This document describes the isolation of bioactive compounds from marine invertebrates. Six compounds were isolated from two different sponge samples, including Aplysamine-2 which was further characterized. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the structures of the compounds, which were identified by comparing the data to literature, including MarinLit. Future work proposed includes testing the compounds for antifungal activity and isolating additional compounds from other sponge samples.
The drugs which are obtained from marine organisms are know as marine drugs. these marine drugs are used since ancient times. chines and japanes are very famous to use these resources. And interstingly,innumarable products derived from the marine organisms in several 'crude forms' have been widely used across the globe by the traditional practitioners for thousands of years.
This presentation covers the topic of General Characteristics & its Application of Marine Polysaccharides i.e. Agar, Agarose & Chitosan in an elaborative and easy to understand way for studying and notes purpose.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.19
ABSTRACT- Halophiles, the most predominant organisms found in the mangrove forest, include halophilic bacteria in different environment such as salt lakes, saline soils and salted food. The majo rviatyri eodf hgaelnoeprhai loicf pmriocproerotrigesa nwishmicsh s tfuadciielidta steo iftasr upsreo dwuicteh ccoommpmoeurncdias l waiitmh sg. rIena tt hpiost esntutidayl ionf inSduunsdterirabla pnr osoceils,s faoncdu st hheays hbaeveen pmhaydsieo loong itchael iasnodla wtieorne oufs ehda lfooprh pilhiyc soiorgcahnemismicsa la anndd t mheiicrr ochbaioralocgteicriasla atinoanl.y sSiosi. lQs uwaelritea tciovlel escctreede nfirnogms foofu trh ed iifsfoelraetnets pwlaecree sd oofn eS uanndd etrhbraene aCmhaornagc tethriesmat iowna so f stehlee citseodl ahteasv iwnegr em doodneer aatneldy bgaoseodd ognr o1w6Sth rRwNhiAch g ewnaes sefuqrutehnecr inogp tpimhyisloegde nine tidci ftfreeree nwt egrer ocwotnhs trmucetdeida.. aTsh we eisllo laast evsa rsihoouws eedx tmrauceltlilpullea rh eenazvyym mee ptarol dtoulcetriaonncse t haenrde bayn teixbpiolotirci nrge stihsetairn cues.a gTeh efo or rvgaarnioisums sb iwoeterceh fnuortlohgeric taels pteudr pfoosr eEs.P S Key-words- Sundarban, Halophiles, EPS, NaCl
The drugs which are obtained from marine organisms are know as marine drugs. these marine drugs are used since ancient times. chines and japanes are very famous to use these resources. And interstingly,innumarable products derived from the marine organisms in several 'crude forms' have been widely used across the globe by the traditional practitioners for thousands of years.
This presentation covers the topic of General Characteristics & its Application of Marine Polysaccharides i.e. Agar, Agarose & Chitosan in an elaborative and easy to understand way for studying and notes purpose.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.19
ABSTRACT- Halophiles, the most predominant organisms found in the mangrove forest, include halophilic bacteria in different environment such as salt lakes, saline soils and salted food. The majo rviatyri eodf hgaelnoeprhai loicf pmriocproerotrigesa nwishmicsh s tfuadciielidta steo iftasr upsreo dwuicteh ccoommpmoeurncdias l waiitmh sg. rIena tt hpiost esntutidayl ionf inSduunsdterirabla pnr osoceils,s faoncdu st hheays hbaeveen pmhaydsieo loong itchael iasnodla wtieorne oufs ehda lfooprh pilhiyc soiorgcahnemismicsa la anndd t mheiicrr ochbaioralocgteicriasla atinoanl.y sSiosi. lQs uwaelritea tciovlel escctreede nfirnogms foofu trh ed iifsfoelraetnets pwlaecree sd oofn eS uanndd etrhbraene aCmhaornagc tethriesmat iowna so f stehlee citseodl ahteasv iwnegr em doodneer aatneldy bgaoseodd ognr o1w6Sth rRwNhiAch g ewnaes sefuqrutehnecr inogp tpimhyisloegde nine tidci ftfreeree nwt egrer ocwotnhs trmucetdeida.. aTsh we eisllo laast evsa rsihoouws eedx tmrauceltlilpullea rh eenazvyym mee ptarol dtoulcetriaonncse t haenrde bayn teixbpiolotirci nrge stihsetairn cues.a gTeh efo or rvgaarnioisums sb iwoeterceh fnuortlohgeric taels pteudr pfoosr eEs.P S Key-words- Sundarban, Halophiles, EPS, NaCl
Chemical characterization of Cinachyrella tarentina: Sponge of Atlantic Moroc...journal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : Currently, marine organisms are a very important source of new molecules in pharmacology and thus in the development of new bioactive products. Sponges, in particular, given their very primitive origin and persistence during evolution, have developed a chemical defense system.The chemical study of Cinachyrella tarentina, marine sponge recognized by its antibacterial and antifungal activity was investigated for the first time in Morocco. The screening of Cinachyrella tarentina revels that it contains different levels of primary and secondary metabolites. The dosage of polyphenols was carried out using the reagent Foulin-Ciocalteu. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH test. The fatty acid composition determined by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed a predominance of palmitic and stearic acids. Furthermore, we found the presence of several sterols which cholesterol and sitosterol are the most abundants. Keywords: Antioxydant activity, Chemical composition, Cinachyrella tarentina, Marine sponge, Polyphenols.
Assessment of the Genotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Several Vegetables,...AMERICA CASTAÑEDA
It has been demonstrated that the juices from several vegetables, spices and herbs protect against certain carcinogens. The antioxidant capacity of several vegetables has been documented. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the genotoxicity of celery, coriander, epazote, parsley and watercress using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) on the wings of Drosophila melanogaster using Standard (ST) and High Bioactivation (HB) crosses with regular and high levels of metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes, respectively. The protective effects of the extracts against 4-Nitroquinoline n-Oxide (4NQO) 4NQO, an oxidant compound, and Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent, were evaluated. Both promutagens were employed alone as
positive controls and in combination with the extracts. The majority of the extracts were non-genotoxic, although several positive results were observed. Parsley induced spots at all concentrations assayed in the ST cross and at the lowest concentration in the HB cross. Watercress, coriander and epazote produced some significant results in both crosses. CP in combination with the highest extract concentration exhibited a potentiation-synergistic effect while an inhibition-antagonic effect with 4NQO. In addition, the radical-scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated using the colorimetrical DPPH oxidative assay. The radical scavenging activity order from the highest to the lower was watercress > parsley > coriander > celery > epazote.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (α -LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity i...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
Biochemical evaluation of antioxidant activity in extracts and polysaccharide...GJESM Publication
In the present study ethanol and water extracts of 15 seaweeds, Dictyota dichotoma var. velutricata,
Dictyota indica, Iyengaria stellata, Padina pavonia, Sargassum swartzii, Sargassum variegatum, Stoechospermum marginatum, Stokeyia indica, Jolyna laminarioides, Caulerpa taxifolia, Halimeda tuna, Ulva fasciata, Ulva lactuca, Solieria robusta, and elanothamnus afaqhusainii, were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by ABTS, superoxide and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The activity was concentration dependent and the variation in antioxidant potential was also observed by different assays in both extracts. Ethanol extract ofD. dichotoma var. velutricata,D. indica and S. marginatum demonstrated highest activity by TAC assay. The antioxidant potential in organic solvent fractions of
seaweeds namely P. pavonia, S. swartzii, S. marginatum andM. afaqhusainii was also determined and chloroform fraction of all the four seaweeds showed highest activity by superoxide assay. Antioxidant activity of extracted fractions of polysaccharides from S. indica, C. taxifolia and D. dichotoma var. velutricata was also evaluated by superoxide method. Polysaccharide fractions of S. indica obtained from HCl (at 70 0C and room temperature) and water extract demonstrated highest activity respectively. All the polysaccharide fractions of C. taxifolia showed excellent activity except CaClF70 °C. Polysaccharide fractions of D. dichotoma var. velutricata also exhibited very good activity.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (Α-LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity in...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT This research paper presents the microbial and hydrobiological indicators and the physicochemical quality of water samples from a lentic ecosystem in Ibeno LGA, Nigeria, after sixteen (16) years of an aviation fuel spill. Using culture-dependent methodologies, the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial and fungal counts (HBC & HFC) ranged from 3.4 x 104 to 1.2 x 105cfu/l and 4.7 x 103 to 1.8 x 104 cfu/l, respectively with the ratios of total heterotrophic bacterial counts to HBC and total fungal counts to HFC ranging from 8 to 12% and 15 to 22%, respectively. Predominant bacterial indicators included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus varians and Enterobacter aerogenes while predominant fungal indicators included Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, Candida sp, Saccharomyces sp, Phoma sp. and Botrytis sp. Predominant zooplanktons in the sampled area were rotatoria while the least were nematodes and followed the trend: Rotatoria > Copepoda > Cladocera > Nematoda. Water samples from the area showed evidence of oil sheen when disturbed; with pH values (6.2 to 7.8) tending generally towards neutral. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from this aviation fuel-contaminated lentic system ranged from 81.5 mg/l to 505.2 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen (DO) were generally low with high BOD and COD of 46.3 mg/l and 321.1mg/l, respectively. Other physicochemical parameters were typical of lentic ecosystems in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The impact of this and many other spills are enormous. This confirms that it takes a long time for recovery once the environment is polluted.
Key-words: Aquatic pollution, Aviation fuel, Hydrobiological parameters, Hydrocarbonoclastic Microorganisms, Lentic ecosystem, Physicochemical characteristics
Effect of stem- extract of Adenia cessampeloides on malondialdehyde (MDA) and...iosrjce
Adenia cessampeloides is a popular plant whose stem is used as fish poison by the local people in
Ohaukwu local government area of Rivers- state in Nigeria. Its leaves are however, consumed locally for its
high nutrient quality. Here, the Adenia cessampeloides stem aqueous extract on malondialdehyde(MDA) and
superoxide dismutase(SOD) in Clara patrichus(fishes) were studied using standard methods. The results
showed that MDA decreased as the concentration of the extract increased and SOD activity also increased as
the concentration of the extract increased. The results also showed that oxidative stress or cellular damages
might be prevented by use of the plant stem extract
Evaluation of water quality and toxicity after exposure of lead nitrate in Cy...Sana_haroon
This presentation is made on the research paper "Evaluation of water quality and toxicity after exposure of lead nitrate in Cyprinus carpio"
which is written by Paul et., al 2019
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
4. optimization of culture condition for enhanced decolorization of reactive ...Darshan Rudakiya
Many synthetic azo dyes and their metabolites are toxic, carcinogenic, and
mutagenic so removal of azo dyes using cost-effective and eco-friendly method is
major aspect.Comamonas acidovorans MTCC 3364 has been routinely reported for
different steroid bioconversion and heavy metal removal. The main purpose of this
study is to check the decolorization efficiency of Comamonas acidovorans MTCC
3364 for different dyes and to optimize the condition which gives maximum
decolorization of Reactive Orange 16 dye. The effect of various physicochemical
parameters including condition, carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature,pH and
dye concentration were studied. The % decolorization of dye was determined by
UV Visible spectroscopy. This bacterial strain efficiently decolorizes Reactive
Orange 16 at 37oC, pH 6.85 within 24 hours giving 99.03 ± 0.5 % dye
decolorization under optimum environmental conditions.
Chemical characterization of Cinachyrella tarentina: Sponge of Atlantic Moroc...journal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : Currently, marine organisms are a very important source of new molecules in pharmacology and thus in the development of new bioactive products. Sponges, in particular, given their very primitive origin and persistence during evolution, have developed a chemical defense system.The chemical study of Cinachyrella tarentina, marine sponge recognized by its antibacterial and antifungal activity was investigated for the first time in Morocco. The screening of Cinachyrella tarentina revels that it contains different levels of primary and secondary metabolites. The dosage of polyphenols was carried out using the reagent Foulin-Ciocalteu. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH test. The fatty acid composition determined by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed a predominance of palmitic and stearic acids. Furthermore, we found the presence of several sterols which cholesterol and sitosterol are the most abundants. Keywords: Antioxydant activity, Chemical composition, Cinachyrella tarentina, Marine sponge, Polyphenols.
Assessment of the Genotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Several Vegetables,...AMERICA CASTAÑEDA
It has been demonstrated that the juices from several vegetables, spices and herbs protect against certain carcinogens. The antioxidant capacity of several vegetables has been documented. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the genotoxicity of celery, coriander, epazote, parsley and watercress using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) on the wings of Drosophila melanogaster using Standard (ST) and High Bioactivation (HB) crosses with regular and high levels of metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes, respectively. The protective effects of the extracts against 4-Nitroquinoline n-Oxide (4NQO) 4NQO, an oxidant compound, and Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent, were evaluated. Both promutagens were employed alone as
positive controls and in combination with the extracts. The majority of the extracts were non-genotoxic, although several positive results were observed. Parsley induced spots at all concentrations assayed in the ST cross and at the lowest concentration in the HB cross. Watercress, coriander and epazote produced some significant results in both crosses. CP in combination with the highest extract concentration exhibited a potentiation-synergistic effect while an inhibition-antagonic effect with 4NQO. In addition, the radical-scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated using the colorimetrical DPPH oxidative assay. The radical scavenging activity order from the highest to the lower was watercress > parsley > coriander > celery > epazote.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (α -LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity i...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
Biochemical evaluation of antioxidant activity in extracts and polysaccharide...GJESM Publication
In the present study ethanol and water extracts of 15 seaweeds, Dictyota dichotoma var. velutricata,
Dictyota indica, Iyengaria stellata, Padina pavonia, Sargassum swartzii, Sargassum variegatum, Stoechospermum marginatum, Stokeyia indica, Jolyna laminarioides, Caulerpa taxifolia, Halimeda tuna, Ulva fasciata, Ulva lactuca, Solieria robusta, and elanothamnus afaqhusainii, were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by ABTS, superoxide and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The activity was concentration dependent and the variation in antioxidant potential was also observed by different assays in both extracts. Ethanol extract ofD. dichotoma var. velutricata,D. indica and S. marginatum demonstrated highest activity by TAC assay. The antioxidant potential in organic solvent fractions of
seaweeds namely P. pavonia, S. swartzii, S. marginatum andM. afaqhusainii was also determined and chloroform fraction of all the four seaweeds showed highest activity by superoxide assay. Antioxidant activity of extracted fractions of polysaccharides from S. indica, C. taxifolia and D. dichotoma var. velutricata was also evaluated by superoxide method. Polysaccharide fractions of S. indica obtained from HCl (at 70 0C and room temperature) and water extract demonstrated highest activity respectively. All the polysaccharide fractions of C. taxifolia showed excellent activity except CaClF70 °C. Polysaccharide fractions of D. dichotoma var. velutricata also exhibited very good activity.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (Α-LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity in...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT This research paper presents the microbial and hydrobiological indicators and the physicochemical quality of water samples from a lentic ecosystem in Ibeno LGA, Nigeria, after sixteen (16) years of an aviation fuel spill. Using culture-dependent methodologies, the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial and fungal counts (HBC & HFC) ranged from 3.4 x 104 to 1.2 x 105cfu/l and 4.7 x 103 to 1.8 x 104 cfu/l, respectively with the ratios of total heterotrophic bacterial counts to HBC and total fungal counts to HFC ranging from 8 to 12% and 15 to 22%, respectively. Predominant bacterial indicators included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus varians and Enterobacter aerogenes while predominant fungal indicators included Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, Candida sp, Saccharomyces sp, Phoma sp. and Botrytis sp. Predominant zooplanktons in the sampled area were rotatoria while the least were nematodes and followed the trend: Rotatoria > Copepoda > Cladocera > Nematoda. Water samples from the area showed evidence of oil sheen when disturbed; with pH values (6.2 to 7.8) tending generally towards neutral. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from this aviation fuel-contaminated lentic system ranged from 81.5 mg/l to 505.2 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen (DO) were generally low with high BOD and COD of 46.3 mg/l and 321.1mg/l, respectively. Other physicochemical parameters were typical of lentic ecosystems in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The impact of this and many other spills are enormous. This confirms that it takes a long time for recovery once the environment is polluted.
Key-words: Aquatic pollution, Aviation fuel, Hydrobiological parameters, Hydrocarbonoclastic Microorganisms, Lentic ecosystem, Physicochemical characteristics
Effect of stem- extract of Adenia cessampeloides on malondialdehyde (MDA) and...iosrjce
Adenia cessampeloides is a popular plant whose stem is used as fish poison by the local people in
Ohaukwu local government area of Rivers- state in Nigeria. Its leaves are however, consumed locally for its
high nutrient quality. Here, the Adenia cessampeloides stem aqueous extract on malondialdehyde(MDA) and
superoxide dismutase(SOD) in Clara patrichus(fishes) were studied using standard methods. The results
showed that MDA decreased as the concentration of the extract increased and SOD activity also increased as
the concentration of the extract increased. The results also showed that oxidative stress or cellular damages
might be prevented by use of the plant stem extract
Evaluation of water quality and toxicity after exposure of lead nitrate in Cy...Sana_haroon
This presentation is made on the research paper "Evaluation of water quality and toxicity after exposure of lead nitrate in Cyprinus carpio"
which is written by Paul et., al 2019
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
4. optimization of culture condition for enhanced decolorization of reactive ...Darshan Rudakiya
Many synthetic azo dyes and their metabolites are toxic, carcinogenic, and
mutagenic so removal of azo dyes using cost-effective and eco-friendly method is
major aspect.Comamonas acidovorans MTCC 3364 has been routinely reported for
different steroid bioconversion and heavy metal removal. The main purpose of this
study is to check the decolorization efficiency of Comamonas acidovorans MTCC
3364 for different dyes and to optimize the condition which gives maximum
decolorization of Reactive Orange 16 dye. The effect of various physicochemical
parameters including condition, carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature,pH and
dye concentration were studied. The % decolorization of dye was determined by
UV Visible spectroscopy. This bacterial strain efficiently decolorizes Reactive
Orange 16 at 37oC, pH 6.85 within 24 hours giving 99.03 ± 0.5 % dye
decolorization under optimum environmental conditions.
introduction to the biological treatment of waste water. Part 2 will be uploaded soon. this set of slides will explain primary treatment and activated sludge system. this is for education usage only. not for any commercial use.
Compared to terrestrial biomass, marine algae have a major potential to become a renewable resource of raw material for biofuels and bioproducts. Through their diverse chemical composition, marine algae can be the source of bioproducts for many industries. For the implementation in practice of the marine algae capitalization, it is necessary to obtain supplementary information from scientific research and solving some technological aspects for obtaining bioproducts under efficient economic conditions.
A preliminary study on the toxic potentials of shea butter effluent using Cla...IOSR Journals
This study was conducted purposely to evaluate the effects of shea butter effluent (SBE) on the
freshwater inhabitant using Clarias gariepinus as a biological model. A prominent Local factory of shea butter
at Tede, ATISBO Local Government was chosen because the effluent flows directly into a near-by stream that
ends up at a popular Dam in the Local Government on which more than 120,000 people depend for domestic
use.Static bioassay was conducted to determine the LC50 of shea butter effluent to Clarias gariepinus. Ten fishes
each were exposed to 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.09ppt (lethal concentration) of SBE in separate water plastic
bowl of (40cmX29cmX28cm) of 60litres capacity.The lethal Concentration (LC50) value of SBE was 0.057ppt for
96hrs of exposure. Total mortality occurred in the concentrations of 0.08 and 0.09ppt within 24hours of
exposure period. Behavioural reactions exhibited by the fish include erratic movement, air gulping, loss of
reflex, molting, barbell deformation, hemorrhage, and excessive mucus secretion in fish exposed to higher
concentration of shea butter effluent.
The appreciable increase in the mean value of heavy metal, such as Manganese, Nickel, Cadmium,
Zinc, Copper and Lead revealed that the increase in the concentration of shea butter effluent leads to
bioaccumulation of the aforementioned heavy metals in the test organisms. The values for all the metals exceed
the permissible Criteria of the national and international regulatory body. Therefore, Shea butter effluent is
highly toxic to freshwater fishes, its discharged directly into water bodies, new fish farms or in areas close to
aquatic environment should not be encouraged.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Oxazolone Derivativesijceronline
A series of six 4-aryl Benzelidene-2-phenyl-5- oxazolone derivatives were synthesized by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with N-benzoyl glycine (Hippuric acid) in the presence of sodium acetate and acetic anhydride at room temperature in ethanol. Six of the compounds are new derivatives. The structures of the compounds were evaluated based on 1H-NMR , IR and FTIR methods and by elemental analysis. .All the derivative compounds prepared were tested for their antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion technique. Test organisms: Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureusMTCC 7443 and Salmonella typhimuriumMTCC 733 Fungi like C.albicans and A.flavus The results were compared with those of the standard 0.5% Ciprofloxacin. The derivatives with Salicylaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde were showed excellent activities against E. coli. and Staphylococcus aureusMTCC 7443 : than Salmonella typhimuriumMTCC 733 bacteria. It also showed reasonable activity withFungi like C.albicans than A.flavus
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. Bioremediation is used to clean up oil spills or contaminated groundwate
An Investigation Into The Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Biosulphidogenesis I...iosrjce
Anthropogenic activities like mining, processes of metallurgy and other chemical industries lead to
the discharge of a high amount of sulphate into the environment that causes serious problems to human health.
This paper illustrates the employment of thermophilic sulphate reducing bacteria for biosulphidogenesis. Two
different species have been isolated from hot water spring of Vajreshwari and Ganeshpuri,Thane, Maharashtra,
INDIA.The mechanism involved in biosulphidogenesis includes production of specific protein as well as
liberation of some extracellular polymeric compound (EPS) e.g. proteins, carbohydrate, acids etc. that are
produced during the microbial cell metabolism. These compounds plays an important role in the faster
reduction of sulphate and decrease in production rate of sulphide.The isolate was found to be of genus
Bacillusand type strain was found to be subtilis Zankar and licheniformis Sonali. The strain sequence were
deposited in NCBI database with accession number KJ939324 and KJ939325 respectively. The result highlights
the potential use of these organism in biosulphidogenesis.
Determination of acute toxicity and the effects of sub-acute concentrations o...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 h LC50) of CuO-NPs on some hematological and biochemical parameters of R. rutilus.
Materials and Methods:
225 healthy specimen of R. rutilus (mean weight 5.52±1.2 g; mean length 6.20±0.2 cm) were transported to the laboratory. In order to prepare the stock solution, CuO-NPs was dispersed in pure water with ultrasonication (50-60 kHz) for 15 min every day before dosing. At first, R. rutilus was exposed to CuO-NPs to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) value. Following acute test, fish were treated with sub-acute concentrations of CuO-NPs (50 and 70% 96 h-LC50 at) with one control group (no CuO-NPs) for a week to determine the changes in the level of some plasma hematological and biochemical parameters.
Results:
The 96 h-LC50 values of CuO-NPs was 2.19±0.003 mg/l. R. rutilus exhibited significantly lower RBC count, Hb and Hct values and a significant increase in the WBC numbers, MCH, MCHC and MCV indices (p<0.05).><0.05).
Conclusion:
These alterations indicate R. rutilus sensitivity to CuO-NPs and changes in blood parameters would be a useful tool for measurement early exposure to CuO nanoparticles.
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Similar to Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates (20)
9. RESULTS
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
O
Purpuroceratic acid A
1.60 mg
Purpuroceratic acid B
2.15 mg
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
9
H2N
SCN
-Cl+H3N
N
O
6
5
4
3
Chemical Formula: C15H27N
Exact Mass: 221.21
Molecular Weight: 221.39
m/z: 221.21 (100.0%), 222.22 (16.2%), 223.22 (1.2%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 81.38; H, 12.29; N, 6.33
Chemical Formula: C16H25NS
Exact Mass: 263.17
Molecular Weight: 263.44
m/z: 263.17 (100.0%), 264.17 (17.3%), 265.17 (4.5%),
265.18 (1.4%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 72.95; H, 9.57; N, 5.32; S, 12.17
Chemical Formula: C15H28ClN
Exact Mass: 257.19
Molecular Weight: 257.85
m/z: 257.19 (100.0%), 259.19 (32.0%), 258.19 (16.2%), 260.19
(5.2%), 259.20 (1.2%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 69.87; H, 10.95; Cl, 13.75; N, 5.43
Sullivan et. al. 1986
Halichondria compounds
(6R,7S)-7-amino-7,8-dihydro-α-bisabolene N,N’-bis[(6R,7S)-7,8-dihydro-α-bisabolen-7-yl]urea
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
O
Purpuroceratic acid A
1.60 mg
Purpuroceratic acid B
2.15 mg
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
Purpuroceratic acid A
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
Br
Compounds Identified (
Kyle Planck
Aplysamine-2
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
Br
Br
O
Br
Br
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
N
O
Br
OH Br
O
N
O
OH
O
Br
Br
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
Aerophobin-1Purpuroceratic acid B
01-13-75:
93-07-101:
10. RESULTS
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
O
Purpuroceratic acid A
1.60 mg
Purpuroceratic acid B
2.15 mg
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
10
H2N
SCN
-Cl+H3N
N
O
6
5
4
3
Chemical Formula: C15H27N
Exact Mass: 221.21
Molecular Weight: 221.39
m/z: 221.21 (100.0%), 222.22 (16.2%), 223.22 (1.2%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 81.38; H, 12.29; N, 6.33
Chemical Formula: C16H25NS
Exact Mass: 263.17
Molecular Weight: 263.44
m/z: 263.17 (100.0%), 264.17 (17.3%), 265.17 (4.5%),
265.18 (1.4%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 72.95; H, 9.57; N, 5.32; S, 12.17
Chemical Formula: C15H28ClN
Exact Mass: 257.19
Molecular Weight: 257.85
m/z: 257.19 (100.0%), 259.19 (32.0%), 258.19 (16.2%), 260.19
(5.2%), 259.20 (1.2%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 69.87; H, 10.95; Cl, 13.75; N, 5.43
Sullivan et. al. 1986
Halichondria compounds
(6R,7S)-7-amino-7,8-dihydro-α-bisabolene N,N’-bis[(6R,7S)-7,8-dihydro-α-bisabolen-7-yl]urea
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
N
HO
O
Br
Br
NH
O
OH
O
O
Purpuroceratic acid A
1.60 mg
Purpuroceratic acid B
2.15 mg
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
Purpuroceratic acid A
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
Br
Compounds Identified (
Kyle Planck
Aplysamine-2
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
Br
Br
O
Br
Br
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
N
O
Br
OH Br
O
N
O
OH
O
Br
Br
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
Aerophobin-1Purpuroceratic acid B
01-13-75:
93-07-101:
14. Results: MarinLit
14
N
O
Br
OH
N
H
O Br
Br
O
N
Aplysamine-2
19.3 mg
O
N
OH
O
Br
Br
NH
O
N
HN
Aerophobin-1
3.17 mg
Compounds Identified (93-07-101)
Kyle Planck
Compound ID: L3196
Molecular Formula: C H Br N O
Exact Mass: 647.97100
InChIKey: RCOAHKXJTMBQLI-VFCFBJKWSA-O
UV Value Log ε
266 nm 3.59
294 nm 3.52
Compound status: New
aplysamine-2
UV max ( in MeOH):
Compound 6 in original article
23 29 3 3 4
Compound ID: L12115
Molecular Formula: C H Br N O
Exact Mass: 646.96310
InChIKey: RCOAHKXJTMBQLI-VFCFBJKWSA-N
Compound status: New
aplysamine-2 free base
Compound 2 in original article
23 28 3 3 4
Compound ID: L23435
Molecular Formula: C H Br N O
Exact Mass: 650.92170
InChIKey: QORPEZJCTMWCLO-FPOVZHCZSA-N
UV Value Log ε
280 nm
250 nm
218 nm
Compound status: New
psammaplysin I
UV max ( in EtOH/water):
Compound 5 in original article
21 24 3 3 6
Compound ID: L15872
kuchinoenamine
Compound search results | MarinLit http://pubs.rsc.org/marinlit/Search/CompoundSearchPrintResult?FullText...
20. References
1. Hunter, Philip. "Harnessing Nature's wisdom." EMBO reports 9.9 (2008): 838-840.
2. http://portphillipmarinelife.net.au/images/species/speciesHero_511827.jpeg
3. http://www.thyrocare.com/Liquid-Chromatography.html
4. http://images.slideplayer.com/26/8465585/slides/slide_2.jpg
5. Kottakota, Suresh K., et al. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of purpurealidin E-derived marine sponge
metabolites: aplysamine-2, aplyzanzineA, and suberedamines A and B." Journal of Natural Products (2012):
1090-1101.
6. Kijjoa, Anake, et al. "Dibromotyrosinederivatives, a maleimide, aplysamine-2 and other constituents of the
marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea."Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 60.8 (2005): 904-908.
7. Gunasekera, Malika, and Sarath P. Gunasekera. "Dihydroxyaerothionin and Aerophobin 1. Two brominated
tyrosine metabolites from the deep water marine sponge Verongula rigida." Journal of Natural Products 52.4
(1989): 753-756.
8. Sullivan, Brian W., et al. "(6R, 7S)-7-amino-7, 8-dihydro-. alpha.-bisabolene, an antimicrobial metabolite from
the marine sponge Halichondria sp." The Journal of Organic Chemistry 51.26 (1986): 5134-5136.
20
