directly as vegetables, or
indirectly as meat or milk of animals which in turn
are fed on plants
Photosynthesis has also provided vast reserves of
energy to man as fuel such as coal, oil, peat and
also wood and dung.
