The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used to prevent the spread of diseases like COVID-19. It defines standard safety measures and PPE, which includes face shields, gloves, gowns, masks, and shoe covers. The key steps for properly donning and doffing PPE like gowns and masks are outlined. Guidelines for disposing of used PPE from COVID-19 isolation wards according to biomedical waste rules are also provided.

1. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT

2. INTRODUCTION
 As per the WHO, Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses,
some causing illness in people and others that circulate among
animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal
coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread
between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS.
 The outbreak of Novel coronavirus disease (now named COVID-
19) was initially noticed from a seafood market in Wuhan city in
Hubei Province of China in mid-December, 2019.

3. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

4. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
OR
STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES

5.  Standard safety measures are the minimum infection
prevention practices that should be used in the care of all
patients all of the time.
 “Standard safety measures are a set of infection control or
prevention practices used to prevent transmission of
diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body
fluids, non-intact skin( including rashes), and mucous
membranes.”

6. ELEMENTS OF STANDARD SAFETY MEASURES

7. HAND HYGIENE/ HAND
WASHING
Hands are the most common vehicle of
transmission of organisms.

8. DEFINITION
Hand washing or hand hygiene is the act of cleaning one’s
hands with or without the use of water or another liquid, or
with the use of soap for the purpose of removing soil, dirt,
and/or micro-organisms.

9. PURPOSE
 To remove transient and resident microorganism from
fingers, hands and forearms.
 To prevent risk of transmission of infection to patients.
 To reduce the risk of infection to oneself.
 To prevent cross infection among clients.

10. INDICATION FOR HAND HYGIENE
 When hands are visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled,
wash with plain soap and water.
If hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based
handrub for routinely decontaminating hands.

11. CONTI…

12. TYPES OF HAND WASHING
Methods Agent Purpose Area Duration
Routine
hand wash
plain-soap and
water
remove soil and
transient micro-
organisms
all surface
of the
hand and
fingers
40-60
seconds
Antiseptic
hand wash
water and anti-
microbial soap
(e.g.
chlorhexidine,
chloroxylenol)
remove or destroy
transient
microorganisms and
reduce resident flora
40-60
seconds
Antiseptic
hand rub
Alcohol-based
hand rub
remove or destroy
transient
microorganisms and
reduce resident flora
20-30
seconds
Surgical
Antisepsis
water and anti-
microbial soap
remove or destroy
transient
microorganisms and
reduce resident flora
Hands
and
forearms
2-6
minutes

13. STEPS OF HANDWASHING

14. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
PPE is precautionary step to protect the
health care worker and people around
them.

15. DEFINITION
 “Personal protective equipment is specialized clothing or
equipment worn by an employee for protection against
dangerous or infectious materials.”
- Occupational safety and health administration

16. FACTORS INFLUENCING PPE SELECTION
Types of anticipated
exposure
Durability and
appropriateness of
the PPE for the task
Fitting

17. COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Face & eye protection: face
shield and goggles
Respiratory protection:
masks/ respirator
Gloves
Skin protection or clothing:
coverall/gowns
Shoe covers
Head covers

18. FACE & EYE PROTECTION: FACE SHIELD &
GOGGLES
Put on face shield: place face shield over face and eyes and
adjust to fit. It should be snug, but not too tight.
Remove face shield:
 Consider the outside of face shield contaminated.
 Remove the face shield from
the back by lifting the head band.
 Place in designated area for
cleaning after doffing process
complete.

19. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: MASKS
 . There are two types of masks :
1. Triple layer medical mask:
 A triple layer medical mask is a disposable mask, fluid-
resistant; provide protection to the wearer from droplets of
infectious material emitted during coughing/sneezing and
talking.
2. N-95 respirator mask:
 An N-95 respirator mask is a respiratory protective device
that filters out 95% of airborne particles but is not resistant
to oil.

20.  Put on N-95
 Remove surgical mask/ respirator

21. GLOVES
 Gloves are examples of personal protective equipment
that are used to protect the wearer and/or the patient
from the spread of infection or illness during medical
procedures and examinations.

22. DONNING OF GLOVES

23. DOFFING OF GLOVES

24. SKIN PROTECTION OR CLOTHING:
COVERALL/GOWNS
 Coverall/gowns are
designed to protect torso of
healthcare providers from
exposure to virus.
 Coveralls/gowns have
stringent standards that
extend from preventing
exposure to biologically
contaminated solid
particles to protecting from
chemical hazards.

25. CONTI…
 There are 3 factors influencing the selection of a gown
or apron:
Factors influencing
GOWN selection
The
purpos
e of
use
The material
properties of
the gown
Patient risks and
whether a clean,
rather than a
sterile gown, can
be used.

26. Putting on Gown Taking off Gown

27. SHOE COVERS
Shoe covers should be made up of impermeable fabric to be
used over shoes to facilitate personal protection and
decontamination.

28. HEAD COVERS
 Coveralls usually cover the head.
Those using gowns should use a
head cover that covers the head
and neck while providing clinical
care for patients.
 Hair and hair extensions should fit
inside the head cover that prevent
the possible contamination of
sterile field and also protect the
health care worker from possible
infections.

29. SEQUENCE FOR PUTTING ON PPE
Gown
Mask or
respirator
Goggles
or face
shield
Gloves

30. SEQUENCE OF REMOVING PPE
Gloves
Goggles
or face
sheild
Gown
Mask or
respirator

31. DONNING AND DOFFING OF PPE
Donning (Putting on the
gear)
 Identify and gather the
proper PPE to done.
 Perform hand hygiene
using hand sanitizer.
 Put on isolation gown.
 Put on NIOSH-
approved N95
respirator.
 Put on face shield or
goggles.
 Put on gloves.

32. Doffing (taking off the
gear)
 Remove gloves.
 Remove face shield or
goggles.
 Remove gown.
 HCP may now exit
patient room.
 Perform hand hygiene.
 Remove and discard
respirator.
 Perform hand hygiene
after removing the
respirator/facemask.

33. CPCB GUIDELINES FOR DISPOSAL OF PPE
 As per CPCB guidelines, used
PPEs like face shields, goggles,
hazmet suits, plastic coverall,
used masks, head cover, shoe
cover etc. generated from
COVID-19 isolation wards at
healthcare facilities shall be
segregated and sent to common
facilities for disposal as per bio-
medical waste management
rules, 2016.

34.  Guidelines for covid-19 isolation ward

35.  Keep separate color coded bins (with foot operated
lids)/bags/containers in wards and maintain proper
segregation of waste as per BMWM Rules, 2016
 Use a dedicated collection bin labelled as “COVID-19”
to store COVID-19 waste
 The (inner and outer) surface containers/bins/trolleys
used for storage of COVID-19 waste should be
disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution
daily.

36. CONTI..