This document discusses different types of waves. It defines a wave as a vibratory disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space. There are two main types of waves: transverse waves, which move the medium perpendicular to the direction of travel, and longitudinal waves, where vibrations are parallel to the direction of travel. The properties that characterize waves include amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. The relationship between these properties is described by the equations relating speed, wavelength, and frequency.

2. A wave is a vibratory disturbance
through a material (medium) or
space.
Waves transfer energy without
transferring mass.

3. No medium required.
Travel at the speed of light .
c = 3 x 108 m/s
Examples: visible light, x-rays, infrared rays

4. MECHANICHAL WAVES
Require a medium ex. Sound, water, waves in
springs.
• Longitudinal waves
Examples - sound, seismic s-waves
• Transverse waves
Examples: light, seismic p-waves, water

5. TRANSVERSE WAVES
 Waves that move the medium at right angles
to the direction in which the waves are
traveling .

6. CREST AND TROUGH
Crest: A point on the wave where the displacement of
the medium is at maximum.
Trough: A point on the wave where the displacement
of the medium is minimum.

7. LONGITUDINAL WAVES
 Longitudinal waves have vibrations moving in
the same direction that the wave is travelling
in.

8. COMPRESSSION AND
RAREFRACTION
Compression: A region in a longitudinal waves
where the particles are closest together.
Rarefraction: A region in a longitudinal wave where
particles are farthest apart.

9. PROPERTIES OF WAVES
 Amplitude
 Frequency
 Speed
 wavelength

10. AMPLITUDE
 Maximum distance the particles of the
medium carrying the wave move away from
their rest positions.
 Amplitude of a transverse wave is the
maximum distance the medium moves up or
down from its rest position.
 Amplitude of a longitudinal wave is a
measure of how compressed or rarefied the
medium becomes.

11. WAVELENGTH
 A wave travels a certain distance before it
starts to repeat. The distance between two
corresponding parts of a wave is its
wavelength.
 Transverse measure from crest to crest or
trough to trough.
 Longitudinal measure from one compression
to the next.

13. The number of complete waves that pass a given
point in a certain amount of time.
Frequency measured in hertz

14. SPEED, WAVE LENGTH &
FREQUENCY
 The speed, wavelength, and frequency of a
wave are related to each other by a
mathematical formula.
 Speed = wavelength x frequency
 Frequency = speed/wavelength
 Wavelength = speed/frequency