This document discusses marine biotechnology and the production of ethanol from algae. Some key points:
1) Marine biotechnology uses biological material from the sea to produce goods and services, including extraction of pharmaceuticals, analysis of toxins, and bio-remediation.
2) Producing ethanol from algae involves growing algal strains, harvesting the biomass, initiating fermentation with yeast, and separating the resulting ethanol. Lipids in algae can also be converted to biodiesel.
3) Algae have advantages over other crops for fuel production as they grow rapidly, consume CO2, and do not require arable land. Challenges include large space and water requirements for cultivation as
Biotechnology being multidisciplinary subject has applications in different areas. Marine Biotechnology is the field dealing with the uses of marine organisms for human use.
Biotechnology being multidisciplinary subject has applications in different areas. Marine Biotechnology is the field dealing with the uses of marine organisms for human use.
22-24 November 2017. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AU Conference Centre. Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Presentation by Emmanuel Kaunda, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi A review of the use of biotechnology in aquaculture and fisheries (PAEPARD supported consortium)
Algal biotechnology Biotechnological approaches for production of important ...pratik mahadwala
Algal biotechnology Biotechnological approaches for production of important microalgae Indoor & mass culture methods of microalgae SCP – Spirulina single cell protein
Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. the toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc. The microbes serve as scavengers in bioremediation. The removal of organic wastes by microbes for environmental clean-up is the essence of bioremediation. The other names used (by some authors) for bioremediation are bio-treatment, bio-reclamation and bio-restoration.
Bioremediation of soil: A soil sample ((desert soil/soil with oil spills) ) was saturated with crude oil (17.3%, w/w) and aliquots were diluted to different extents with either pristine desert or petrol pump’s soils. Heaps of all samples were exposed to outdoor conditions through six months, and were repeatedly irrigated with water and mixed thoroughly. Quantitative determination of the residual oil in the samples revealed that oil-bioremediation in the undiluted heaps was nearly as equally effective as in the diluted ones. One month after starting the experiment. 53 to 63% of oil was removed. During the subsequent five months, 14 to 24% of the oil continued to be consumed by the microbes. The dynamics of the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial communities in the heaps was monitored. The highest numbers of those organisms coordinated chronologically with the maximum oil-removal. Out of the identified bacterial species, those affiliated with the genera Nocardioides (especially N. deserti), Dietzia (especially D. papillomatosis), Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Cellulomonas, Gordonia and others were main contributors to the oil-consumption. Some species, e.g. D. papillomatosis showed the maximum tolerance compared with all the other studied isolates. It was concluded that even in oil-saturated soil, self-cleaning proceeds at a normal rate.
These slides are in pure form and students helpful in future prospects. All slides contains a specific amount of data with no extraordinary burden on students.
Transgenic fish or genetically modified fish(GM fish) are genetically modified organism. The DNA of the fish is modified using genetic engineering techniques.
Aim is to introduce a new trait to fish
GM fish has been approved by FDA
Microbial biotechnology is the use of microorganisms to obtain an economically valuable product or activity at a commercial or large scale.
Like any other man-made technology, microbial biotechnology has both positive and negative effects on the environment.
Biotechnology may carry more risk than other scientific fields: microbes are tiny and difficult to detect, but the dangers are potentially vast.
The use of biotechnical methods—including genetically-engineered microorganisms—is indispensable for the manufacture of many products essential to mankind.
For better or for worse, it is the mankind's task to tackle the problems that are associated with the use of this technology, and which to a high degree are located in the field of unwanted environmental impacts.
The use of biotechnology should be restricted to enhancing the quality of life for plants, animals and human beings only. Anything beyond that is unnatural and highly disastrous to us.
Selective breeding in fish and conservation of genetic resources for aquacultureWorldFish
Invited presentation given by Dr Curtis Lind at the 17th International Congress on Animal Reproduction (ICAR), Vancouver, Canada, 31st July, 2012.
SUMMARY: To satisfy increasing demands for fish as food, progress must occur towards greater aquaculture productivity whilst retaining the wild and farmed genetic resources that underpin global fish production. We review the main selection methods that have been developed for genetic improvement in aquaculture, and discuss their virtues and shortcomings. Examples of the application of mass, cohort, within family, and combined between-family and within-family selection are given. In addition, we review the manner in which fish genetic resources can be lost at the intra-specific, species and ecosystem levels and discuss options to best prevent this. We illustrate that fundamental principles of genetic management are common in the implementation of both selective breeding and conservation programmes, and should be emphasized in capacity development efforts. We highlight the value of applied genetics approaches for increasing aquaculture productivity and the conservation of fish genetic resources.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02084.x/abstract
waste water treatment through Algae and Cyanobacteriaiqraakbar8
Use of algae in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
Hydrocarbons are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Oxygen, nitrate, or sulfates are sometimes added as electron acceptors to enhance biodegradation rates.
22-24 November 2017. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AU Conference Centre. Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Presentation by Emmanuel Kaunda, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi A review of the use of biotechnology in aquaculture and fisheries (PAEPARD supported consortium)
Algal biotechnology Biotechnological approaches for production of important ...pratik mahadwala
Algal biotechnology Biotechnological approaches for production of important microalgae Indoor & mass culture methods of microalgae SCP – Spirulina single cell protein
Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. the toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc. The microbes serve as scavengers in bioremediation. The removal of organic wastes by microbes for environmental clean-up is the essence of bioremediation. The other names used (by some authors) for bioremediation are bio-treatment, bio-reclamation and bio-restoration.
Bioremediation of soil: A soil sample ((desert soil/soil with oil spills) ) was saturated with crude oil (17.3%, w/w) and aliquots were diluted to different extents with either pristine desert or petrol pump’s soils. Heaps of all samples were exposed to outdoor conditions through six months, and were repeatedly irrigated with water and mixed thoroughly. Quantitative determination of the residual oil in the samples revealed that oil-bioremediation in the undiluted heaps was nearly as equally effective as in the diluted ones. One month after starting the experiment. 53 to 63% of oil was removed. During the subsequent five months, 14 to 24% of the oil continued to be consumed by the microbes. The dynamics of the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial communities in the heaps was monitored. The highest numbers of those organisms coordinated chronologically with the maximum oil-removal. Out of the identified bacterial species, those affiliated with the genera Nocardioides (especially N. deserti), Dietzia (especially D. papillomatosis), Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Cellulomonas, Gordonia and others were main contributors to the oil-consumption. Some species, e.g. D. papillomatosis showed the maximum tolerance compared with all the other studied isolates. It was concluded that even in oil-saturated soil, self-cleaning proceeds at a normal rate.
These slides are in pure form and students helpful in future prospects. All slides contains a specific amount of data with no extraordinary burden on students.
Transgenic fish or genetically modified fish(GM fish) are genetically modified organism. The DNA of the fish is modified using genetic engineering techniques.
Aim is to introduce a new trait to fish
GM fish has been approved by FDA
Microbial biotechnology is the use of microorganisms to obtain an economically valuable product or activity at a commercial or large scale.
Like any other man-made technology, microbial biotechnology has both positive and negative effects on the environment.
Biotechnology may carry more risk than other scientific fields: microbes are tiny and difficult to detect, but the dangers are potentially vast.
The use of biotechnical methods—including genetically-engineered microorganisms—is indispensable for the manufacture of many products essential to mankind.
For better or for worse, it is the mankind's task to tackle the problems that are associated with the use of this technology, and which to a high degree are located in the field of unwanted environmental impacts.
The use of biotechnology should be restricted to enhancing the quality of life for plants, animals and human beings only. Anything beyond that is unnatural and highly disastrous to us.
Selective breeding in fish and conservation of genetic resources for aquacultureWorldFish
Invited presentation given by Dr Curtis Lind at the 17th International Congress on Animal Reproduction (ICAR), Vancouver, Canada, 31st July, 2012.
SUMMARY: To satisfy increasing demands for fish as food, progress must occur towards greater aquaculture productivity whilst retaining the wild and farmed genetic resources that underpin global fish production. We review the main selection methods that have been developed for genetic improvement in aquaculture, and discuss their virtues and shortcomings. Examples of the application of mass, cohort, within family, and combined between-family and within-family selection are given. In addition, we review the manner in which fish genetic resources can be lost at the intra-specific, species and ecosystem levels and discuss options to best prevent this. We illustrate that fundamental principles of genetic management are common in the implementation of both selective breeding and conservation programmes, and should be emphasized in capacity development efforts. We highlight the value of applied genetics approaches for increasing aquaculture productivity and the conservation of fish genetic resources.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02084.x/abstract
waste water treatment through Algae and Cyanobacteriaiqraakbar8
Use of algae in wastewater treatment. Recently, algae have become significant organisms for biological purification of wastewater since they are able to accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive matters in their cells/bodies.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
Subtopics
Bio remediation in hot and cold environments
Use of Nitrogen fixing Bacteria
Bio remediation using fungi from soil samples
Bio remediation using bacteria and case studies
Hydrocarbons are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Oxygen, nitrate, or sulfates are sometimes added as electron acceptors to enhance biodegradation rates.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
The drugs which are obtained from marine organisms are know as marine drugs. these marine drugs are used since ancient times. chines and japanes are very famous to use these resources. And interstingly,innumarable products derived from the marine organisms in several 'crude forms' have been widely used across the globe by the traditional practitioners for thousands of years.
biotechnology and its applications
application s of biotechnology, bt.cotton, cloning, dna, dna fingerprinting, dna isolation, gene manipulation, genetic engineering, goldenrice., r dnatechnology, recombinant vaccines, transgenic, vectors
Samir Khanal, Professor of Biological Engineering Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering at UHM, describes an integrated approach in converting biomass into biofuel and biobased products. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-22.
The source of energy captured by plants is the sun, which will be the constant source of energy for the next few billion years. The carbon released from the burning of biofuels is continually cycled rather than being released from the ancient fixed carbon sources, as is the case for fossil petroleum and natural gas. The problem is that the cost of the production of fuels from lignocellulose and plant oils is high and this nascent industry cannot compete with the oil prices. Current progress: For the past two decades, ethanol has been synthesized primarily from cornstarch and cane sugar. Fourteen billion gallons of ethanol were synthesized in the USA from cornstarch in 2014. Approximately 40% of the current USA corn crop is availed to produce ethanol and is not likely to expand anymore, because the remainder of the crop is being availed for animal feed and human food. Ethanol is produced from cane sugar in Brazil at a level of 7.2 billion gallons in the year 2014. The renewable energy source is the major terrain to be considered (Sreeremya, 2019).
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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Topics covered:
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UI automation Sample
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Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
3. What is it?
Marine biotechnology uses biological material
from the sea to produce goods and services.
3 11/17/2011
4. Areas Of Interest
Extraction of biologically-active compounds or
pharmaceuticals
Cloning of proteins of marine origin
Analysis of marine toxins and anti-venoms
Development of industrial adhesives
Development of diagnostic probes for marine
pathogens.
Bio-remediation, which uses marine and other
organisms to digest contaminants and toxins in
the environment.
4 11/17/2011
5. Constraints
Like all other technologies the opportunities
involve long lead times and high risks.
Other critical issues that can affect bio-
prospecting for genetic material include access
and ownership of intellectual property rights.
Ability to sustainably produce high-oil-yielding
algae strains on a large-scale.
Ability to extract the oil from the algae on a
large scale.
Capability for large-scale conversion of algal oil
into biodiesel.
5 11/17/2011
6. Algal Strains
Some prominent strains of algae that have a
high carbohydrate content and hence are
promising candidates for ethanol production.
Sargassum
Glacilaria
Prymnesium parvum
Euglena gracilis
6 11/17/2011
7. Ethanol from Algae
Algae have a tendency to have a much different
makeup than does most feed stocks used in
ethanol, such as corn and sugar cane.
Ethanol from algae is possible by converting the
starch (the storage component) and Cellulose (the
cell wall component). lipids in algae oil can be
made into biodiesel, while the carbohydrates can
be converted to ethanol.
Algae are the optimal source for second generation
bioethanol due to the fact that they are high in
carbohydrates/polysaccharides and thin cellulose
walls
7 11/17/2011
8. Process behind Ethanol from Algae
Fermentation process to produce ethanol include the following
stages:
Growing starch-
accumulating, filament- Separating the
Harvesting the grown
forming, or colony- resulting ethanol from
algae to form a
forming algae in an the fermentation
aqua culture biomass;
solution.
environment;
Contacting the
decaying biomass
with a yeast capable Initiating decay of the
of fermenting it to biomass;
form a fermentation
solution;
8 11/17/2011
9. Decaying…
Cellular structure of the biomass begins to decay
(e.g., cell wall rupture) and release the
carbohydrates.
Initiating decay can be accomplished
mechanically, non-mechanically.
The yeasts used are typically brewers‟ yeasts
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces
uvarum).
Genetically altered bacteria could be useful for
fermentation can also be used.
9 11/17/2011
10. Ethanol from De-oiled Algae Biomass
Algal Biomass Left-over Conversion into
• Carbohydrates mass(once the Ethanol
• Proteins lipids extracted) • Carbohydrates in
• Lipids • Carbohydrates the left-over algae
• Proteins can be converted
into sugars.
• Sugars can be
processed into
Ethanol
10 11/17/2011
11. Production Of Ethanol and Biodiesel from
Algae
FromOligae, 2006, Retrievedfrom http://www.oilgae.com/algae/pro/eth/eth.html
11 11/17/2011
12. Biodiesel from Algae
Dewatering Aquafeed
Furthertreatm Animal feed
enttorecover
and Extrusion
Petfeed
diesel
Residual
microalgae
Incorporatedi
Selectionofmi Extraction of
nto human
croalgaespec Wasteliquor protein
food
ies
Growth of Extraction of Oil for
Harvesting of
microalgae oilfrommicroa processingint Biodiesel
microalgae
lgae oBiofuel
12 11/17/2011
13. Advantages to make ethanol from algae
instead of diesel
The lipid (oil) content in algae from different sources
max. 70% is less than starch+ cellulose+ sugars nearly
100% content.
Algae should be dried (a lot of energy) to extract oil
but needs no treatment for ethanol fermentation.
Extracting the oil from algae is complicated.
CO2 from ethanol fermenting can be used as algae
feedstock.
The energy from fermenting and distilling can be
used to heat algae ponds (photo bioreactors) in
cold climate.
13 11/17/2011
14. Advantages of Using Algae
Algae have many important advantages over other
oil-producing crops, like corn, canola and soybeans.
It can be grown in almost any enclosed space and
it multiplies rapidly and requires very few inputs to
flourish - mainly just sunlight, water and carbon
dioxide.
Because algae has a high surface-area-to-volume
ratio, it can absorb nutrients very quickly, and its
small size is what makes it mighty.
The Energy Returned is much higher than Energy
Invested or required to produce algae ethanol.
14 11/17/2011
15. Advantages of Using Algae
Algae Consume CO2, a Major Greenhouse Gas.
Do Not Require Arable Land.
Grow Very Rapidly.
Represent a “New” Source of Fuel.
Represent a New Source of Animal Food.
15 11/17/2011
16. Simpler…
Algae ethanol does not require a very
complicated equipment or machinery to set it
up
As Scientists and researchers of Canadian
National Renewable Energy Association have
observed that: "algae ethanol plant does not
eat up the country's bread basket" and gives to
mankind many valuable bi-products that are
used in several ways.
16 11/17/2011
17. •Large scale cultures to fulfil
demands
Scale •Ponds vs.
photobioreactors*
•Large area requirements
•Good climatic conditions
Challenges Land •Close to resources (water,
CO2)
•Flat land
•Large amount of water for
culture
•Saline water and
Water evaporation replacement
•Complete discharge of
ponds due to increased
salinity
17 11/17/2011
18. •Phosphate. Non-renewable and
competition with food crops
•Nitrogen.
•6-8% of dry microalgae.
•Can affect lipid composition and
Nutrients culture
•2 kg of CO2 kg-1 of N
•Waste water?. Inconsistent
composition
•CO2. Transportation costs
•20-30% of the total cost
Challenges Harvesting •Different sizes and shapes (2 to 200
m for individual cells
•Keeping the biomass newtonian
•Homogenization & bead milling
Cell •Cooling systems due to energy
disruption dissipation
•Reducing cell wall strength
18 11/17/2011
19. Open orclosed?
Ponds PBR
Expensive
construction
Low cost
and operative
costs
Monitoring
systems eg. Gas
Simplicity
exchanging
system
High
Easier water
evaporation
recycling
rates
From “
Placingmicroalgaeonthebiofuelspri
oritylist: a
reviewofthetechnologicalchalleng
Culture
es”, by Greenwellet al, 2009, J. R. Controlled Bios (2008).
Soc. Interface, 7, p 708 contamination, PhotoBioReactorSculpture.
conditions
temperature. RetrievedOct 7 2011 from
http://biosarch.wordpress.com/200
8/07/08/photobioreactor-
sculpture/
19 11/17/2011
20. Algae vs. crops
From “Biotech‟sgreen gold?”, by Waltz E. 2009, NatureBiotechnology, 27, p. 16
RetrievedOct 7 2011
fromhttp://www.odec.ca/projects/2008/adit8i2/benefit.html
20 11/17/2011
21. Economicalevaluation
Base case (current technology) Projected case
(achievablebutnotdemonstrated)
Productionofbiomassusing500 ha
systems =
Oil extraction =
Co- Notconsidered(Smallmarkets)
productionofhighvalueproduct(HV
P)
Internalrateofreturn(IRR). Valuesabove15% are consideredprofitable
21 11/17/2011
22. Economicalevaluation
22 11/17/2011
From “Aneconomicandtechnicalevaluationofmicroalgalbiofuels”, by Stephens E. et al 2010, NatureBiotechnology, 28, p. 127
23. Economicalevaluation
23 11/17/2011
From “Aneconomicandtechnicalevaluationofmicroalgalbiofuels”, by Stephens E. et al 2010, NatureBiotechnology, 28, p. 127
24. Isit profitable?
Yes, with increasedproductivity/largeproduction
Estimate: Currenttechnology could produce
$84/bblbut in thefuture a price of $50/bbl could
be achieved
Sinergy with other industries for a
sustainablesystem
24 11/17/2011
25. What’s happening?
Companies Organizations Universities
• Aurora biofuels • Algal biomass • Algael biofuel
• Algenol organization challenge (UK
• Sapphire • National academic
energy Algae institutions)
• Solarvest Association • Murdoch +
BioEnergy • European University of
• Solazyme Algae Biomass Adelaide
• Chevron [(National Association • USA…
Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL)] • International
Fossil Algae
Association
25 11/17/2011
26. References
Borowitzka MA and Reza Navid, 2010, „Sustainablebiofuelsfromalgae‟,
MitigAdaptStrategGlobChange, Springer.
Greenwell HC, Laurens LML, Shields RJ, Lovitt RW and Flynn KJ, 2010,
„Placingmicroalgaeonthebiofuelsprioritylist: a reviewofthetechnologicalchallenges‟, J.R.
Soc.Interface, 7, 703-726
Gold rushforalgae, (2009, September 24), NatureNews, 461, 460-61
Oligae. http://www.oilgae.com/
Sheehan J, Dunahay T, Benemann J andRoessler P (1998), „A Look Back at the U.S.
DepartmentofEnergy‟sAquaticSpeciesProgram— Biodiesel fromAlgae‟, (Close out report
1978-1996), Colorado USA, NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory, U.S.
DepartmentofEnergy‟s Office ofFuelsDevelopment
Stephens E, Ross IL, King Z, Mussgnung JH, Kruse O, Posten C, Borowitzka MA andHankamer
B, 2010, „Aneconomicandtechnicalevaluationofmicroalgalbiofuels‟, Nat Biotechnol, 28
(2), 126-128
Waltz E, 2009, „Biotechs‟sgreen gold?, Nat Biotechnol, 27(1), 15-18
26 11/17/2011
