The document summarizes information about wood, including its properties, uses, and processing. It discusses how wood is obtained from trees and processed. Key steps include felling trees, removing branches and bark, cutting the wood, and drying it. Wood has properties like being hygroscopic, a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and varying in hardness between species. Derivatives like plywood, chipboard, and fiberboard are also mentioned. Common woodworking tools are outlined for cutting, fixing, measuring, smoothing, drilling, splitting, and finishing wood.

1. Technology Department I.E.S. El Molinillo Guillena Materials for Technical Use : Wood

2. Wood Historical Introduction: Wood is a natural material. Wood and stone were the first materials that man used. Wood is used to light a fire, to make weapons, to build houses, etc. Some of these things are used today.

3. The Tree’s Trunk Wood Bark: the outer trunk´s part. It is a protector of the trunk. . Medullary Rays: they are cracks from the center outwards . Medulla: the inner trunk´s part. Heartwood: the best quality part. Sapwood: part of the trunk with life. It´s the youngest part of the wood. Its colour is light. It has a lot of sap.

4. Wood Obtaining Wood We can extract wood from a tree that is not too young or too old, it depends on the different species To extract wood we follow these steps: Cut down the trees Transport Clean the branches and the bark Cut the wood Dry it Distribution Life rings let us know tree´s age. The clearest rings belong to spring and the darkest ones belong to autumn.

5. To Cut Trees. Wood The tools to cut trees were the axe and the hand saw. The tools used today are the chainsaw and big machines that cut and raise the trunk quickly. The trees are cut in the winter, because they have less sap.

6. Wood To Cut Trees. It is necessary to plant trees again to have wood in the future. This prevents deforestation.

7. Cleaning the trunks Wood Today the trunks are transported by big lorries. From the beginning the trunks were transported by the rivers ´ flow. Transportation First the trees are cut down and then the branches and the bark are cut.

8. To cut the wood Wood The tools to cut the wood are: traditionally circular saws and today big electrical machines or machines with engines. The trunks go to the sawmill. Here the worker marks the lines to cut the wood. This woodcutter makes planks, boards, beams, etc.

9. The distribution of wood Wood Drying the wood After cutting the wood, It´s necesary to dry in order to evaporate the sap and the water. The wood is stacked to allow air to flow. It is faster with hot air. The cured wood is taken to the factories.

10. Properties of wood Wood The wood is hygroscopic . The wood is a bad conductor of electricity and heat. So the wood is a good insulator. Most wood has medium density (<1000 Kg/m3),except some like the ebony and other tropical wood. There is very soft wood like that of poplar trees or balsa and very hard like oak or ebony. The wood has good mechanical endurance in parallel direction to the fibres and less mechanical resistance in perpendicular direction to the fibres. Durability : there is wood that is very resistant to fungus and parasites like walnut, mahogany…and there is other wood less durable like pines and eucalyptus.

11. Some interesting web links: Wood´s Web (ES) Wood´s Kinds (ES) Wood in Kalipedia (ES) Wood´s Kinds 2 (EN) Wood´s Kinds 3 (EN) Wood Types of wood: The most common classification of wood is : Soft wood : resinous and evergreen trees, they are easy to work with (pine, fir, poplar…) Hard wood: deciduous trees like oak , walnut, ebony,…

12. Wood Types of wood: Exercise : make a Power Point or an Impress presentation with the different kinds of wood . You must show the main properties and applications of every one. Below you can see an example in Spanish.

13. Wood Wood Derivatives Artificial Boards: Cheaper than natural wood. Completely flat and smooth. Bigger size than natural wood. Will not rot and it´s termite resistant. Plywoods: Made with wood sheets with perpendicular fibers and are stuck together. These boards always have an uneven number of sheets.

14. Wood Wood Derivatives Chipboards: Made with glued and pressed wood shavings. We can paste plastic or natural wood sheets together to get a best finish quality. Fiber Boards: We can get them from wood fibers pressed together by high pressure and glued by synthetic resin (DM) or natural resin (tablex).

15. Wood Wood Derivatives Paper: Resistant Enduring Hygroscopic Light Heat insulator Electric insulator. Cardboard: Obtained from a thick sheet of pulp paper. Light and resistant. Used in packaging.

16. Woodworking Wood To cut To fix To measure and to mark To smooth To drill To split To finish

17. Woodworking Tools: To measure and to mark To fix Compass Flexometer Square Vise, bar clamp and C-clamp. Wood

18. To cut Hand Tools: Rip saw, backsaw and hacksaw. Power Tools: circular saw, jigsaw and table saw. Wood Woodworking : Tools

19. Wood Machining Woodturning Router/Milling Machine Gouges Router bits to mill Wood Woodworking : Tools

20. To smooth Rasps: with different sections. Sandpaper Electric sander Wood Woodworking : Tools

21. To drill Wood Woodworking : Tools Wood auger Hand drill Drill bits Electric drill

22. To split Nailing Screwing Hammer Screws Wood Woodworking: Tools Screwdrivers Powered screwdriver

23. To split Gluing Paste Wood Woodworking : Tools

24. Finishing Varnishing Waxing Painting Wood Woodworking : Tools