This document discusses superior mediastinal syndrome, which involves obstruction of the airways or blood vessels in the mediastinum from a mass. Common causes include lymphoma and germ cell tumors. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, coughing, chest pain, and swelling of the face and upper body due to obstruction of the superior vena cava. Left untreated, superior mediastinal syndrome can lead to a medical emergency from loss of cardiac output or increased intracranial pressure.
definition of hydrocephalus, types of hydrocephalus, communicating and non communicating hydrocephalus, csf, different treatments of the hydrocephalus, different types of shunts, VP shunt, causes of hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus NPH, slit ventricle syndrome, ETV
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definition of hydrocephalus, types of hydrocephalus, communicating and non communicating hydrocephalus, csf, different treatments of the hydrocephalus, different types of shunts, VP shunt, causes of hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus NPH, slit ventricle syndrome, ETV
Mi empresa se encarga de hacer mantenimiento y reparar computadores, a un buen precio y cuenta con un personal muy especializado para solucionar sus problemas e inquietudes.
Soporte técnico computronica también ofrece un servicio a domicilio.
This is a review for the USMLE Step 1 of Pathology. It contains anything you need to know for your exam in pictures, diagrams and tables. THIS IS A TWO PART SERIES, look for the first part.
intracranial hemorrhage- by KEMISA HASSEN ZAINABU IIHS_jinjaUGANDA (2).pptxHASSENZAINABUKEMISA
By the end of this we shall be able to know the following
definition.of intracranial hemorriage
Classification of intracranial hemorriage
Types of intracranial hemorriage.
Causes of intracranial hemorriage.
Signs and symptoms of intracranial hemorriage
Investigations specific management.
Complication.
Ongoing nursing care.
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6. SUPERIOR MEDIASTINAL SYNDROME
• Over 80% of mediastinal masses in children are malignant.
Infants and children are more vulnerable to extrinsic airway
compression than adults.
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma,
Burkitt's lymphoma)
• Hodgkin Disease
• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
• Germ Cell Tumours - Teratoma
• Thyroid tumours, bronchogenic cysts, cystic hygroma,
granuloma and thymoma can also cause anterior
mediastinal masses.
7. SUPERIOR MEDIASTINAL SYNDROME
• Superior mediastinal syndrome involves obstruction of airways (trachea, main bronchi in particular)
and/or cardiac or great thoracic vessel compression, usually from a mediastinal mass and
represents a medical emergency.
• The onset of SVC obstruction is usually insidious but can lead to sudden loss of cardiac output and
rapid increases in intracranial pressure, with resulting cerebral oedema.
• Airway obstruction
• Main bronchus and tracheal compression produces:
• Dyspnoea, orthopnoea (breathlessness lying flat), cough, wheeze, hoarseness,stridor, chest pain,
agitation.
• pleural effusion (appears to be associated with main-stem bronchus compression)
• SVC obstruction
• duskiness/plethora of the face
• upper body swelling and venous congestion in the SVC distribution and collaterals over the chest
wall
• facial and upper body swelling with periorbital oedema (early sign)
• other symptoms such as dizziness, epistaxis, haemoptysis, nasal congestion
• drowsiness, confusion, headache, distorted vision and/or syncope are late signs associated with
cerebral oedema.
• Horner's syndrome (rare)
• ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis.
