Mesopotamia lesson
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The document summarizes the major civilizations of Mesopotamia including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Persians. It describes their origins, leaders, social structures, religions, and legacies. Key contributions included the development of cuneiform writing by the Sumerians, Hammurabi's Code of Laws from the Babylonians, and the establishment of the world's first empires by the Akkadians and Assyrians.
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Mesopotamia lesson
The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between 3000 BCE to 330 BCE. It discusses the Sumerians, Akkadian Empire, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians and their contributions. The Sumerians established the first cities and invented cuneiform writing. The Babylonians developed laws under Hammurabi and made advances in mathematics. The Persians were led by Cyrus the Great and established a large empire with different provinces governed by satraps.
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The document provides an overview of the history of Mesopotamia and the Near East during the Bronze Age. It discusses the rise and fall of early civilizations like the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Hittites. Key events included Sargon of Akkad's creation of the first empire, the development of legal codes under Hammurabi and Ur-Nammu, and the sacking of Babylon by the Hittites in 1531 BCE, after which the Cassites established a new kingdom in Babylon. The document also describes advances in fields like mathematics, astronomy, and engineering during this period.
Key concept 1.3.3
Early civilizations developed monumental architecture like ziggurats and pyramids to demonstrate power and unify cultures. Elites promoted arts that decorated temples and palaces. Writing systems independently arose in places like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley and spread between cultures. Legal codes standardized rules but also stratified societies, as seen in Hammurabi's code treating classes differently. Literature like the Epic of Gilgamesh and Rig Veda reflected each culture. Trade of goods between Mesopotamia and Indus Valley linked regions. Overall, culture helped unify states by establishing shared symbols, laws, and economic ties while also reinforcing social hierarchies.
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The document discusses the Mesopotamian civilization between rivers Tigris and Euphrates rivers from 4000 BC to 400 BC. It summarizes the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian and Chaldean civilizations that occupied the region. The Sumerians established the first cities and introduced cuneiform writing and irrigation. Later, the Akkadian and Babylonian empires united the city-states and trade flourished. The Hittites were the first to use iron and horse-drawn carts.
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Mesopotamia ppt1
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. It was ruled successively by four empires from 3500 BC to 600 BC and was the first to develop many innovations including writing, the wheel, and agriculture. Mesopotamian cities were built around temples and were supported by surplus food from irrigated farming. Writing allowed the Mesopotamians to keep records, communicate, and pass down their knowledge through stories like the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Mesopotamia2
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. Several ancient civilizations developed there, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations made important contributions, such as developing the first system of writing called cuneiform, creating the first code of laws under Hammurabi, and establishing irrigation systems that allowed cities and empires to form. Students would learn about Mesopotamian culture through activities like reading stories, drawing pictures, and working in groups to deepen their understanding of this cradle of civilization.
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The document provides an overview of the Sumerian civilization that originated in ancient Mesopotamia between the 5th and 3rd millennium BCE. The Sumerians developed one of the earliest writing systems, cuneiform script, and made advances in areas like mathematics, metrology, irrigation, wheeled transport, and architecture including ziggurats. However, political unity was lacking as the region was divided into independent city-states that frequently battled over resources.
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Contributions of Mesopotamia
From the Sumerians through the Phoenicians and Persians, these are some of the innovations developed by the peoples and empire of this river valley region.
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The document summarizes the major early civilizations that arose near river valleys, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley civilization, and Chinese river valley civilizations. All developed irrigation, systems of government and religion, legal codes, trade, and writing. They established some of the first major cities and advanced technologies like wheels, plows, sailing, bronze working, and calendars. Mesopotamia introduced cuneiform writing and Hammurabi's Code, while Egypt had powerful pharaohs and built pyramids and the Great Sphinx. The Indus civilization developed gridded cities and plumbing, and China built the Great Wall and worked with bronze, iron, silk, and coinage
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Overview of the Mesopotamian Civilization
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Mesopotamia empire
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Mesopotamia ppt1
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. It was ruled successively by four empires from 3500 BC to 600 BC and was the first to develop many innovations including writing, the wheel, and agriculture. Mesopotamian cities were built around temples and were supported by surplus food from irrigated farming. Writing allowed the Mesopotamians to keep records, communicate, and pass down their knowledge through stories like the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Mesopotamia2
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. Several ancient civilizations developed there, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations made important contributions, such as developing the first system of writing called cuneiform, creating the first code of laws under Hammurabi, and establishing irrigation systems that allowed cities and empires to form. Students would learn about Mesopotamian culture through activities like reading stories, drawing pictures, and working in groups to deepen their understanding of this cradle of civilization.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, was the site of the earliest civilizations and is known as the "Cradle of Civilization." It saw the rise and fall of many empires over thousands of years. The Mesopotamians developed new technologies, a system of writing known as cuneiform, and made advances in mathematics, architecture, agriculture and metallurgy. Though it declined due to flooding and warfare, Mesopotamia was the birthplace of many foundations of modern civilization.
Mesopotamia
Catal Huyuk and Jericho were two of the earliest Neolithic cities in the region of Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Catal Huyuk, dating back to 8,000 BCE, was the oldest and largest city found from that period. Mesopotamia is considered the cradle of civilization as it was home to some of the earliest cities and civilizations, including the Sumerians who developed innovations in writing, mathematics, architecture, and more. Over thousands of years, different groups including the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians rose to power in Mesopotamia before falling to subsequent foreign invaders.
Lesson 1 Fertile Crescent
The document summarizes the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia between 3500 BC and 3000 BC. The Fertile Crescent region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provided rich soil and a reliable water source for early farmers. As populations grew and farming techniques improved, villages transformed into independent city-states like Uruk, Kish, Lagash, and Nippur. Surplus food allowed specialization of labor and the emergence of early governments, religions, and trade between the Mesopotamian city-states.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations beginning around 3500 BCE. It had a favorable environment for agriculture due to natural levees and floodplains created by seasonal flooding. Mesopotamian civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians developed systems of irrigation, law, writing, mathematics, and organized religion centered around gods like Ishtar and Enki. Writing began as pictograms and evolved into the cuneiform script, while legal codes like Hammurabi's established early systems of law.
Mesopotamia unit terms
Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq, was the site of one of the earliest known civilizations. Its settlers were herders who began controlling their environment through irrigation canals and growing crops like barley. They lived in city-states like Ur, with mud brick walls for protection, temples as the center of community life, and developed legal systems as populations grew. Mesopotamian achievements included some of the first written laws, use of the wheel, plow, sailboat, and a 12-month calendar based on astronomy.
Mesopotamia's Contributions
Hammurabi's Code was an organized list of 282 laws created by King Hammurabi of Babylonia between 1792-1750 BC to help settle disputes in all areas of life. The Code was based on the principle of "an eye for an eye" where the punishment fit the crime, though it was not equal and depended on the social class of the victim. Writing first developed in Mesopotamia around 3100 BC and was important as it allowed the recording of vital information like farm records and helped us learn about their civilization.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia was the first civilization in history located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, Syria, and surrounding areas. It began as independent Sumerian city-states like Ur and Uruk before being unified under empires like the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Neo-Babylonian. Mesopotamian society was hierarchical with kings and priests at the top. Their economy was based on irrigated agriculture and they developed writing, mathematics, astronomy, law codes, and architectural achievements like ziggurats and arches. Their polytheistic religion influenced later civilizations.
Early Civilizations in the Fertile Crescent
The early civilizations first developed in the Fertile Crescent region of Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Sumerians were among the first, establishing independent city-states in Southern Mesopotamia due to the need to irrigate farmland. They invented writing, mathematics, the wheel, and advanced architecture. However, the lack of natural defenses made Sumer vulnerable to invasion, and it was ultimately conquered by the Akkadian Empire around 2500 BCE. The Akkadians and later Babylonians adopted Sumerian culture and extended irrigation systems. King Hammurabi of Babylon created one of the first legal codes around 2000 BCE. Subsequent empires
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Mesopotamia lesson
- 1. MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION IN ASIA
- 2. MESOPOTAMIA Derived from the Greek words “meso” which means “between” and “potamos” or “river”. “Land between two rivers” “The Fertile Crescent” “The Cradle of History”
- 3. SUMERIANS (3000-2340 B.C.E) “The first builders of civilization” ACTIVITIES OF THE SUMERIANS; Hunting Planting Making dams, dikes, and canals Domistication of animals CUNEIFORM System of writing Came from the Latin words “cuneus” meaning “wedge-shaped” and “forma”, “form”
- 4. SUMER “The southern part of Mesopotamia” Composed of 12 city-states and headed by “Lugal” or “priest-king” Some well-known city-states in sumer; - Eridu - Kish - Lagash - Uruk - Ur - Nippur.
- 5. ZIGGURATS Temple-like structures;home and temple of the Gods
- 6. LEGACY OF SUMERIANS Cuneiform Plow and wheel Built first cities, school, and temples (Ziggurats) Cartography, astronomy, and mathematics Nippur (the oldest map in the world, the map of Nippur) Mixed copper and tin and made bronze Different weapons in war made from bronze Water Clock
- 7. AKKADIAN EMPIRE (2340-2100 B.C.E) “World’s first empire” AKKAD - city-state in a region north of Sumer - Founded by Sargon I Next rulers of Akkadian Empire; - Naram-Sin - Ur-Nammu - Ibbi-Su
- 8. BABYLONIANS (1792-1595 B.C.E) SUMUABUM- invaded mesopotamia and established the kingdom of Babylonia BABYLON- capital of Babylonian Empire HAMMURABI - descendant of Sumuabum,and great leader of Babylon - “Lawgiver of Babylonia”
- 9. SOCIAL CLASSES; The Nobles (king, aristocrat, priest and rich landlords) The Freemen (farmers, merchants, soldiers, and artisans) The Slaves FARMING- chief industry of ancient Babylonians Has 65,000 Gods and did not believe in heaven,hell and purgatory
- 10. LEGACY OF BABYLONIANS Hammurabi Code (285 laws) Ziggurat Epic of Gilgamesh Sexagesimal system of calculation by sixties Divided the circle into 360 degrees or 60s Divided the hour into 60 minutes and each minutes into 60 seconds 12 Zodiac signs
- 11. ASSYRIANS (1813-605 B.C.E) ASHUR- capital of Assyria Shamshi-Adad I- established the capital Tiglath-Pileser I- founder of Assyrian Empire OTHER GREAT LEADERS; Ashurnasirpal II (important leader that time) Tiglath-Pileser III (greatest Assyrian emperor) Sennacherib Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal
- 12. CHALDEANS (612-539 B.C.E) “New or second Babylonian Empire” Nabopolassar-established the new empire of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar - son of Nabopolassar -Great leader of Chaldean Empire LEGACY; Hanging Garden of Babylon ( Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) Tower of Babel
- 13. PERSIANS (539-330 B.C.E) CYRUS THE GREAT AND DARIUS THE GREAT - Great leaders of Persia SATRAPIES- division of provinces in the Persian Empire and headed by a governor (satrap) ZOROASTRIANISM - Religion of perians - Founded by Zoroaster or Zarathushtra - “Believe that life is a constant struggle between good and evil. AHURA MAZDA- God representing good side AHRIMAN- the evil one
- 14. MEDITERRANEANS LEGACY; Hittites- used iron in making weapons Lydians- used coin in trading Phoenicians- developed a modern system of writing “phoenetic alphabet” Hebrew- embraced Judaism and began to practice “monotheism”