Engineered wood is wood manufactured by binding wood fibers, particles, strands, veneers or boards using adhesives to form composite materials. It includes oriented strand board, laminated veneer lumber, glue laminated timber, I-joists, plywood, and wood plastic composites. These products offer benefits over solid wood like efficient use of materials, dimensional stability, uniform strength and consistency while allowing for larger sizes, flexibility in shapes and utilization of smaller trees and waste wood. They are commonly used in construction for beams, headers, floors, walls and other structural applications.
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
This presentation is all about timber products specifically fiberboards , particle board and compressed straw board.
in this ppt all the information haas been provided like from there manufacturing processes to there uses to there rates and size to the manufacturing companies . It is very helpful for architectural students. more importance is given on constructional details . Hope u like it :)
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
This presentation is all about timber products specifically fiberboards , particle board and compressed straw board.
in this ppt all the information haas been provided like from there manufacturing processes to there uses to there rates and size to the manufacturing companies . It is very helpful for architectural students. more importance is given on constructional details . Hope u like it :)
The terms “hardwood” and “softwood” are often misleading because they have no direct relation to the actual physical hardness or softness of the wood, so that a hardwood may actually be softer than a softwood.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. ENGINEERED WOOD
Introduction
Engineered wood, also called composite wood, man-made
wood, or processed wood includes a range of derivative wood
products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the
strands, particles, fibers, veneers or blocks of wood,
together with adhesives, to form composite material
ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS
Wood based products (usually composites) designed to meet
application-specific performance requirements and
to take best advantage of the structural properties of the
different components
5. EWP’S addresses some of
woods problems
Natural variability of wood – strength
unpredictable, unreliable
Hygrosopicity and resulting dimensional
instability
Biodegradable – vulnerable to decay
Combustible
6. Benifts of E.W.PRODUCTS
1. Efficient use of wood through “engineering”
e.g., placing stronger and more uniform
components in areas of higher stress
2. Stable, uniform & consistent
3. More Reliable
4. Flexible with respect to shape
5. Composite products -Take advantage of best
properties of different materials
6. Higher strength rating
7. Large dimension and length possible
8. Smaller trees are utlized
9. Waste products are utized
7. Strong and Consistent
Optimize strength through
Engineered design
Put strongest components
where stresses are highest
Configure for efficient
properties
Randomization of defects
to reduce variability or
increase reliability
11. LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER
Softwood veneers produced as in plywood production
Veneers graded prior to assembly
Higher quality veneers are placed on the outsides
Veneers glued with grain running parallel to each other
LVL used on flat (I-beam flanges) or on edge (beams,
headers)11
Edge
Flat
12. LVL ENDLESS DIMENSIONS
Width 1 ½ in., 1 ¾ in., and 3 ½ in.
Depth up to 24 in.
Length up to 24m
13. LaminatedVeneer
Lumber
Variability is reduced
in one plane.
Solid wood
Variability is at its
greatest level.
Reduction of natural variability
Defects in veneer can be removed or dispersed
Variability is reduced
Yield of veneer from logs is higher than yield of solid
lumber
16. Elements: “Lamstock”, high quality dimension lumber
(1½” thick, up to 10” wide, up to 20’ long)
Product Width 3½-14 inches
Dimensions: Depth up to 8 feet
Lengthup to 140 feet
Applications: Beams, columns, arches, trusses
16
Glue LaminatedTimber (Glulam)
17. GLULAM LAMINATION
Top and bottom laminations
might be different species
Finger joints along laminations
Total dimensions = 5.25” x 17.5”
(This is not a commercial sample)
19. GLUE LAMINATION LUMBER
(GLULAM)
Individual lamstock elements are stress-rated
prior to beam fabrication
Stiffer elements are placed in more critical locations
in member
Very large dimensions possible
19
20. GLUE LAMINATION LUMBER
(GLULAM)
Curved members can be created
Tighter curves require thinner laminations
Architectural as well as structural
23. 2. Parallel strand lumber
(PSL)
Made from long narrow
strands (from strander not
veneer)
E.g., Aspen
Used for window joinery,
headers…
24. Parallel strand products
3. Parallam ™
Strips of waste veneer
(1/2” X 1-2’)
Laid up in large molds
Phenol Formaldehyde
Resin – Microwave cure
Mainly Douglas-fir and
Southern pine
Extremely strong and
reliable
25. Veneer products
Plywood
Flat panel built up of plies of veneer through bonding
C Cross-laminated for uniform transverse strength and
high dimensional stability
structural panels use waterproof phenol formaldehyde r
resin glue certified for exterior use
Face
Cross-bands
Core
Back
26. The properties of plywood depend on the quality of
the veneer plies, the order of layers, the adhesive
used, and the degree to which bonding conditions
are controlled during production
.
Plywood panels have significant bending strength
both along the panel and across the panel, and the
differences in strength and stiffness along the panel
length versus across the panel are much smaller than
those differences in solid wood
uses:
Construction sheathing
Wall, roof sheathing
Furniture
Cabnite boxes and panels
Box beams
27. Strand Based EWP
1. Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
OSB is manufactured in a cross-oriented pattern to create a strong, stiff structural
panel.
OSB is composed of thin rectanglar shaped wood strands arranged in laryers at righ
angle to one another, which are laid into mats that form a panel
OSB is bonded with fully waterproof adhesives most panels are also treated with
sealent on the panel edge to guard against moisture penetration
OSB has high shear strength along the edge
Not recommended for exposed exterior application unless specialy treated
29. 2. I-JOISTS
Light
Strong
Long Spans
Easy to put
wiring,
plumbing etc.
through the
web
30. PREFABRICATED WOOD I JOISTS
Prefabricated wood I-joists are made by gluing
solid sawn lumber or laminated veneer lumber
(LVL) flanges and oriented strand board (OSB)
panel web to produce a dimensionally stable
light-weight member with known engineering
properties.
The uniform stiffness, strength, and light weight
of these prefabricated structural products makes
them well suited for longer span joist and rafter
applications for both residential and commercial
construction.
The "I" shape of these products gives a high
strength to weight ratio.
31. Efficient use of wood, Stable
I-Beam is very efficient use of
materials
Neutral axis – Shear only
Compression
Tension
32. sizes
The depths of prefabricated
wood I-joists range from
241mm (9-1/2") to 508mm
(20")
Flange depths are
commonly 38mm (1-1/2")
and common flange widths
vary from 45mm (1-3/4") to
89mm (3-1/2").
Web thickness varies from
9.5mm (3/8") to 12.7mm
(1/2").
Table 1 I-Joist - Standard
Depths
Size
mm in.
241 9-1/2
292 11-1/2
302 11-7/8
318 12-1/2
356 14
406 16
457 18
508 20
33. Trusses
Structural frame relying on a triangular
arrangement of webs and chords to
transfer loads to reaction points.
•Made from timbers or from
manufactured
wood products (i.e. glulam, PSL)
•Members connected using bolts &
plates, split rings, and special
brackets & hangars
34. Trusses - Features
•unlimited shape & size
•economy
•ease of fabrication
•fast delivery
•simplified erection procedures
•all trusses are custom designed
•flexibility in layout & longspans
•shapes and size restricted only by manufacturing
capabilities, shipping limitations & handling
considerations
35. WOOD-PLASTC COMPOSITES
Any composite that contains wood & thermoset or
thermoplastic
Thermoset : Epoxy , Phenolics
Thermoplastics: PE, PP, PVC, PS
TheWPCs are produced by mixing wood flour or fiber &
plastics to produce a material that can be processed like a
conventional plastic & has the best features of wood &
plastic”
•Wood flour : Particulate, l/d 2:1 to 4:1
•Wood fiber : Reinforcing, l/d greater than 24:1
•Commonly used species : Pine, Maple Oak
•Typical particle size : 10 to 80 mesh
36. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Two stage Process: Compounded pellets &
shaping
Commonly Used processingTechniques
Sheets & profile extrusion
Thermoforming
Compression Molding
Injection Molding
NewTrend
In-Line Compounding & Processing
38. ADHESIVES
Phenol-Formaldehyde
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins are typically used in the
manufacture of plywood . GLULAM, oriented strandboard
where exposure to weather during construction is a
concern
Urea-Formaldehyde
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are typically used in
the
manufacture of products used in interior applications,
primarily
particleboard and medium-density fiberboard (MDF),
39. ISOCYANATE
The isocyanate wood adhesive is a polymeric methylene
diisocyanate (pMDI). It is used as an alternative to PF resin,
primarily in composite products fabricated from strands.
pMDI resins are typically more costly than PF resins but
have more rapid cure rates and will tolerate higher moisture
contents
Bio-Based Adhesives
Bio-based adhesives, primarily protein glues, were widely
used prior to the early 1970s in construction plywood. In the
mid-1970s, they were supplanted by PF adhesives, on the
basis of the superior bond durability provided by phenolics.
The move toward “green” products has led to a renewed
interest in bio-based adhesives.