Lung tumors are abnormal growths in lung tissue that can be benign or malignant, with causes including smoking, air pollution, and genetic predisposition. They are primarily classified into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), each with subtypes, and symptoms often include persistent cough, chest pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsies, while treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery.

1. By Dolisha Warbi

2. DEFINITION:
Lung tumors refer to abnormal growths or masses that develop in the tissues of the lungs. These tumors can be
benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung in a process called metastasis into nearby tissue and,
eventually, into other parts of the body.

3. CAUSES:
Ø History of lung cancer
Ø Family history (genetic)
Ø Lung diseases
Ø Air pollution
Ø Chronic smoking
Ø Exposure to industrial asbestos or other carcinogens
Ø Radon gas
CLASSIFICATION
2 Main types:
qSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC)
qNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Dividing into 3 types
1)Squamous cell carcinoma
2)Adenocarcinoma
3)Large cell carcinoma

4. SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (SCLC):
• Comprise about 10% to 15% of lung cancer.
• Comprised of relatively small cell.
• The cell are round, oval or spindle shape.
• Very small in nature, (about 25 Micron).
NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC):
Ø It is the most common lung cancer.
Ø 85% of all cases.
1) Squamous cell carcinoma:
§ Most common type of NSCLS
§ 25% to 30% of all lung cancer.
§ Squamous cell cancer arise, most frequently in the central chest area, in the bronchi.
§ This type of lung cancer must often stay within the lung, spread to lymph nodes and grow quite large,
forming a cavity.
§ Strongly associated with smoking.

5. 2) Adenocarcinoma:
§Common type of NSCLS.
§40% of lung cancer cases.
§Associated with smoking, non smoking, especially women.
§Arise from the outer or peripheral areas of the lungs.
§It may spread to the lymph nodes and beyond.
3) Large cell carcinoma:
§Referred to as undifferentiated carcinoma.
§Least common types of NSCLS.
§10% - 15% of all lung cancer.
§Has high tendency to spread to the lymph nodes and distant sites.

6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
§ Cough that doesn’t go away
§ Coughing blood
§ Shortness of breath
§ Chest pain
§ Hoarseness
§ Sudden weight loss
§ Bone pain
§ Headache
§ Excessive sputum production
§ Malaise
§ Fever
§ Fatigue
§ Anorexia

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:
§ X – ray
§ Bronchoscopy
§ PET
§ CT – Scan
§ Lung function test
§ Blood test/CBC
§ Biopsy

8. MANAGEMENT:
Chemotherapy treatment:
• Cisplatin, carboplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, topotecan, etc..
Radiation:
• Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR)
Targeted therapy:
• Entrectinib, crizotinib, ceritinib
Immunotherapy:
• Checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccine, adoptive T cell therapies.
Surgery:
a) Wedge resection
b) Lobectomy
c) Pneumonectomy
d) Segmentectomy

9. .
Wedge resection Lobectomy
Pneumonectomy Segmentectomy

10. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
§ Assess the general condition of the patient.
§ Provide nursing assessment.
§ Monitor vital signs.
§ Provide oxygen therapy if needed.
§ Teach deep breathing exercise and postural drainage.
§ Position semi Fowler to provide comfortable to the patient.
§ Give prescribed medication.
§ Provide humidifier to loosen secretion.
§ Encourage small amount of liquid diet rich in protein calories.
§ Monitor any sign of complication.

11. THANKS YOU