PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN

1. LUNG CANCER
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN

2. Define lung cancer
• Lung cancer (malignancy of the lungs) is
defined as an uncontrolled growth of
abnormal cells in one or both of the lungs

3. Types of Lung Cancer
• Two main Types of Lung Cancer:
– Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (most common ~80%)
• SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
• ADENOCARCINOMA
• LARGE CELL CARCINOMA
– Small Cell Lung Cancer (20-25% of all lung cancers)
• Combined patterns
– Mixed sq.cell carcinoma + adenocarcinoma
– Mixerd sq.cell carcinoma + SCC

4. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Malignant bronchial epithelial tumour showing
keratinization and/or intercellular bridges.
• Strongly associated with smoking
• Majority arise centrally in major bronchi –
(obstruction and infection)
• Cavitations in 10%

5. Click to add title

6. Adenocarcinoma
• Malignant tumour with glandular
differentiation or mucin production.
• Gross : Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Usually
found as white-tan nodule at the periphery of
the lung.
• Many variants : Acinar, papillary,
bronchioloalveolar, solid, mixed subtypes
• Strongly associated with asbestose

8. Small Cell Carcinoma
• Oat cell carcinoma”
• It arises from endocrine cells (Kulchitsky
cells).
• Closely associated with smoking

9. Pathophysiology
disease limited to air passage lining: has not
invaded lung tissue; can usually be treated and
eliminated
disease limited to lung tissue; has not
invaded lymph nodes or other organs;
spread to lymph nodes and chest wall
(chest pain)

10. continue
• disease has invaded lymph nodes outside of
the lung area; (need surgery)
• disease has invaded organs and structures
surrounding the lungs such as the heart,
trachea and esophagus
• disease has invaded structures and organs
throughout the body, such as liver, bones and
brain; less than 2% chance of survival at 5
years if treated at this stage

11. Metastatic Neoplasms
• Lung most frequent site (other than LN)
• Patterns of Metastasis:
– Multiple nodules
– Lymphangitic metastasis
– Solitary

12. Metastatic Neoplasms
From :
• Ovarian adenocarcinoma
• Breast cancer
• Prostatic cancer
• Colonic adenocarcinoma
• Renal carcinoma
• Melanoma, lymphoma, sarcoma

13. Diagnostic Tests
• CXR
• CT Scans
• MRI
• Sputum cytology
• Fibreoptic bronchoscopy
• Transthoracic fine needle
aspiration

14. Diagnostic Tests
• CXR

15. Diagnostic Tests
• CT Scans

16. Complication
• Shortness of breath. Due to cancer has block the major
airways. Lung cancer can also cause accumulation fluid around
the lungs, thus SOB
• Coughing up blood. Due to rupture of cappilary,
bronchiolalviolar lead to blood cough (hemoptysis).
• Pain. Advanced lung cancer that spreads to the lining of a lung
or to another area of the body, such as a bone, can cause pain.
• Fluid in the chest (pleural effusion). Lung cancer can cause
fluid to accumulate in the space that surrounds the affected
lung in the chest cavity (pleural space).
• Cancer that spreads to other parts of the body
(metastasis). Lung cancer often spreads (metastasizes) to other
parts of the body, such as the brain and the bones.

17. THANK YOU