This document discusses the properties and classification of metals. It covers ferrous metals like iron and steel as well as non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, and titanium. The document also describes various metal working techniques for cutting, shaping, and machining metals. Common molding and forming processes are outlined, including sand casting, lamination, stamping, and forging. Metals are widely used for their conductivity, strength and recyclability.
13. Iron has verygoodmagneticproperties. Due to his low endurance, pure iron is not used. So it´s mixed with a little amount of carbon obtaining ferrous alloys. How changes carbon the iron properties? A bigger amount of carbon in the ferrous alloy increases the hardness but decreases the tenacity, so the alloy becomes more fragile.
18. Theamount of carbonincreaseshardness and fragility.Steel mixed with other metal increases endurance (vanadium) and becomes stainless (chrome and nickel).
73. Obtaining cast iron and steel Coal Iron ore Limestone BlastFurnace Torpedo Ladle Ladle Furnace Refining Furnace We can obtaincastironfromthemelting of coal,iron ore and limestone at theblastfurnace , thenwecarryittotherefiningfurnaceusing torpedo ladleand ladlefurnace. In therefiningfurnacetheamount of carbontoobtainsteeldecreases.
74. Obtaining of metals by electolysis We use a high voltage electric current over the melted metal. Puremetal is attracted by the negative electrode (remember that metal atoms are positive). We can use this method to obtain metals like copper and aluminum.
75. Metal Working To fix and to bend To measure and to mark To cut To split To finish To smooth To drill