This document discusses standard safety precautions for nurses. It defines standard precautions as basic infection control measures used for all patients to reduce transmission of pathogens. The key elements of standard precautions discussed are hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment like gloves and gowns, safe handling of equipment and waste, and respiratory hygiene. The document then provides details on proper procedures for handwashing, surgical scrub, donning gowns, masks and gloves to maintain sterility and prevent spread of infection.

1. MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
Submitted To Submitted by
 Mr.pradep singh
 Hod of medical surgical
nursing
 Kle institute of nursing
sciences ankola
 MissNamita sawant
 Roll no-29
 2nd yr bsc nursing
 Kle institute of nursing
sciences ankola

2. TOPIC
STANDARAD
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
Standarad safety precautions are meant to reduce the
risk of transmission of blood borne and other
pathogens from both recognised and unrecognised
sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions
which are to be used,as a minimumin the care of all
patients.
Standarad safety precautions are the basic infection
prevention and control measures.

4. WHAT IS STANDARAD SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
 The tenets of standarad precautions are that all
patients are colonized or infected with
microorganism,whether or not there are signs or
symptoms and that a uniform level of should be used
in the care of all patients.

5.  The elements of standarad precautions include;-
 Hand hygiene
 Use of gloves and other barriers eg-mask and gown
 Handling of patient care equipment and linen

6.  Enviromental control
 Prevention of injury from sharpes,devices and patient
equipment
 Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette.

7. HAND HYGIENE
 Hand hygiene is a major elements of standarad precautions
and one of the most effective methods to prevent
transmission of pathogens associated with health care.
 Hand hygiene is considered an imp practice in reducing the
transmission of infectious agents which causes HAIS.

8.  Effective hand washing requires at least 15 sec of
vigrous scrubbing with special attention to the area
around nail beds and between fingers where there is
high bacterial burden.
 If hands are not visibly soiled,health care providers are
strongly encouraged to use alcohol-based antiseptic
agents.

9. HAND DECONTAMINATION WITH
ALCOHOL BASED PRODUCT
 After contact with body fluids ,excretions mucous
membranes maintained skin or wound dressings as
long hands are not visibly soiled.
 After contact with inaminate vicinity
 Before obtaining sterile gloves when insecting central
catheters
 After removing gloves

10. PATIENT PLACEMENT AND
TRANSPORT
 Health care worker transporting a patient with
transmissible infections should contain the site of
infection .
 Eg-apply a dressing over a surgical site infection and
offer a surgical mask for a coughing patient

11. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
 A measures to contain respiratory secretions in
patients and accompanying individuals who have signs
and symptoms of a respiratory infection.
 Cover the mouthnose when coughing or sneezing
 Use and dispose of tissues
 Perform hand hygiene

12. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS[PPE]
 All health care practioner should wear PPE
 To stop the spread of infection
 Protect their own health
 Protect their clients health
 Protect their families health
 Protect communities health

13. TYPES OF PPE USED IN HOSPITAL
 GOWNS
 MASKS
 GOGGLES
 GLOVES
 SHOE COVERS
 HAIR COVERS

14. USES
 MASK
 Protect from inhalation of infectious aerosals or agents
eg;-myobacterium tuberculosis
 They all several types of mask to prevent the spread of
infectious disease

15. GOWNS
Protects skin or clotting
Helps to maintain sterility
HAIR COVERS
Prevent uncessary contamination
of wounds due to foreign body.

16. GLOVES
 Protects hand there by reducing the risk of self
infectionand cross infection.
 It is imp to select right sized gloves to provide
protection from infectious agents.
 Work from clean to dirty

17. GOGGLES
 Goggle or face shield protect the mucus membrane of
the eyes,nose and mouth during situations where
blood ,body fluids ,secretions may splash or spray.

18. HAND WASHING
 When hands are visibly dirty or contaminated with
biologic material from patient care
 When health care workers do not tolerate waterless
alcohol product.
MEDICAL HANDWASHING
Hand washing is an imp method in controlling and
preventing the spread of infection.
It will help to prevent nosocomial infection
It will protect the nurses and all health workers

20. PURPOSE
 remove all other transient microorganisms from nails
,hands and for arms
 To prevent transfer of micro-organisms from one place
to another
 To maintain sterlity

21. EQUIPMENT
 Soapantimicrobial solution
 Warm running water
 Towel
 Nail brush
procedure
 Remove all jewellery from hands,wrist watch and roll up the sleeves
 Keep finger nails short and inspect surface of hands for cuts
 Stand away from sink
 Turn on the tap and adjust the flow of water
 Wet hands and for arms keep hands lower than elbow during washing
 Apply soap as per availability

22.  Follow 7 steps of effective hand washing
 Rinse hands and wrist throughly keeping hands down
and elbow up.
 Dry hands throughly with paper towel
 Discard the paper or sterile towel
 Turn off water supply using paper towel.

23. PERFORMING A SURGICAL SCRUB
 Definition
 Surgical handwashing is a procedure by which dirt and
microorganisms are destroyed and removed from hands
and fingers by chemical and mechanical friction.
purpose
 To remove the dirt and transient microgramis from hands
 To reduce the risk of transmission of microorganism to
patients
 To prevent iatrogenic infections

25. EQUIPMENTS
 Soapantiseptic detergents
 Running warm water
 Nail brush in antiseptic solution
 Towels
 Mask and cap
 procedure
 Ensure that the nails are short remove artificial nails if any
 Remove jewellery of any type
 Turn on water using kneefoot elbow
 Wet hands and arms under running water and lather with
soap 5 cm above the elbow

26.  Use circular movements to wash palms back of hands
,wrists for arms and interdigital spaces for 20-25 sec
 Rinse hands and arms throughly under running water
 Clean and scrub nails of each hands with 15 strokes
using antimicrobial agent
 Scrub from wrist to 5 cm above each elbows that is
lower arm ,upper forearm and anticuboidal forca to
marginal area above elbows.

27.  Rinse hands from fingertips to elbow
 Take care not to touch the tap or slides of the sink
during the procedure
 Use a sterile towel to dry one hand moving from finger
to elbows
 Repeat drying of the other hand using a different towel
 Discard the towel

28. HAIR COVERS
 Procedure
 Open the hair cover
 Put the hair cap in such a way that no hairs are
hanging outside the cap
 Make sure that it covers ears and earings

29. DONNING OF MASK
 Mask help to prevent airborne transmission of
microrganism. It protects both the patient and wearer
from inhaling microorganism which are exhaled.
PURPOSE
 To prevent spread of droplet infection to and from the
patient

30. PROCEDURE
 Hold mask by top strings and cover nose and mouth
 Tie top strings at back of head
 Tie lower strings around the neck and there should be
no gap between face and mask
 Pinch upper portion of the mask around the nose

31. GOGGLES OF FACE SHIELD
 These are tight fitting eye protection that completely
cover the eyes and facial area.
 purpose
 they provide protection from droplet spread
 they provide protection from splashes
 procedure
 Position goggles over eyes and secure to head using the
ear pieces of head bands
 Position face shield over face and secure on brow with
head band
 Adjust for fit comfortably

32. GOWNING
 Gowns are worn during procedure to maintain sterility
of area and to protect the clothes of medical
professionals from contaminants.
 Sterile gown is considered to be sterile from upto to
the operating tablke level
purpose
 To maintain sterile field and to prevent contamination
during procedures

33. PROCEDURE
 the sterile gown is folded inside out with the colter
protruding at the center of one end.pick the gown and hold
at from collar.
 Hold it away from yourself and let it unfold freely without
touching surrounding.
 Note the inside and put each hand in the position of
sleeves
 Expand the hands upwards with putting the gown
 The ot assistant or circulating nurse will first tie the neck
and shoulder and then wrist with out touching the sterile
gown.

34. GLOVING
 Donning of a pair of sterile gloves to protect ones
hands from pathogenic microorganisms and to aviod
contamination of a sterile area by hands.
purpose
 to maintain sterlity during procedures and prevent the
contamination from microorganisms

35. ARTICLES
 Soap
 Running water
 Nail brush
 Towel
 Pair of sterile gloves

36. PROCEDURE
 After performing surgical scrub dry hands with sterile
towel
 The ot assistant carefully removes the outer package of
gloves
 The scrubbed nurse carefully pull out inner gloves
pack and keep it on clean,flat surface
 Open the inner package ,glove the dominant hand just
using thumb and just two fingers of non dominant
hands.touch only the inner surface of gloves

37.  Make sure that glove properly just in dominant hand
 After putting gloves in dominant hand put hand under
cuff of other gloves and put it non-dominant hand
 Interlock the fingers of gloves and hands

38. AFTER CARE
 After the removal of personal protective equipments
discard immediately and properly in proper recepticals
 This prevents the contamination of clean area
MUST DO
 Always remember to perform hand hygiene
immediately after removal of personal protective
equipments.

39. CONCLUSION
 After completing the presentation on the standarad
safety precautions ,I came to know about the
defination of standarad safety precautions its purposes
and importance in the hospital settings
 I also came to know the correct procedures of
handwashing,gloving ,gowning etc

40. BIBILOGRAPHY
 Fundamentals of nursing for bsc nursing students by
celestina fransis –kritika misva page no ;-387-393
 Nursing foundation for post bsc nursing by suman
kumar
 Clinical nursing procedures;The art of nursing practice
3rd edition -annama jacob