Transgenic fish contain genetic material from another organism that has been injected into their embryos, while triploid fish naturally contain three sets of genetic material. To assess the risk of genetically engineered marine species, similar living conditions should be recreated and the engineered species observed to see how they interact. Aquaculture provides food and economic benefits but also poses environmental risks if fish escape or their waste pollutes the environment. Genetic manipulation of fish is an interesting aspect of aquatic biotechnology because it allows fish to thrive in different environments by changing traits like temperature tolerance and muscle mass. Important aquaculture species include salmon, trout, tilapia, oysters and mussels. Biotechnology may help restore fish stocks through methods like biore

1. Aquatic Biotechnology
Chapter 10: Essence Perry

2. 1. What is the difference between transgenic fish
and triploids?
Transgenic fish are ones that
receive genetic coding from
another source. They are
commonly created by injecting the
transgene into an embryo in the
blastocyst stage of development.
Triploid fish contain three sets of
genetic information. They are
commonly created when diploid
gametes are fertilized by haploid
gametes.

3. 2.Suggest ways to assess the risk of genetically
engineered marine species.
Ways to assess the risk of
genetically engineered species is
to make similar living conditions as
the one you are going to release
into the wild. This would mean
include the same organisms, water
temperature, and pathogens, then
add the GM ones and see how they
interact.

4. 3. Create a list of benefits and problems
associated with aquaculture.
Benefits:
● Fish are pathogen free
● Provides more food
● More than enough to feed certain
population
● Fish are bigger, stronger, and
more appetizing
● Fish have better resistance to
bacterial diseases
● Fish are more tolerant to cold
temperatures
● Fish are used to study human
disease
● Fish use recycled material
Problems:
● Fisheries are under stress
● Possible environmental impact on
wild species
● Waste runoffs: hotbeds for viral
and bacterial diseases
● Overuse of antibiotics
● Escaped fish could cause
ecological disruption or species
extinction.
● Foreign fish could invade natural
species
● These fish can pollute the natural
gene pool

5. 4. What is the most interesting aspect of
aquatic biotechnology? Why?
The genetic manipulation of fish is
my favorite aspect of aquatic
biotechnology because this allows
many different species of fish to
thrive in different environments
despite genetic limitations.
Scientists are able to manipulate
their genetic coding to change their
body temperature, muscle mass,
and more.

6. 5. What are properties that attract
biotechnologists?
Properties like pressure,
heat, ocean depth, color,
muscle mass, diet,
genetics, proteins and
pathogens are mostly
studied by
biotechnologists.

7. 6. Name examples of shellfish and finfish
species that are important for aquaculture.
● Catfish
● Crawfish
● Trout
● Salmon
● Baitfish
● Tilapia
● Bass
● Quahogs
● Sturgeon
● Carp
● Yellowtail
● Bream
● Goldfish
● Oysters
● Clams
● Mussels

8. 7. Name ways in which biotechnology may
restore fish stalks.
Biotechnology may restore
fish stocks by using
bioremediation to clean
up environmental
pollution, pathogen
detection, colony growth,
and genetic methods to
encourage disease
resistance.

9. 8. Why are Glofish so controversial?
Glofish are the nation's first
genetically engineered pets that glow.
They are created by splicing a sea
anemone gene into a zebrafish,
making it transgenic. Since Glofish
aren’t eaten many people don’t
believe that the government should
regulate them. Organization have
proved that there is no effect to the
environment when Glofish are
released.

10. 9. What are biofilms? Give examples.
Biofilms are accumulations
of living organisms that
coat a surface. Biofilms
can occur on the heart
implants, teeth, and IV
lines. Many organisms can
combat biofilms on their
own.

11. 10. What is the LAL test. Describe.
The LAL test relies on
enzymes from the blood of
horseshoe crabs to detect
endotoxins produced by toxic
microbes. The LAL test is
used to check the sterility of
instruments such as medical
devices.