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KARIBU Aquatic Biofuels New Options for Food and Bio-EnergyKMFRI June 10, 2011 Antonio (Tony) Piccolo Aquatic BiofuelsSpecialist
[object Object]
Why produce aquatic biofuels
Conversion systems
Growth and harvesting
Potential for developing countries
Challenges and Opportunities,[object Object]
Why MICRO - ALGAE? ,[object Object]
 High yield per acre
Contains no sulphur therefore no SO2 emissions
Non toxic and highly biodegradable
Does not require soil for growth
Uses as little as 30cm of water per year per hectare (open pond system)  Photo Bio-Reactors dependin on the size can take up as much as   50,000 lt of water, however there is no waste and no evaporation
Adaptable anywhere even at great distances from water, particularly for  PBRs
Abatement of CO2 – carbon neutral,[object Object]
Photo Bio-Reactors? ,[object Object], but it is a State of the Art Technology, it   produces higher yields than other   systems. Given the right climatic conditions and the right algae strain, some systems can produce 3kg of biomass per 1m3 of water. i.e. almost 1.5 litres of oil. Vertical-column PBR Flat-plate PBR Pyramid PBR Tubular PBR
Microalgae Biofixation Process – with wastewater
Open pond wastewater has demonstrated productivities of 100 tonne/ha/yr
Costs and key performance parameters for Open Pond biofixation systems for GHG abatement are: ,[object Object]
 Raceway mixed ponds capital costs of about US$100,000 per hectare
 Availability or transport of flue gas and/or waste water to the ponds
 Algal productivity / harvestability / processing
 Product values: biofuels, GHG abatement, reclaimed water, fertilisers, other   co products. Caution – With present technology fuel only algal systems are not plausible on their own - they require additional revenues.

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Aquatic biofuels presentation KMFRI

  • 1. KARIBU Aquatic Biofuels New Options for Food and Bio-EnergyKMFRI June 10, 2011 Antonio (Tony) Piccolo Aquatic BiofuelsSpecialist
  • 2.
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  • 9. High yield per acre
  • 10. Contains no sulphur therefore no SO2 emissions
  • 11. Non toxic and highly biodegradable
  • 12. Does not require soil for growth
  • 13. Uses as little as 30cm of water per year per hectare (open pond system) Photo Bio-Reactors dependin on the size can take up as much as 50,000 lt of water, however there is no waste and no evaporation
  • 14. Adaptable anywhere even at great distances from water, particularly for PBRs
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Microalgae Biofixation Process – with wastewater
  • 18. Open pond wastewater has demonstrated productivities of 100 tonne/ha/yr
  • 19.
  • 20. Raceway mixed ponds capital costs of about US$100,000 per hectare
  • 21. Availability or transport of flue gas and/or waste water to the ponds
  • 22. Algal productivity / harvestability / processing
  • 23. Product values: biofuels, GHG abatement, reclaimed water, fertilisers, other co products. Caution – With present technology fuel only algal systems are not plausible on their own - they require additional revenues.
  • 24. Adaptability to developing countries – other key factor requirements Algae production with Photo Bio-Reactors (PBR) More suitable for Higher Income Countries (due to higher start-up costs) Algae production with MBP (Microalgae Biofixation Process) (open/close ponds) More suitable for Lower Income Countries (due to lower start-up costs)
  • 26.
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  • 28. The by-product glycerine is sold to the cosmetic industry and the residues are made into fishmeal.
  • 29.
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  • 32. It can provide livelihoods through the production of fish, and produce local energy free from GHG emissions.   
  • 33. Relatively little investment required.
  • 34. Fish waste could also promote more efficient utilization of aquatic living resources and generate additional income for fishers' and fish farmers' communities.
  • 35. Adaptable on large fishing trawlers.   
  • 36.
  • 37. Open pond systems are much more viable although real costs are still not available, by-products can however make the process completely viable.
  • 38. Abatement of CO2 Mitigation from the conversion of the algal biomass to renewable fuels – directly substituting fossil fuels – coal and gas
  • 39. Each tonne of microalgae biomass produced = about a tonne of CO2 abatedBoth algal to bio-fuel technologies are therefore completely Carbon Neutral
  • 40.
  • 41. What does Spirulina contain? Balanced proteins, (supply the body with high amounts of Vitamin B (particularly B12) Minerals and micro-nutrients which provide a variety of benefits for the human body, like nourishment, mental clarity, assisting in cancer recovery, depression help and many others. Several scientific studies show spirulina to have the ability to inhibit viral replication; in particular it was found that 5-10 mg/ml of spirulina will inhibit the HIV-1 virus otherwise known as the AIDS virus.  
  • 42. The beneficial properties of Spirlina are quite remarkable – 10 of the main benefits after taking 5-10 grams of spirulina are listed below;   Increases the CD4 count – Strengthens the immune system (particularly useful for AIDS/HIV patients. Increases RNA (Ribonucleic acid) in the brain for more energy The beta carotene (contains 10 times more that of carrots) is an excellent source of disease fighting antioxidants, and is also good for healthy eyes and vision. Contains vegetable protein and amino acids to build muscle High concentration of B Vitamins; which not only break down carbohydrate and lipids but also maintain cardiovascular health. It is also an excellent anti-inflammatory, which is an essential benefit to arthritis patients and prevents heart disease. Contains anti-aging properties. Improves digestive health Contains easy to absorb iron supplements ideal for women and children. Reduces cancer with antioxidant protection
  • 43. How can we combine Aquatic Resources for food and for fuel? We need to find a strain or variant of algae that can produce enough lipids to satisfy crude oil production and contain enough protein to be used as a food supplement. These can be genetically modified but we do not know the consequence of the modification and could enter and affect the food chain. The most efficient natural strain for crude-oil production is Botryococcusbrauniiand the best source for spirulina food supplement is Spirulinaplatensis. A natural identified strain which could cater for both food and fuel is Prymnesiumparvum.
  • 44. Aquatic Biofuels – An Integrated Aquaculture Energy System (IAES) nutrients