The document discusses India's Three Language Formula policy for promoting multilingualism and national integration. The policy recommends that in Hindi-speaking states, students learn Hindi, English, and one Modern Indian Language. In non-Hindi states, students learn the regional language, Hindi or English, and a Modern Indian Language. There have been implementation issues due to uneven adoption of the 3+1/-1 formula and preference for English. Fully implementing mother tongue education and managing the language load are ongoing challenges. Improving resources for teaching additional languages and making duration requirements consistent could help address non-implementation.

1. THREE LANGUAGE FORMULA
OVERVIEW :
--- REVIEW OF POLICY DOCUMENTS
--- AIM OF 3 LANGUAGE FORMULA
--- WHAT IS THE FORMULA ?
--- ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATION
--- REASONS OF NON-IMPLEMENTATION
--- POSSIBLE SOLUTION
--- REFERENCES

2. REVIEW OF POLICY DOCUMENTS
1948 1948 1952 1956 1961 1964 1968 1886 1992 2000 2005 2016
New Draft Policy
NCF
2005
NPE
1968
Kothari
Commission
1964-66
CABE
Radha
Krishnan
commission
1948-49
IMPLEMENTATION & REINFORCEMENT OF TLF
1986,1988,1992,2000,2005,2016
THE OFFICIAL ADOPTION OF TLF
1968 (National Policy On Education)
RECOMMENDATION FOR TLF
1952 (Mudaliar Commission)
ORIGIN OF 3 LANGUAGE POLICY
1948-49 (Radha Krishnan Commission)
2019
Mudaliar
Commission
Education Policy

3. AIM / IMPORTANCE OF 3 LANGUAGE FORMULA
NEED OF THREE LANGUAGE FORMULA
 Encourage and support regional language.
 Remove inequalities which come up with respect to language.
 Promote multilingualism and national harmony.
 Support linguistic diversity.
 Learning language is an important part of child’s cognitive development.
 To cultivate national integration & inter-state communication.
 Developing Hindi as a link language.
ARTICLE 29 , 350B1 ARTICLE 343 , 346 , 347 , 3512
2
ARTICLE 350A3

4. LANGUAGE HINDI SPEAKING STATES
L1 Mother language (HINDI)
L2 ENGLISH
L3 Modern Indian Language
(Preferably one of the south
Indian languages)
• NON-HINDI SPEAKING STATES
• Mother Language/Regional Language
• HINDI OR ENGLISH
• Modern Indian Language
NOTE : Modern Indian Language :
EIGHT SCHEDULE of the constitution of India contains a list of 22 languages recognized
as scheduled language. They are -Assamese,Bengali,Bodo,Dogri,Gujarati,Hindi,Kannada,
Kashmiri,Konkani,Maithili,Malayalam,Meitei,Marathi,Nepali,Odia,Punjabi,Sanskrit,
Santhali,Sindhi,Tamil,Urdu.

5. ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATON
 Uneven implementaton ofThree language formula : 3+1/-1
 Hindi speaking states are not keen to learn south Indian language.
 In south Indian states exceptTamil Nadu learn hindi but they find
english and regional language more useful for their future.
 Providing education for all children in their mother tongue is a
problem in many states.
 Those who come through regional language medium find it
difficult to cope with english at higher studies.

6. REASONS Of NON-IMPLEMETATION
• Fear of heavy language load
in school curriculum.
• To opt deliberately for the
dominant language that is
more relevent in getting
higher technical and
professional education.
• Duration for compulsory study
of 3 languages varies.
• Lack of adequate resources of
additional language teachers
and teaching material.

7. WhAT IS TO bE dONE ?

8. REFERENCES :
• Subhash “Three language formula in multiligual India : Problem and
Prospects”,Vol. 1 Issue 4 ,ISSN :2306-7063 , 2013.
• Leena Ratti “The three language formula : Challenges in its
implimentation in multilingual India”,Vol. 2.2,2015.
• K.Venkataramanam “What is the three-language formula?”,The
Hindu article ,8th june 2019.
• Government of India ministry of home affairs “Three language
formula”, 5th aug 2014.