Marginalization refers to making certain groups feel excluded from the center of society through economic, social, cultural, or political factors. The document discusses how various groups in India such as Adivasis, Muslims, minorities, and lower castes face marginalization, experiencing disadvantages, prejudice, and a lack of equal access to resources and opportunities.

2. Why are you calling
her? We should not
speak to her she is
from lower class.
look at her dress
Hello purti , What
are you doing?
No Meera do not
judge someone on
what they wear. They
are also like us .We
should speak to her.

3. What is wrong in Meera
not speaking to Purti ?
Judging a person by his/her appearance is a kind of discrimination which is also called
Marginalisation .Meera should remove such inequality by talking to Purti.

4. What class
Meera is
referring Purti
to be from ?
Purti belongs to a backward
group known as Adivasi.
Adivasis also referred as Tribals.

5. Marginalisation
Scheduled
Castes
Scheduled
Tribes
Other
Backward
Classes
Minorities
They were formerly
treated as
Untouchables in
the society
They are mainly Tribals ,
living in remote and after
near –in accessible areas.
They are weaker
sections of the society
different from the SCs
and the STs.
They consists of those
sections of the society
which are numerically
less in a country

6. UNDERSTANDING
MARGINALISATION
What does it mean to
be socially marginalised
Adivasis and
Sterotyping
Adivasis and
Development
Muslims and
Marginalisation
Minorities and
Marginalisation
Who are
Adivasis?

7. Do you have Adivasi community
in your state? Do Adivasis of
different places belong to same
community?
Adivasis are not homogeneous population. There are
over 500 different Adivasis tribal group in India.
A state like Orrisa are homes to 60 different tribal
groups

8. WHO ARE ADIVASIS ?
Refers to original inhabitants.
Communities who have lived in close
association with forest.
Practice a range of tribal religions .
Worship ancestors, own village and nature spirit.
Have their own languages like Santhali
Live in various states like Gujarat , Maharashtra ,Rajasthan, West
Bengal ,Odisha, Jharkhand and North eastern states.

9. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE SOCIALLY MARGINALISED ?
 To be forced to occupy the sides and not be at the centre of things.
 To make certain groups in society feel marginalised due to economic ,social , cultural or political
factors.
 Some times marginalised groups are viewed with hostility and fear.
ADIVASIS AND STEROTYPING :
 Portrayed in colourful costumes, headgear and their dance.
 Blamed for their lack of advancement.
 Believed to be resistant to change or new ideas.
 Believed to have primitive background.

10. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:
 What do you mean by Marginalisation?
 Point out the Religious beliefs of Adivasis.
 List out two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly
marginalised ?

11. ADIVASIS AND DEVELOPMENT:
 Forest plays a crucial role.
 Traditionally ranged hunter –gatherers and nomads.
 In Today’s world Adivasis are considered marginal and powerless.
 Due to cleaning of forests, Adivasis/tribal have migrated to cities in search of work.
 For the past 200 years Adivasis have been forced to migrate as worker in plantations,
industries and as domestic help.
 They are caught in cycle of poverty and deprivations
almost 45 % in rural areas
35 % in urban areas live under poverty line .

12. ADIVASIS AND DEVELOPMENT:
 Forest lands have been cleared for timber and to get land for agriculture and industry.
 Huge tracts of lands have gone under the waters of hundreds of dams that have been built in
independent India.
 Losing their lands and access to the forests means that tribals lose their main source of
livelihood and Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work.
 As a result, Many tribal children are malnourished and also literacy rate is also very low
among tribals.
 When Adivasis are displaced from their lands, they lose much more than a source of income.
They lose their traditions & customs.

13. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:
How have the Adivasis contributed towards the development of
the country?
Mention the changes happened in Adivasis lifestyle because of
Industralisation and urbanisation based on the given story board
in the text.
Why are the tribal communities lifestyle have not improved
much?

14. Muslims and Marginalisation:
 Muslims are 14.2% of India’s population and are considered to be a
marginalized community in India.
 They have over the years been deprived of the benefits of socio-economic
development, of basic amenities, literacy and public employment.
 Recognizing that Muslims in India were lagging behind in terms of various
development in indicators, the government set up a high-level committee in
2005.
 The report of the community suggests that Muslim community is comparable to
that of other marginalized communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes.
 According to the Report of average years of schooling, for Muslim children
between ages of 7-16 is much lower than that of other socio-religious
communities.
 Muslim customs and practices such as wearing burqa and fez make them
different from others. Because of this, they tend to be identified differently and
some people think they are not like the ‘rest of us’. This often becomes an
excuse to treat them unfarily.
 This social marginalization of Muslims has led to their migration from places
where they have lived, often leading to the Ghettoisation of the community.

15. Minorities and Marginalization:
 The term minority is most commonly used to refer to
communities that are numerically small in relation to the
rest of the population. The two types of minorities ,found
in India are based on Religion and Language.
It encompasses issues of power, access to resources and
has social & cultural dimensions.
Safeguards are needed to protect minority communities
against the possibility of being culturally dominated by
the majority. They also protect them against any
discrimination & disadvantage that they may face.
 The Constitution provides these safeguards because it is
committed to protecting India’s cultural diversity and
promoting equality as well as justice.

16.  The experience of all these groups
point to the fact that marginalization is
a complex phenomenon requiring a
variety of strategies, measures and
safeguards to redress the situation.
 Every citizen has a stake in protecting
the rights defined in the Constitution
and the laws and policies framed to
realize these rights.
 Without these, no one will ever be
able to protect the diversity that makes
one’s country unique.

17. Conclusion:
 There are different reasons for each of the communities being
marginalised, each experiences marginalisation in different ways.
 Marginalistaion is often linked to experiencing disadvantage, prejudice
and powerlessness.
 In India, there are several more marginalised communities like Dalits.
 Marginalisation results in having a low social status and not having
equal access to education and other resources.
 Marginalized communities want to maintain their cultural
distinctiveness while having access to rights, development and other
opportunities.

18. Activity :
 Write a 12 word summary in your own words of what you understand by the word “
Marginalisation” .
 You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the
following statement: Present your answer through Priority Pyramid.
“MUSLIMS ARE A MARGINALISED COMMUNITY.”

19. THANK YOU