This document provides information about various types of wood and timber. It discusses hardwoods which come from broad-leaf deciduous trees like oak. It also discusses softwoods which come from coniferous trees that do not lose their leaves. Softwood is used widely in construction. Manufactured boards like plywood and MDF are also described, which are made from gluing wood layers or fibers together. The document also covers wood properties, classifications, elements of a tree, defects in timber, and uses of different wood types.
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
Timbers: Varieties of Indian timber, Characteristics and suitability
for different uses, Defects in timber, Diseases and decay in timber, Preservation and
Seasoning, Veneers, Fiber boards, Block boards
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
Timbers: Varieties of Indian timber, Characteristics and suitability
for different uses, Defects in timber, Diseases and decay in timber, Preservation and
Seasoning, Veneers, Fiber boards, Block boards
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
definition of timber, defects, sources of timber, seasoning of timber, components of timbers
classification of timber, advantages of timber, disadvantages of timber.
UNDERSTANDING ABOUT TIMBER AND ITS USES AS BUILDING MATERIALS AND DEFECTS IN TIMER, SEASONING OF TIMBER
http://www.youtube.com/c/beaCIVILEngineergovindsir_onlineclasses
The process of removal of moisture content from wood, so as to make it useful for construction and other uses, is called drying of wood or seasoning of wood.
types of seasoning in wood
artificial seasoning of wood
how to season firewood quickly
chemical seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber
wood seasoning process
types of seasoning of timber
different types of seasoning wood
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
air seasoning wood
types of seasoning in wood
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
natural seasoning timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
disadvantages of artificial seasoning
seasoning defects in timber
kiln seasoning of timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
methods of seasoning timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
louisiana shrimp boil seasoning
seafood boil seasoning ingredients
seafood boil seasoning mix recipe
homemade seafood boil seasoning recipe
seafood boil seasoning
shrimp boil seasoning mix recipe
louisiana crawfish boil seasoning recipe
homemade crab boil seasoning
types of seasoning in wood
air seasoning wood
wood seasoning process
seasoning wood for burning
seasoning ash wood
artificial seasoning of wood
seasoning wood for woodworking
different types of seasoning wood
slide share
slideshare ppt
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
definition of timber, defects, sources of timber, seasoning of timber, components of timbers
classification of timber, advantages of timber, disadvantages of timber.
UNDERSTANDING ABOUT TIMBER AND ITS USES AS BUILDING MATERIALS AND DEFECTS IN TIMER, SEASONING OF TIMBER
http://www.youtube.com/c/beaCIVILEngineergovindsir_onlineclasses
The process of removal of moisture content from wood, so as to make it useful for construction and other uses, is called drying of wood or seasoning of wood.
types of seasoning in wood
artificial seasoning of wood
how to season firewood quickly
chemical seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber
wood seasoning process
types of seasoning of timber
different types of seasoning wood
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
air seasoning wood
types of seasoning in wood
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
natural seasoning timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
disadvantages of artificial seasoning
seasoning defects in timber
kiln seasoning of timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
methods of seasoning timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
louisiana shrimp boil seasoning
seafood boil seasoning ingredients
seafood boil seasoning mix recipe
homemade seafood boil seasoning recipe
seafood boil seasoning
shrimp boil seasoning mix recipe
louisiana crawfish boil seasoning recipe
homemade crab boil seasoning
types of seasoning in wood
air seasoning wood
wood seasoning process
seasoning wood for burning
seasoning ash wood
artificial seasoning of wood
seasoning wood for woodworking
different types of seasoning wood
slide share
slideshare ppt
This is an initial pitch for Pocket Hotline, a mobile app that connects people with critical questions to on-demand experts. This was developed by Chap Ambrose and Scott Magee while attending the Austin Center for Design (ac4d.com).
The terms “hardwood” and “softwood” are often misleading because they have no direct relation to the actual physical hardness or softness of the wood, so that a hardwood may actually be softer than a softwood.
TIMBER -
AN INTEGRAL PART OF OUR DAY TO DAY LIVES
TIMBER ITS DEFECTS, SEASONING AND USAGE IS DISCUSSED IN HERE WITH APPROPRIATE PICTURES MAKING IT QUITE SELF UNDERSTANDABLE
CERAMIC AND SCULPTURE WORKSHOPSite Visit ReportAbhishek Mewada
CLAY: Natural rock or soil which is fine grained and contain silica , alumina , organic matter.
Types : Earthenware , Stoneware, Porcelain.
CLAYBODY : Consist of different materials like silica , clay , fluxes , grog.
Types : Earthenware , Stoneware , Porcelain.
Vastupurusa
For the basis of Hindú architecture often reference is made to Vastupurusa or “the spirit of the site”. One legend explains this as follows. There was an evil demigod (bhuta) who was born during Siva’s fight with the Asur Andhaka. This bhuta possessed a terrifying countenance and an insatiable hunger. The legend goes that having done great penance, the bhuta won a boon from Siva that allowed him to swallow the three worlds that constitute the Hindu cosmos. As this being stretched himself and began to occupy the heavens, he fell flat on the earth. The various gods and demigods seized this opportunity and pinned various parts of his body to the ground, rendering him helpless. This being came to be called Vast (or Vastupurusa) because the gods and demigods managed to lodge themselves on his body. Legends hold that the deities, in pinning him down, occupied different parts of his body and continued to reside there (Figure1). In order to satisfy his hunger, Brahma ordained that he receive offerings from people on building sites before construction. The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved, texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or nadis) of the purusa.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
Excellent Jain architecture and sculpture can be seen in their Stupas and rock-cut caves found in Mathura, Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa cave temples. A number of rock-cut caves have been discovered in Udaigiri and Khandagiri, twin hills in Puri District of Orissa and in Ellora in Maharashtra.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
1. INTERIOR MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY- 1
S E M 01
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
S.E.M.- 01
2. Wood
Task – name 10 objects made of wood that is in close proximity to you.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
3. Wood
Can you name any types of wood?
pine, oak, ash, teak, mahogany, maple, rose wood, beech, Babul,
Bamboo, walnut, cherry, zebrawood, balsa, Deodar, Sal…….
pine oak beech walnut maple zebrawood mahogany ash
Can you think of words that describe wood?
warm, smooth, strong, flexible, strong, hard, soft, rough, ….
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
warm, smooth, strong, flexible, strong, hard, soft, rough, ….
4. Introduction
• Derived from the word timberian , that means to build
• Denotes wood which is suitable for building or carpentry.
• Three terms to be known in connection to the timber.
– Converted timber: sawn and cut into suitable commercial sizes.Converted timber: sawn and cut into suitable commercial sizes.
– Rough Timber: obtained after felling a tree
– Standing Timber: Timber contained in living tree
V l bl ti• Valuable properties:
» Low heat conductivity
» Ability to mechanical working
» Small bulk density
» High Strength
• Drawbacks• Drawbacks
» Decay
» Inflammability
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
» Fluctuation in properties due to changes in moisture
5. Classification
Trees
Exogenous
They increase in bulk by growing outward
and distinct consecutive rings are formed
every year in the horizontal section of the
Endogenous
They grow inwards and fibrous mass
is seen in their longitudinal section
e.g. bamboo, cane , palmy y
tree
g , , p
Conifers DeciduousConifers
-Also Known as ever green trees.
-Leaves do not fall till new one are
grown.
Deciduous
They increase in bulk by growing outward
and distinct consecutive rings are formed
every year in the horizontal section of the
treetree
Soft Wood
-Light colored
Resinous
Hard Wood
• Close grained
•Strong-Resinous
-Light in weight and weak
-Poor fire resistant
-Strong in direct pull and week for resisting
thrust or shear
Strong
•Heavy
•Dark colored
•Durable
•Non resinous
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
thrust or shear
-Eg. chir, devdar, fir, kail, pine spruce etc
Non resinous
•Do not show distinct annual rings
•Eg. Babul, mahogany, oak, sal , teak rose wood etc
6. Xylem
Th d ti
Sapwood
•The younger •The woody tissue
of a tree that
provides support
and conducts water
d i l
•The younger,
softer living portion
of wood between
the cambium and
heartwood and mineral
nutrients upward
from the roots
heartwood.
•Usually lighter in
color, more
permeable and less
durabledurable.
Annual Ring
Inner Bark
•A Layer of tissue
that carries food
g
•A Concentric layer
of wood produced
during a single
year’s growth of
that carries food
from the leaves to
the growing parts of
the tree.
•Also called year s growth of
temperate tree
•It is also known as
Growth ring.
•Also called
Phloem
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
7. Pith
Th i t
Bark
•The Tough •The innermost
central portion of a
tree is called pith or
medulla.
V i i i d
•The Tough
external covering of
a woody stem,
branch or root,
composed of a •Varies in size and
shape from tree to
tree.
•It is a soft part
b t hi h fi t
composed of a
living inner layer
called phloem and
an outer bark of
corky dead tissue about which first
growth takes place
in a newly formed
stem
corky, dead tissue.
Heartwood
•The older harder•The older harder ,
inactive core of a
tree, usually darker
denser and more
durable than thedurable than the
surrounding sap
wood
•They are the inner
annual rings
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
annual rings
•Imparts rigidity.
10. Identifications of Timber
• General Properties
Color a darker color in wood indicates greater durabilityColor – a darker color in wood indicates greater durability.
Odor – it is present only on freshly cut trees.
Hardness – is the ability of wood to withstand indentations causedy
by harder bodies.
Density – densest woods are generally the strongest.
G i D di th t l li t th i bGrain - Depending on the actual alignment, the grain may be
straight, spiral, interlocked, wavy or irregular.
Spiral Grainp
Interlocked Grain
Wavy Grain
Texture - In hardwoods, the texture depends upon the size and
distribution vessels and rays. In softwoods, it is determined by the
size and distribution of tracheid.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
11. Identifications of Timber
• Workability- the relative case in which wood is shaped cut andWorkability the relative case in which wood is shaped cut and
fastened together than the others.
• Warping- is the general term used to describe any variation from a true
surfacesurface.
• Moisture content- is a percentage of the mass of water over the mass
of wood fiber in a piece of timber.
• Specific Gravity- is the ratio found by dividing the weight of a
substance by the weight of an equal volume of pure water
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
12. Mechanical Properties
• Tensile Strength – Timber is stronger in tension along the rain but it’s
quite difficult to determine this because of the difficulties in conducting
test.
• Compressive Strength – The strength along the grain is important for
columns, props, and post.columns, props, and post.
• Shear Strength – Shear strength is important in the case of the beam
and slabs.
B di S h Thi f h h f h i b b• Bending Strength– This refers as the strength of the timber as a beam.
• Cleavability – High resistance for cleavage is important for nailing and
screwing while low splitting strength is important for used as firewood.g p g g p
• Torsion Strength – is used to determine the torsion strength of the
timber and the specimen is loaded up to failure.
H d i i t t i f ti b f i bl k fl i• Hardness – is important in case of timber for paving blocks flooring
bearings and other similar purposes.
• Stiffness - This property is important to determine the deflection of a
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
p p y p
timber under a load.
13. DEFECTS AND DECAY IN TIMBER
• CENTRE HEART/HEART SHAKES
• BOW
• KNOTS
• CUPPING
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
14. Defects in timber
Timber is a natural material that is prone to defects.
One of these is the tendency to split if it is put
under stress from rapid drying or de-lamination of
the growth ringsthe growth rings.
These defects are all known as ‘Shakes’
Upsets- are clipping or buckling of fibers caused
by crushing of fibers when the trunk is felled
violently over a rocky surface.
Wind Cracks- are shakes on the outside of a logWind Cracks are shakes on the outside of a log
due to the shrinkage of the exterior surface caused
by the atmospheric influences.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
15. KNOTS
Knots - are dark, hard pieces occurring as signs of branches broken or
cut offcut off.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
16. Shakes
•Shakes- or cracks are caused by the rupture of tissues resulting in partial
or complete separation of the fibers along the grain.
Star ShakesStar Shakes
Heart Shakes
Cups Shakesp
Ring Shakes
Radial Shakes
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
17. BOW
• Bow- a curvature of the timber in the direction of its length. This defects
are Due to Seasoning.g
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
18. CUPPING DEFECTS
• Cup- a curvature in the transverse direction of the timber. This defects
also are Due to Seasoning.g
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
19. Wood
TIMBER is the general name for wood materialsTIMBER is the general name for wood materials.
There are 3 main types of timber:
HARDWOOD• HARDWOOD
• SOFTWOOD
• MANUFACTURED BOARD
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
21. Hardwood
This type of timber is produced from broad leafThis type of timber is produced from broad leaf
trees that lose their leaves in winter – a
deciduous tree. The photograph opposite is of
an oak tree which grows in this countryan oak tree which grows in this country.
U O k i h d d d i d t kUses - Oak is a hardwood and is used to make
expensive furniture/flooring and strong framed
structures.
The term hardwood does not mean that the
timber is hard. For example balsa is used for
modelling, it is a hard wood but it is one of the
softest timbers to work with.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
Model aircraft made
from balsa
22. Hardwood
Mahogany – reddish in colour alwaysMahogany – reddish in colour, always
looks good when varnished or waxed.
Beech – creamy pinkish colour, its
close grain makes it very suitable forg y
kitchen utensils, as water does not
have too great an effect on it.
Task – Can you think of othery
uses of wood products in the
kitchen.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
24. Softwood
This type of timber is produced from trees that
Softwood
yp p
do not lose their leaves (coniferous).
Leaves are easily
identified as
being thin and
narrow.
Softwood trees grow much quicker than the
hardwood ones, they are therefore cheaper to
buy and far more available Softwood is usedbuy and far more available. Softwood is used
for construction of houses and furniture, and
outdoor uses such as fencing.
The term softwood does not mean that the
timber is soft as pitch pine is one of the mosttimber is soft , as pitch pine is one of the most
difficult timbers to work with, yet is a member of
this group
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
25. Uses of soft woods
Furniture Building
Construction
Packaging
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
26. Manufactured Products Of Timber
These are manmade boards, which are made by
gluing wood layers or wood fibers together.
Examples of manufactured boards are:
Plywood is a widely used manufactured timberPlywood is a widely used manufactured timber.
Can you think of advantages and disadvantages of
using plywood?using plywood?
The photograph opposite shows MDF sheets. What does
MDF t d f ? A th ht di it ?MDF stand for ? Any thoughts regarding its use ?
Manufactured board is mainly used for kitchen and
bedroom furniture and shelving.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
27. Manufactured Products Of Timber
• VENEERS
• LAMINATES
• PLYWOOD
• PARTICLE BOARD
• FIBER BOARDS• FIBER BOARDS
• BATTEN BOARDS : BLOCK BOARDS AND LAMINATED BOARDS
• VENEERS - Thin sheet of wood, 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm in
thickness obtained by different knife cutting process.
• PLYWOOD - is made by gluing together veneers.
• It has a good strength both across as well as• It has a good strength both across as well as
along the grain.
• Plywood has better splitting resistance due to grains in adjacent layers
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
y p g g j y
running at the right angle and nailing and screwing even closed to the
edges in safe.
28. Manufactured Products Of Timber
• PLYWOOD
• Can easily be bending to a curvature limited by
h il d h i h f hthe tensile and the compressive strength of the
other plies.
• The face piles made at different heartwoodsp
show great aesthetic variety in grain pattern and
color.
• PARTICLE BOARDS is a board manufactured• PARTICLE BOARDS - is a board manufactured
from particles of wood or other cellulose
materials.
• BATTEN BOARD – it is a board having a core
made up of strips of wood usually 8 cm wide
each laid separately or glued or otherwise joinedp y g j
to form a slab.
• BLOCK BOARD – these are boards having a
core made up strips of wood each not exceeding
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
core made up strips of wood each not exceeding
25 mm.
29. carve it…
you can ……
layer it …
y
Bend it …..
slot it together it …..
turn it …..
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
31. Decay of Timber
• Termites
• Beetles
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGNFlour like powder
32. Timber Seasoning
• Removal of moisture from timber so as to be in equilibrium with
moisture in surrounding atmospheric conditions where timber ismoisture in surrounding atmospheric conditions, where timber is
likely to be used, is called as seasoning.
• When timber is first felled it is known as green timber and has a very high
moisture content – approx 50%
• Before it can be used it must be dried• Before it can be used it must be dried
• If this process is not controlled properly defects can occur that can ruin
good timber
• Aim of seasoning is to dry out the wood to a suitable moisture content of
22% or less
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
33. OBJECTIVES OF SEASONING
• Seasoning improves following properties:
– Strengthg
– Durability
– Working qualities including polishing, painting, and gluing
– Resistance to attack of insects, fungusResistance to attack of insects, fungus
• Proper seasoning reduces tendency to split, shrink and warp.
• Seasoning reduces weight of timber and is easy to handle.
• Timber becomes fit to receive preservative & to finish like• Timber becomes fit to receive preservative & to finish like
preservatives, paints, and varnish treatment.
• To reduce weight and minimize cost of transportation.
• To make the timber burn readily if used as a fuel• To make the timber burn readily, if used as a fuel.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
34. TYPES OF SEASONING
• Natural Seasoning - is a slow process and the reduction in moisture
content to the desired level may not be attainable by air seasoningy y g
alone.
• Artificial or Kiln Seasoning - is a quicker method of seasoning timber t
the desired moisture content under highly controlled conditionsthe desired moisture content under highly controlled conditions.
• Electrical Seasoning - in this method high frequency alternate electric
current is passed through timber.
• Chemical Seasoning - If the outer layers of timbers are treated with
such solutions, the vapor pressure of the outer layers is reduced and a
vapor pressure gradient is set up.vapor pressure gradient is set up.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
35. ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER
• In terms of specific strength Timber can be used for both load bearing
structures and non-load bearing instruments.
• It can be easily converted to any shape and size.
• With the advent of superior adhesives and other forms of timber
connectorsconnectors.
• The wastage in timber construction is less because all wastes can be put
one use or the other.
• It has high resale and salvage value.
• Timber has better insulating properties than any other materials.
• Durability of timber can be very high if properly seasoned and• Durability of timber can be very high, if properly seasoned and
preserved.
• Timber constructions are light in weight.
• For aesthetic and decorative appearance.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
36. USES OF TIMBER AS A BUILDING MATERIAL
BEAMS• BEAMS
• TRUSSES
RAFTERS• RAFTERS
• JOISTS IN FLOORS
DOORS FRAME AND SHUTTERS• DOORS FRAME AND SHUTTERS
• WINDOWS FRAME AND SHUTTERS
STAIR CASES• STAIR CASES
• POLES
PILES• PILES
• COLUMNS
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
37. Before we use wood, what should we think about ?
Wood - sustainability considerations.
A tree absorbs CO2 as it grows and stores the
carbon as wood. When it reaches maturity it
stops absorbing extra carbon. Eventually, if not
cutdown, it will die and gradually give off CO2cutdown, it will die and gradually give off CO2
as it rots.
If it is cut down and the wood is used for products
such as furniture or buildings this locks
up the carbon in the timber for the lifetime of
the productthe product.
If the tree is replaced the new tree will start
absorbing more CO2.absorbing more CO2.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
38. Before we use wood, what should we think about?
Wood - sustainability considerations.
How does using wood affectg
Climate Change?
lid ti bIf you use solid timber there is very little
processing.
Energy is used to plant and then fellgy p
the trees, move them, saw and plane
the timber and then transport it.
The further it is transported the more
energy is used.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
39. Before we use wood, what should we think about?
Wood - sustainability considerations.
Manufactured boards use
more energy to produce.
They can use the waste fromThey can use the waste from
milling solid timber.
They mostly use adhesives,
and the formaldehyde that is
used in MDF is a health risk.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
40. Before we use wood, what should we think about?
Wood - sustainability considerations.
Other ecological impacts
Some tropical hardwoods have hugeSome tropical hardwoods have huge
impacts. Mahogany trees grow in amongst
a variety of other trees and plants. Cutting
down the mahogany causes the destructiondown the mahogany causes the destruction
of a whole area of rainforest which cannot
regrow easily.
Does it’s use harm other people?
If we add to Climate Change that affects
e er one in the World b t partic larl theeveryone in the World but particularly the
poor who are most affected by drought and
flooding. If we destroy areas of rainforest
that affects the lives of the people who livethat affects the lives of the people who live
in the forest.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN
41. Before we use wood, what should we think about?
Wood - sustainability considerations.
Can we keep on using as much as
lik ?we like?
The planet has a limited amount of
land to grow food and trees so there is
a limit to the amount of timber we
can use. However, the amount that
is used in the production of the paperis used in the production of the paper
that comes into the average house
each year will be a far bigger impact
than the timber in your school projectthan the timber in your school project.
But the products we do design and
make should be well made, so they
b fcan be used for a number of
years.
AAERT _SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN