Lotus fibre
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Lotus fibre is extracted from lotus stems through a process of cutting, twisting, and drawing thin filaments together into threads. The threads are then spun into yarn and woven using a Cambodian loom into fabric without a warp beam. Over 120,000 lotus stems are needed to weave enough fabric for a single costume. Lotus fibre is breathable, soft, and crease resistant like linen or raw silk. However, extracting, spinning, and weaving the fibre by hand makes it a time-consuming and expensive process.
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Lotus fibre
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This document provides information about cotton and the cotton production process. It discusses the history and global production of cotton. It also outlines the steps involved in transforming cotton fibers into yarn, including blowroom, carding, drawing, roving, ring frame, and combing processes. Finally, it notes some key characteristics of cotton yarns and common yarn faults.
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Banana fiber is a natural fiber obtained from banana plants. It has good mechanical properties and is lightweight, strong, and absorbent. Banana fiber can be spun into yarn and woven into textiles. It is also used to reinforce composites, providing strength while being renewable and biodegradable. Research shows banana fiber composites have increasing strength with longer fibers and higher fiber loading up to a point, making it suitable for various applications.
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Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
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Basic knowledge about blend dyeing
Dyeing of Blended Fibres & Fabrics
Blends:
Blends are any textile material from fiber through yarn to fabric which are deliberate combination of chemically or physically different fibrous polymer. Cotton and Polyester blend is an example of chemically different blend and Cotton and Viscose is physically different blend because both are cellulosic.
Reason for blending:
1.Economy: The dilution of an expensive fibre by blending with a cheaper substitute.
2.Durability: The incorporation of a more durable component to extend the useful life of a relatively fragile fibre.
3.Physical properties: A compromise to take advantage of desirable performance charactristics contribuition by both fibre components.
4.Color: The development of new fabric design for garments incorporating multicolor effect.
5.Appearance: The attainment of attractive appearance & perceptible qualities using combinations of yarns of different lusture, crimp or denier which still differ in appearance even when dyed with same color.
6.Other reasons-
Blending develops fibre properties.
Colorant modification is possible by blending.
Finishing process modification.
Improved moisture absorption, antistatic characteristics, reduced pilling, improved abrasion resistance.
Dyeing Possibilities with Blends:
1.Union Dyeing:
• This is suitable for fabrics containing two fibres to dye them in a single uniform colour, each dye suitable for one kind of fibre in the blend.
• Union dyeing is same as cross dyeing except that instead of multi-colour effects. One solid colour is produced. The dyer accomplishes this by using two or more classes of dye, each of the same colours.
• Different fibres may require different dyes to obtain the same colour; this may be done by putting the appropriate colour dye that is specific to each type of fibre in to one dye bath.
• For eg: a fabric composed of rayon and acetate can be dyed with a solid colour green by using a direct dye for the rayon, and a disperse dye of the same colour for the acetate.
2.Resist/Reserve dyeing:
• In resist dyeing at least one (but not all) of the components of the blend remains essentially undyed i.e almost white.
3.Cross dyeing:
• Cross dyeing produces fibres of contrasting color
• This is two types-
a)Shadow effect/Tone-in-Tone dyeing:
Two fibres are dyed in same hue & brightness but the depth is different. It is called tone-in-tone or shadow effect.
b)Contrast effect:
Two fibres are dyed with strong difference in hue, brightness & depth.This is called contrast effect. Pleasing final appearance is important here.
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Pina fiber is obtained from the leaves of pineapple plants. It is made through a labor intensive process of cutting leaves, separating fibers, and hand scraping and knotting them. Pina fiber is lustrous and durable with physical and chemical properties that make it resistant to wear and require no harsh chemicals for care. While pina fabric was once globally in demand, cheaper cotton replaced it until recent revival efforts that have restored its status as a symbol of Philippine culture and elite fashion. Pina weaving survives as an important cultural heritage craft.
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Flocking is defined as the application of fine particles to adhesive coated surfaces. Nowadays, this is usually done by the application of a high-voltage electric field. In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue.
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Different Count Used In Textile
There are three main systems used for measuring yarn count: fixed weight, fixed length, and Tex. The fixed weight system uses British and American units, fixed length uses metric units, and Tex is an internationally agreed upon standard. Yarn count can be measured directly by weight per unit length or indirectly by length per unit weight. Direct systems include Tex, Denier, pounds per spindle, militex, and kilotex. Indirect systems include English, French, metric, and worsted counts. It is important in the textile industry to have standardized yarn counting systems to distinguish thickness and facilitate calculations involving weight.
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- Applications include reinforcement, insulation, roofing, scaffolding, and architectural membranes. New applications in textile architecture are also discussed.
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1) Textiles are used widely in automobiles for both visible and concealed components. Visible textiles include upholstery, carpets, and headliners, while concealed textiles are used in tyre cords, hoses, airbags, filters, and more.
2) Different fibers are used for different automobile components depending on the required properties. For example, polyester is commonly used for upholstery due to its strength and durability, while nylon is used for seat belts and airbags due to its high tensile strength.
3) Automotive textiles must meet stringent performance standards regarding properties like strength, abrasion and heat resistance, flame retardancy, and durability
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This document discusses various fibres used in technical textiles. It begins by defining technical textiles as materials selected for their performance properties rather than aesthetic qualities. The document then categorizes fibres used in technical textiles into conventional, high strength/modulus organic, high chemical/combustion resistant, high performance inorganic, and ultra fine/novelty fibres. Specific fibres discussed in more detail include polyethylene, polyester, nylon, carbon, polypropylene, glass, and metal fibres. Their properties and applications in areas like transportation, medical, construction, and protection are outlined. In closing, the document notes the high estimated growth rates of the technical textiles market between 2007-2012.
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Modal is a type of rayon fiber that is stronger and more dimensionally stable when wet than regular viscose rayon. It is produced through a modified viscose process involving treatment with weaker caustic soda and lower concentrations of acids and salts in the coagulating bath. This results in longer polymer chains and a more crystalline structure compared to viscose rayon. Modal fiber is commonly blended with cotton or polyester and used in textiles like towels, bed sheets, and clothing due to its soft, absorbent properties and resemblance to cotton.
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Basic knowledge about blend dyeing
Dyeing of Blended Fibres & Fabrics
Blends:
Blends are any textile material from fiber through yarn to fabric which are deliberate combination of chemically or physically different fibrous polymer. Cotton and Polyester blend is an example of chemically different blend and Cotton and Viscose is physically different blend because both are cellulosic.
Reason for blending:
1.Economy: The dilution of an expensive fibre by blending with a cheaper substitute.
2.Durability: The incorporation of a more durable component to extend the useful life of a relatively fragile fibre.
3.Physical properties: A compromise to take advantage of desirable performance charactristics contribuition by both fibre components.
4.Color: The development of new fabric design for garments incorporating multicolor effect.
5.Appearance: The attainment of attractive appearance & perceptible qualities using combinations of yarns of different lusture, crimp or denier which still differ in appearance even when dyed with same color.
6.Other reasons-
Blending develops fibre properties.
Colorant modification is possible by blending.
Finishing process modification.
Improved moisture absorption, antistatic characteristics, reduced pilling, improved abrasion resistance.
Dyeing Possibilities with Blends:
1.Union Dyeing:
• This is suitable for fabrics containing two fibres to dye them in a single uniform colour, each dye suitable for one kind of fibre in the blend.
• Union dyeing is same as cross dyeing except that instead of multi-colour effects. One solid colour is produced. The dyer accomplishes this by using two or more classes of dye, each of the same colours.
• Different fibres may require different dyes to obtain the same colour; this may be done by putting the appropriate colour dye that is specific to each type of fibre in to one dye bath.
• For eg: a fabric composed of rayon and acetate can be dyed with a solid colour green by using a direct dye for the rayon, and a disperse dye of the same colour for the acetate.
2.Resist/Reserve dyeing:
• In resist dyeing at least one (but not all) of the components of the blend remains essentially undyed i.e almost white.
3.Cross dyeing:
• Cross dyeing produces fibres of contrasting color
• This is two types-
a)Shadow effect/Tone-in-Tone dyeing:
Two fibres are dyed in same hue & brightness but the depth is different. It is called tone-in-tone or shadow effect.
b)Contrast effect:
Two fibres are dyed with strong difference in hue, brightness & depth.This is called contrast effect. Pleasing final appearance is important here.
Packtech
Packtech refers to packaging textiles used for protection, distribution, labeling, customer convenience, selling, and promoting brands during transportation and storage. This document discusses various types of packtech products including polyolefin woven sacks, flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC), leno bags, wrapping fabric, jute sacks, tea bags, and soft luggage products. It also outlines the roles, reasons for use, categories, advantages, and important global market for packtech textiles.
Direct printing
This document discusses different types of direct printing techniques. Direct printing involves applying dye directly to fabric using blocks, screens, or rollers to create patterns. The key types discussed are block printing, roller printing, screen printing, flat screen printing, and rotary screen printing. Block printing is the oldest method and involves manually pressing carved wooden blocks into fabric. Roller printing uses engraved metal rollers to print continuously on fabric. Screen printing applies dye through cutout stencils or printed screens. Flat and rotary screen printing are automated versions of screen printing using machines.
Milling of wool
Milling is a process that felts wool fabrics to make them thicker, fuller, and more uniform. It involves treating wool fabrics with moisture, heat, and pressure in a milling machine. There are several types of milling depending on the chemicals used, such as alkaline milling using sodium carbonate, soap milling using soap solutions, and acid milling using diluted sulfuric acid. The objective is to felt the wool fibers together to condense and shrink the fabric while also making the weave less visible. Milling improves the strength, handle, and appearance of the wool fabric.
Different types of loom
Loom is machine or device which is used to produce woven fabric. It is the central point of whole process of cloth production. In other word, a loom is a mechanism or tool used for weaving yarn and thread into textiles. Looms vary in a wide assortment of sizes. They come in huge free standing hand looms, tiny hand-held frames, to vast automatic mechanical tools. A loom can as well pertain to an electric line construction like that of a wiring loom. The main task of looms is to clutch the twist threads under pressure to enable the progress of interweaving of the woof strands. The loom's system and exact form can differ to some extent; however it still performs the basic application.
Pina Fiber
Pina fiber is obtained from the leaves of pineapple plants. It is made through a labor intensive process of cutting leaves, separating fibers, and hand scraping and knotting them. Pina fiber is lustrous and durable with physical and chemical properties that make it resistant to wear and require no harsh chemicals for care. While pina fabric was once globally in demand, cheaper cotton replaced it until recent revival efforts that have restored its status as a symbol of Philippine culture and elite fashion. Pina weaving survives as an important cultural heritage craft.
Flock printing
Flocking is defined as the application of fine particles to adhesive coated surfaces. Nowadays, this is usually done by the application of a high-voltage electric field. In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue.
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This document provides information about different types of fibers, yarns and fabrics. It discusses natural fibers like cotton, linen, wool and silk. It describes their properties, advantages and disadvantages. It also covers various man-made fibers including rayon, polyester, nylon, acrylic and spandex. Details are given about their production processes and end uses. Different types of basic and fancy yarns are also outlined. The document aims to educate about fiber, yarn and fabric classification.
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- Dyeing parameters like temperature, pH, time, and liquor ratios for different dyeing processes.
- Quality assurance system to check fabric properties before and after processing.
- Calculations related to dyeing capacity and chemical requirements.
- Finishing target details to control fabric quality like shade, GSM, shrinkage and spirality.
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The document provides information on various types of dyes used in the textile industry such as direct dyes, vat dyes, disperse dyes, and reactive dyes. It describes the properties and mechanisms of each dye type. It also discusses natural dyes extracted from plants and provides tips for more sustainable and eco-friendly dyeing processes.
Workshop on fabrics manufacturing technology
This document summarizes information about weaving and knitting manufacturing technologies. It defines key terms related to textiles like fabric, woven, and knit. It describes the processes of warp preparation, weft preparation, warping, sizing, drafting, denting and looming involved in weaving. For knitting, it outlines the basic elements of needles, sinkers and cams. It also explains primary knitted fabric structures like plain, rib, interlock and purl styles. Sample calculations are provided for determining the production rate of a circular knitting machine.
Textile software
In this slide, we describe the best use textile software, which is like peas and carrots to industry.
eco friendly textile processing
www.textilecore.com
The presentation gives you the information about new eco friendly textile processing.
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The document describes Dye Manager, a production management software for yarn dyeing businesses. It consists of 5 modules that track orders, inventory, recipes, batch planning, and costs. The software provides integrated reporting to give managers visibility across production. It is implemented for several textile dyeing and knitting companies in Bangladesh to help them reduce costs and optimize operations.
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Yarn printing (Space dyeing)
Yarn printing means the localized application of dyes or pigment and chemicals by any method which can produce particular effect of color on the yarn or onto a yarn package according to the design. Yarn printing is also known as “Space Dyeing”. Although the printing of yarns for true patterned effects proved very difficult tom control, the random space-dyed effects that can be more readily attained by a variety of yarn-printing methods have continued to be popular.
Textile coloration
If we work with a cross section
of the color tree as CIELab space,
this space is divided by two
axes which intersect at a
grey neutral area in the centre.
“a” is the red-green axis which
is red on the positive side and
green on the negative side.
“b” is the yellow-blue axis which
is yellow on the positive end and
blue on negative end.
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This 3-month course teaches students practical skills in textile manufacturing processes like tufting, weaving, dyeing and embroidery. It aims to provide work experience, not just a certificate, so that students can get good salaries. Students will learn to make home furnishing products and get familiar with the production processes. The course includes practical projects and teaches skills like quality control and cost calculation to help students get jobs in the textile industry like merchandiser, marketing, and production roles.
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Waterless dyeing by supercritical co2
Supercritical fluids like carbon dioxide have properties of both liquids and gases. When carbon dioxide is heated and pressurized above its critical point, it can be used for waterless dyeing. The dyeing process involves loading carbon dioxide with dye, circulating it through fabric to allow deep penetration and diffusion. After dyeing, the carbon dioxide is recovered and recycled. This process eliminates wastewater and the need for detergents or other auxiliaries. It also reduces dyeing time and energy usage compared to conventional aqueous dyeing.
Super critical fluid dyeing
1. The document discusses supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) dyeing as an alternative to conventional water-based dyeing.
2. Supercritical CO2 dyeing eliminates the use of water, chemicals, and auxiliaries in the dyeing process. It also reduces energy requirements compared to conventional dyeing.
3. The key advantages are that it produces no wastewater, reduces costs, and is more environmentally friendly than conventional dyeing.
Textile calculations
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This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. Some key points include:
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- There are indirect and direct systems for classifying yarn counts including English, French, metric, worsted, and tex/denier systems.
- Formulas are provided for calculating production rates for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding, and s
Chemicals used in textile wet processing & their function assignment work
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This document provides information on chemicals used in various textile wet processing stages. It discusses chemicals used in pre-treatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching and mercerization. Specific chemicals are listed along with their functions in each process. The document also covers latest specialty chemicals used in pre-treatment like cracking agents, bleach processors and surfactants. Finally, it briefly introduces dyes and dyeing process.Textile Calculations and Equations
Production = no. of needle x no of feeder x RPM x stitch length/ yarn count
Production per shift in KG at 100% efficiency
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FIBRE TO FABRIC CLASS VI
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A Material which is available in the form of thin and continuous stand is called Fibre.
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Lotus fibre
- 1. LOTUS FIBRE
- 2. PROCESSING FIBRE EXTRACTION: Gathering of lotus leaf stems. Knife cut is made around a bunch of 5-6 stems. Twisting is done to reveal 20-30 fine white filaments. They are drawn and rolled into a single thread. YARN PREPARATION: Placing skeins on bamboo spinning frame. Transferring the thread onto winders for warping process.
- 5. To avoid tangling,40m yarn lifted from warp post and is coiled into plastic bags. Yarn for weft is wound onto small bamboo bobbins. WEAVING: Type of Loom-Cambodian Loom(no warp beam). Width of the cloth-24”(60-75cm). Fabric is woven in 100yds(90m) batches.
- 7. Fibres from 120,000 lotus stems are needed to weave the fabric for a costume. Dye - chemical or natural dyes. PROPERTIES: Finest aquatic fibres Breathable & comfortable Soft & irregular weft Crease resistance Under small stress,lotus fibre has good elasticity
- 8. Appearance of linen or raw silk Colour of lotus fibre-milky yellow Wrinkle free Cellulosic fibre Cool, stiff & neat Moisture absorption & fast drying STRUCTURE: Lotus fibre is multi-filament(fineness of each monofilament-4µm, space between-3µm to 5µm). Cross section of fibre-round or oval.
- 9. COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES WITH OTHER FIBRES Initial modulus is 146.81 cN/dtex-superior to cotton,wool,silk and close to ramie. Breaking tenacity is 3.44 cN/dtex-superior to wool, close to cotton,silk and next to ramie. Elongation at break is 2.75%-close to ramie and smaller than cotton,wool & silk.
- 10. ADVANTAGES: It is a powerful plant as it has many healing properties. Environmental friendly as it is organic and natural fibre. DISADVANTAGES: Raw material collection to yarn spinning and weaving is completely handmade. Time consuming and expensive. The lotus fabric must be weaved within 24 hours to prevent the detoriation of fibre.
- 11. BLENDING WITH OTHER FIBRES: Can mix with 100% silk. Blending of 15% lotus fibre and 85% Cotton can be used for upholstry and draperies. BRANDS USING LOTUS FIBRE: Kyar chi(scarf and sacred fabric) Italian Fashion Company- Lora Piana
- 12. LORA PIANA TRADEMARKED A NEW KIND OF FABRIC MADE FROM LOTUS FLOWER FIBER. Each jacket will cost roughly EUR 4,000 (about $5,600).
- 13. THANK YOU