This presentation summarizes information about low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) in poultry. It discusses the signs of LPAI, which include loss of activity, appetite, and egg production as well as coughing and sneezing. While there is no treatment for LPAI, antibiotics can prevent secondary infections. The presentation emphasizes biosecurity as the best prevention method against avian influenza. Key biosecurity practices include limiting access to farms, cleaning and disinfecting equipment, isolating sick birds, and implementing pest control. Adhering to basic biosecurity standards like restricting visitors, requiring protective clothing, and maintaining foot baths can help control the spread of LPAI.

1. WELLCOME
TO
MY PRESENTATION

2. Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI)
in Poultry
DR. ABDULLAH AL MAMUN
Management Trainee-Sales
ID. No. 1940602
Gazipur Sales Office
Kazi Farms Group

3. Presentation Layout
Introduction
Pathogenicity of AI
Signs of LPAI Influenza in Poultry
Treatment
Biosecurity

4. Introduction
 Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry
and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds
are often asymptomatic carriers. Low pathogenicity strains
typically cause respiratory signs. High pathogenicity strains
may cause widespread organ failure and sudden, high
mortality.
 Avian influenza is an infectious disease caused by A type
influenza virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae.

5. Cont’d
Transmission
Airborne virus particles from the respiratory
tract, dropings and people-carrying virus on
their clothing and equipment are the main
routes of transmission

6. Pathogenicity of AI
 2 Pathotypes:
 HPAI
 LPAI
 AI strains characterized by pathogenicity in chickens
 LPAI (Low-pathogenic avian influenza)
 Mild disease in poultry
 Most strains are LPAI
 LPAI H5 and H7 strains can mutate into HPAI
 HPAI (Highly pathogenic avian influenza)
 Severe illness and high fatality in poultry
 Some birds have no illness

7. Signs of LPAI Influenza in Poultry
Symptoms are diverse according to
species, age, sex, virus strain, mixed
infections, and environmental factors.
Loss of activity.
Loss of appetite for food and water.
Egg production drops.
Weakness.
Coughing, sneezing, rales.
Lacrimation
Ruffling of feathers.
Edema and cyanosis in the head, comb,
and wattle.
Nervous symptoms and diarrhea.
Ruffled feathers

8. Cont’d
Normal Comb and wattle Cyanotic Comb and wattle

9. Cont’d
Cyanotic legs Coughing, sneezing

10. Difference between AI & ND
Points AI ND
Incubation period 36 hr to 3 days 4 to 6 days.
Course of the disease Few hr or more 3 days or more
Symptoms Dullness, edema of face, diarrhoea
Respiratory symptoms,
diarrhoea, nervous symptoms,
odema absent or less marked.
Lesions (gross)
i. Haemorrhage on serous surface of
proventriculus, gizzard, intestine and
muscles
ii. Heart, lungs and subcutis may be
infiltrated with serofibrinous exudate.
i. Haemorrhagic ulcers on
mucous surface not in
muscles.
ii. Absent.
Histopathology Pervascular cuffing in brain.
Perivascular cuffing absent,
endothelial cuffing found.
Haemolysis Negative May be positive.
Embryopathology
Haemorrhages in muscles, inclusion
bodies absent
Subcutaneous haemorrhages,
inclusions found.

11. Treatment
 No treatment available for LPAI
 Antibiotics are used to prevent secondary
bacterial infection

12. BIOSECURITY
DEFINITION
 all procedures used to
prevent the introduction of
disease
 OBJECTIVES :
- prevent the entry of
disease
- control the spread of
disease
BIOSECURITY IS EVERYONE’S
RESPONSIBILITY!
BENEFITS OF BIOSECURITY
 HELPS KEEP OUT diseases
 REDUCES THE RISK of zoonotic
diseases
 LIMITS THE SPREAD of diseases
 HELPS PROTECT the public
health
 IMPROVES the overall flock
health
 CUTS COSTS of disease treatment
 REDUCES LOSSES and improves
profitability
BETTER BIOSECURITY PROVIDES :
Peace of mind, a healthier flock
and a more viable business!
HOW DISEASES SPREAD
 MOVEMENT of people, animals,
equipment, vehicles
 CONTACT with neighboring flock
 CONTACT with insects, rodents,
stray animals and pets
 CONTAMINATED water & feeds
 INADEQUATE cleaning and
disinfection

13. BIOSECURITY INFORMATION
 STRICTLY limit and control access to
the farm – fencing w/ a controlled
entry point
 KEEP an all-in, all-out flock
management
 PROVIDE a security or
decontamination area
 REQUIRE all persons entering the farm
to sign a visitor’s logbook; vehicle plate
numbers must also be recorded
 CLEAN & DIRTY areas should be well-
defined
 THOROUGHLY clean and disinfect all
equipment & vehicles entering AND
leaving the farm
 BETTER NOT to borrow equipment or
vehicles from other farms
 DON’T USE same vehicles for
transporting birds, feeds, equipment or
waste products
 CLEAN, PROTECTIVE clothing and
footwear must be worn in the farm
 HAVE a designated cleaning &
disinfecting area
 WHEN DISINFECTING, remove all
dirt & solid matter first – Dirt &
manure cannot be disinfected!
 KEEP the farm surroundings clean &
tidy
 FOOTBATH must be provided in
every poultry house; footbath should
be kept clean
 KEEP WILD BIRDS off the poultry
houses – bird-proofing
 KEEP other animals, pets or other
livestock out of the farm
 PEST & RODENT control program
 PROPER DISPOSAL of damaged
eggs, dead birds, litter or manure
 REGULARLY clean & disinfect all
equipment & vehicles before and after
use
 AFTER EVERY CYCLE,
thoroughly clean & disinfect
all houses & equipment
 ONCE CLEANED, a farm
should be closed & left idle;
the longer the down time, the
better the results.
IMPLEMENTING A STABLE
BIOSECURITY PROGRAM
IS INDEED AN EFFORT
WORTH MAKING!

14. MINIMUM BIOSECURITY STANDARDS
 No Visitors
 A sign-in log
 Clean clothing and sanitized footwear
 Properly maintained foot pans with
 disinfectant solution
 Rodent and insect control
 No other animals, esp. wild birds
 Vaccination
 All in, all out
 Sanitize hands

15. IMPORTANT REMINDERS
 MAKE a flock health plan
that includes basic
biosecurity measures
 ENSURE that all records are
accurate & up-to-date
 ALL poultry personnel
should be trained
 LOOK OUT for signs of
disease – early detection is
key!
 REPORT immediately if
disease is suspected
BE VIGILANT!
 Effective Bird Proofing
 Working Pest Control
Program
 For Rodents and Fly
 No other animals especially
waterfowl
 Sign – in Log Book
 Power Sprayer at the farm
gate
 Separate foot wear/Foot Dip
 Sanitation/disinfection

16. Control and Prevention
 Biosecurity
 Quarantine
 Intensify disinfecting measures
 Monitoring/Surveillance
 Stamping Out / Depopulation
 Vaccination
 Proper Disposal

17. Thank You