This document discusses waves and the electromagnetic spectrum. It defines a wave as the transfer of energy through a medium without transferring matter. There are two main types of waves - transverse waves, where the medium moves perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, and longitudinal waves, where the medium moves parallel to the direction of energy transfer. The document also discusses key wave properties like wavelength, frequency, velocity, amplitude, reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and resonance.

1. Waves & the EM Spectrum

2. A. Wave – a transfer of energy

4. a. In a wave, molecules pass energy on to neighboring molecules

6. b. Waves don’t transport matter

7. c. All waves are produced by something that vibrates

8. d. A material through which a wave travels is a medium . i. It can be solid, liquid, or gas .

9. Not all waves need a medium through which to travel. ii. What is an example of this type of wave?

11. B. Mechanical waves need a medium to travel. They cannot travel through empty space.

12. Do sound waves travel faster through gases or liquids?

15. Sound Waves through Gas

16. Try this: Smack your hand down on your desk. It’s pretty loud, huh? Now, lay your head down on your desk and smack again. Any louder? WHY?

17. Greek Theatre Design

18. Mechanical waves can only travel through a medium.

19. a. Transverse wave – matter is displaced at right angles as energy is transferred

22. Example: Water waves

24. b. Longitudinal Wave – Matter is displaced in the same direction as the energy is transferred

27. Example: Sound Waves

28. a. They carry different amounts of energy

29. b. They travel at different speeds

31. Doppler Effect

33. MythBusters

34. i. Transverse -

35. ii. Longitudinal -

36. B. Wavelength – distance between a point on a wave and the nearest point just like it SI Unit: m

37. C. Frequency – Number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in one second SI Unit: Hz

38. b. As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.

39. D. Wave Velocity – how fast the wave travels a. Velocity = wavelength x frequency SI Unit: m/s

40. b. Light vs. Sound

41. c. Sound waves travel faster in:

42. d. Light waves travel faster in:

43. E. Amplitude – measure of energy in a wave

44. vs. a. The more energy a wave carries, the greater the amplitude.

45. b. Amplitude of transverse wave:

46. c. Amplitude of longitudinal waves:

47. A. Reflection occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off of it.

48. a. All types of waves can be reflected

50. b.

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58. B Refraction is the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed.

63. a. The greater the change in speed is, the more the wave bends. Wave Refraction

64. C. Diffraction is when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it.

66. Diffraction

67. D. Interference – the ability of two or more waves to combine and form a new wave

68. a. Waves add together

69. b. Waves subtract from each other

71. E. Resonance – the ability of any object to vibrate by absorbing energy at its natural frequency

72. Wine Glass Resonance

73. The End

76. Helpful reminders for the test: Differences b/w experimental variables (Ind, Dep, Constant, Control) Understand velocity & acceleration Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Plotting Ind. & Dep. Variables Energy