This document discusses survey methodology and describes various aspects of conducting surveys. It defines what a survey is and notes that surveys collect large amounts of data using questionnaires. Surveys are used to make statistical inferences about populations and include aspects like questionnaires, interviewers, and methods to improve response rates. The document also describes different types of surveys, conditions for effective surveys, steps in conducting surveys, and considerations for analysis and reporting of survey results.
Market research plays a crucial role in a business’s success and growth and is an important aspect of starting a new business or developing a new product or even getting to know about your competition. Let's learn it's importance in marketing management and 7 steps of market research process.
Market research plays a crucial role in a business’s success and growth and is an important aspect of starting a new business or developing a new product or even getting to know about your competition. Let's learn it's importance in marketing management and 7 steps of market research process.
What is research
Meaning of Research
Types of research
Management problem v/s. research problem
Research Process
Research applications in business decisions
Features of good research study.....
With the help of this powerpoint presentation, Ken Mease, discusses the advantages of various types of data sources and collection methods, including archival and secondary data, survey data, quantitative and qualitative approaches and data, and finally de jure and de facto information. The presentation was held at the Workshop on Governance Assessment Methods and Applications of Governance Data in Policy-Making (June 2009)
In this presentation, we will discuss the importance of information and need to be aware of information brought by good researches. Methods to evaluate value of information, data collection, selection of data and types of researches are also presented here.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
What is research
Meaning of Research
Types of research
Management problem v/s. research problem
Research Process
Research applications in business decisions
Features of good research study.....
With the help of this powerpoint presentation, Ken Mease, discusses the advantages of various types of data sources and collection methods, including archival and secondary data, survey data, quantitative and qualitative approaches and data, and finally de jure and de facto information. The presentation was held at the Workshop on Governance Assessment Methods and Applications of Governance Data in Policy-Making (June 2009)
In this presentation, we will discuss the importance of information and need to be aware of information brought by good researches. Methods to evaluate value of information, data collection, selection of data and types of researches are also presented here.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)AKak Long
DEFINITION : Quantitative research, is defined as a the systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
Quantitative research gathers information from existing and potential customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys, online polls, questionnaires etc., the results of which can be depicted in the form of numericals.
After careful understanding of these numbers to predict the future of a product or service and make changes accordingly.
Described as the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer research questions, test hypothesis and evaluate outcome.
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Helps us search for answers and resolutions
Facilitates and improve decision-making processes and the quality of the decisions made.
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. Survey research
The collection of data attained by asking individuals questions by either in person, on paper, by phone or online.
2. Correlational research
Measures two variables, understand assess the statistical relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable.
3. Casual-comparative research
To find relationship between independent and dependent variables after an action or event has already occurred.
4. Experimental research
Researcher manipulates one variables, and control/randomizes the rest of the variables.
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Survey
1. MED-2016-18
Descriptive Research-Survey
Compiled by: Dr. V. Singh
What is a Survey ?
A Survey collects information
Is a Census from all the population
Is a Poll if for political information
Is a Sample Survey if from just a sample of a population
INTRODUCTION
• Survey Research Methods are research procedures for collecting large amounts of raw data using
questionnaires.
• It is an effective tool for conducting marketing research.
A field of applied statistics, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population
and the
associated survey data collection techniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for
improving the
number and accuracy of responses to surveys.
Statistical surveys are undertaken with a view towards making statistical inferences about the population
being
studied, and this depends strongly on the survey questions used. Polls about public opinion, public health
surveys,
market research surveys, government surveys and censuses are all examples of quantitative research that
use
contemporary survey methodology to answer questions about a population. Although censuses do not
include a
"sample", they do include other aspects of survey methodology, like questionnaires, interviewers, and non
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2. MED-2016-18
response
follow-up techniques. Surveys provide important information for all kinds of public information and
research fields,
e.g., marketing research, psychology, health professionals and sociology.
A single survey is made of at least a sample (or full population in the case of a census), a method of data
collection (e.g., a
questionnaire) and individual questions or items that become data that can be analyzed statistically. A
single survey may
focus on different types of topics such as preferences (e.g., for a presidential candidate), opinions (e.g.,
should abortion be
legal?), behavior (smoking and alcohol use), or factual information (e.g., income), depending on its
purpose. Since survey
research is almost always based on a sample of the population, the success of the research is dependent on
the
representativeness of the sample with respect to a target population of interest to the researcher. That
target population can
range from the general population of a given country to specific groups of people within that country, to a
membership list of
a professional organization, or list of students enrolled in a school system (see also sampling (statistics) and
survey
sampling).
Survey methodology as a scientific field seeks to identify principles about the sample design, data
collection instruments,
statistical adjustment of data, and data processing, and final data analysis that can create systematic and
random survey
errors. Survey errors are sometimes analyzed in connection with survey cost. Cost constraints are
sometimes framed as
improving quality within cost constraints, or alternatively, reducing costs for a fixed level of quality.
Survey methodology is
both a scientific field and a profession, meaning that some professionals in the field focus on survey errors
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3. MED-2016-18
empirically and
others design surveys to reduce them. For survey designers, the task involves making a large set of
decisions about
thousands of individual features of a survey in order to improve it.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys
There is a distinction between one-time (cross-sectional) surveys, which involve a single questionnaire or
interview
administered to each sample member, and surveys which repeatedly collect information from the same
people over time.
The latter are known as longitudinal surveys. Longitudinal surveys have considerable analytical advantages
but they are
also challenging to implement successfully.
Consequently, specialist methods have been developed to select longitudinal samples, to collect data
repeatedly, to keep
track of sample members over time, to keep respondents motivated to participate, and to process and
analyse longitudinal
survey data
Conditions for a Survey
• Answer the Objectives
• Be Unbiased, Accurate
• Be Generalizable
• Be Ethical
• Be Economical
Before a Survey
• Define the Questions to be answer.
• Define the Sampling strategy.
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4. MED-2016-18
• Design and Test the Questionnaire.
• Train the field workers.
• Define the technique for cross validation.
• Define the final Analysis.
During the Survey
- Verify and cross validate the Questionnaire
- Check Time table and Budget
After the Survey
- Crosscheck again all the data
- Perform the main analysis
- Perform any exploratory data analysis.
The Question
The first task is to clearly and concisely define the Main Question of interest as well as the Target
Population of
the study.
Define the Precision or Tolerated error of the estimates: 1% , 5%.
Are there any Nuisance factor to be accounted for, which ones are important?
Stratification
• Sample size proportional to strata size
• Equal sample sizes from all strata
• Sample size inversely proportional to strata variability.
Multiple Steps Sampling
Big Units
2nd Units
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5. MED-2016-18
Sampling
Units
Questionnaire
• Short and Concise
• Open Questions
• Multiple choice
• Yes/No
Internal Validity
How to check if the subject answers truthfully?
- Ask the same question twice?
Marital status
Spouse age
- Check frequency versus known data
External validity
Are the appropriate questions asked?
Are the questions understandable by all the subjects in the sample.
TYPES OF SURVEY METHODS
• 1.PERSON ADMINISTERD SURVEYS
• 2.TELEPHONE ADMINISTERED SURVEYS
• 3.SELF-ADMINISTERED SURVEYS
• 4.ONLINE SURVEYS
1. PERSON ADMINISTERED SURVEYS
PERSON
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8. MED-2016-18
Cohort
Panel
same same
same
same
new
new
During the Survey
• Collect questionnaires daily.
• Check yesterday questionnaires for missing or
invalid answers.
• Re-interview invalid questionnaires
The Report
• List of Objectives.
• Objectives achieved.
• Sample size estimated.
• Response rate in the sample.
• Main Statistical Analysis.
• Results with significance or Confidence
Interval of estimators.
• Statistical Power of the tests performed.
• Results of the Exploratory Data Analysis
Conclusion
page 8 / 9
9. MED-2016-18
There are various survey methods used for the purpose of conducting research. These should be
convenient
for both the interviewer as well as the respondents, to get the best result.
The factors should be properly evaluated while selecting an appropriate survey method.
There are various kinds of errors such as sampling, non-sampling, respondent errors etc & these should
be
properly dealt with for effective results.
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