This is fundamental description , processing of fiber to fabric and their types. types of fiber, spinning process, techniques of fabric making ,
cover basic natural fibers and fabric ,
Fiber is the main part of a textile material. All fabric/garments properties and process is directly depends on fiber which contain by the garment.A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Various methods are used for fiber identification like microscopic methods, solubility, heating and burning method, density and staining etc. End-use property characterization methods often involve use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use.
Twill weave is a kind of weave that repeat on three or more ends and picks and produces diagonal line on the face of fabric.
In a regular twill the diagonal line or twill line produces at 45 degree angle with the horizontal.
Concept:
The most characteristic of twill is that they have diagonal lines on the cloth.
Fiber is the main part of a textile material. All fabric/garments properties and process is directly depends on fiber which contain by the garment.A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Various methods are used for fiber identification like microscopic methods, solubility, heating and burning method, density and staining etc. End-use property characterization methods often involve use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use.
Twill weave is a kind of weave that repeat on three or more ends and picks and produces diagonal line on the face of fabric.
In a regular twill the diagonal line or twill line produces at 45 degree angle with the horizontal.
Concept:
The most characteristic of twill is that they have diagonal lines on the cloth.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
this presentation will give the basic information about the fibers & yarns that ultimately makes fabrics for this industry. It is helpful for beginners as well as established design professional by giving them exact nature of fabrics they are working over or is going to start a new level by different fabrics.
Two different systems are followed in wool processing, the woolen system, and the worsted system. In the woolen system, the fibers are carded and then spun It affects the processing efficiency as well as the quality of the product.This presentation has focused on wool spinning particularly woolen & worsted spinning process.
FIBRE TO FARIC
A Material which is available in the form of thin and continuous stand is called Fibre.
The thin strands of thread that we see are made up of still thinner strands called Fibres.
The cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibre is called Fabric.
There are two types of fibres, vi
1. Natural Fibre
2. Man – Made fibre or Synthetic Fibre
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
this presentation will give the basic information about the fibers & yarns that ultimately makes fabrics for this industry. It is helpful for beginners as well as established design professional by giving them exact nature of fabrics they are working over or is going to start a new level by different fabrics.
Two different systems are followed in wool processing, the woolen system, and the worsted system. In the woolen system, the fibers are carded and then spun It affects the processing efficiency as well as the quality of the product.This presentation has focused on wool spinning particularly woolen & worsted spinning process.
FIBRE TO FARIC
A Material which is available in the form of thin and continuous stand is called Fibre.
The thin strands of thread that we see are made up of still thinner strands called Fibres.
The cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibre is called Fabric.
There are two types of fibres, vi
1. Natural Fibre
2. Man – Made fibre or Synthetic Fibre
Presenting various Fiber and Fabrics used in the hospitality Industry and the structure of fibers, weaning method and Fabric types were described with required examples
Technology of finishing presentation
Topic- Finishing of Silk
VIJAY PRAKASH
TEXTILE CHEMISTRY
STUDENT COUNCIL REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT CENTRAL TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE KANPUR
for level two fashion design student fabric used area in apparel.pptxMezgebuTesfaye4
Generally garment is manufactured from finished fabric. Each one of us wear clothes made up of different types of fabric. The most common types of fabric used for garemnts are Cotton voile, Cotton lawn, Rayon challis, Chambray, Denim, Double gauze, knit, Silk, Satin, Linen, Wool, Flannel etc.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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2. 1.Introduction of Textile and Textile Fibers
2.The history of fibers is as old as human civilization. Traces of natural fibers have been
located to ancient civilizations all over the globe. For many thousand years, the usage of fiber
was limited by natural fibers such as flax, cotton, silk, wool and plant fibers for different
applications. Fibers can be divided into natural fibers and man-made or chemical fibers. Flax is
considered to be the oldest and the most used natural fiber since ancient times.
7. 3.“fiber” or “textile fiber” A unit of matter which is capable of being spun into a yarn or
made into a fabric by bonding or by interlacing in a variety of methods including weaving,
knitting, braiding, felting, twisting, or webbing, and which is the basic structural element of
textile products.
It is a smallest textile component which is microscopic hair like substance that may be man
made or natural.
They have length at least hundred times to that of their diameter or width
4.Fiber Categories • Natural • Originate from natural sources • Plant (cellulosic) or animal
(protein) • Manufactured, synthetic, or man-made (terms interchangeable) • Originate from
chemical sources • May also be from regenerated or recycled sources
5.Natural Fibers • Cellulosic (from plants) • Cotton • From cotton plants • Flax (linen) • From
flax stems • Protein (from animals) • Silk • From cocoons of silkworms • Wool • From fleece
(hair) of sheep or lambs cocoon • lambs
8.
9. • Cotton, one of the world’s leading agricultural crops, is plentiful and economically produced,
making cotton products relatively inexpensive.
• Cotton fabrics can be extremely durable and resistant to abrasion. Cotton accepts many dyes, is
usually washable, and can be ironed at relatively high temperatures.
• It is comfortable to wear because it absorbs and releases moisture quickly.
• When warmth is desired, it can be napped, a process giving the fabric a downy surface. Various
finishing processes have been developed to make cotton resistant to stains, water, and mildew; to
increase resistance to wrinkling, thus reducing or eliminating the need for ironing; and to reduce
shrinkage in laundering to not more than 1 percent.
• Nonwoven cotton, made by fusing or bonding the fibres together, is useful for making disposable
products to be used as towels, polishing cloths, tea bags, tablecloths, bandages, and disposable
uniforms and sheets for hospital and other medical uses.
10.
11. Cotton Processing -
• Harvesting and Growing
• Ginning and Bailing
• Opening and Picking
• Carding
• Combing
• Slivering
• Drawing
• Roving
• Spinning
• Weaving
12. • Silk is a filament spun by the caterpillars of various butter flies. Silk is a
natural protein filament. Its filament density is 1.34 g/cm which make it a
medium weight fiber. Very light weight silk textile materials may be
manufacturing from silk filaments.
• Different Types of Silk:
• Wild or tussah silk: Wild or Tussah silk is a tan-colored fiber from the
cultivated silk worm which feeds on so rub oak. As the cocoons are always
pierced the fibers are shorter than reeled silk. It is different both physically
and chemically from ordinary silk. It is brown in colure, considerably stiffer
and coarser .It is less reactive towards chemical. It is used in the shantung
pongee.
•
13. • Thrown or Greg silk: Thrown silk consists of two or more threads of
raw silk reeled tighter and given a slight twist.
•
• Organize silk: Organize silk is produced from best cocoons. It contains
two or more stands each composed of number of greges twist together
slightly. These threads are then doubled and re-twisted in the opposite
direction to the original twist in the strands (Strand mean a number of
flexible strings twisted together into a rope. Organize silk is used for warp
threads when high tensile strength is required.
•
• Tram silk: Tram silk is usually made from cocoons of lower grade, like
organize. It is composed of two or more strands of thrown silk lightly twisted
together and then doubled.
•
• Chappell silk: When silk is still in the green is spun the yarn is known as
chappell.
14. • The Manufacturing Steps of Silk:
•
Sericulture:
•
• Sericulture the care & nurture of the silk caterpillar is a tedious pain streaking business.
The worm cultivation is called sericulture. The process starts with silk mouth, which less
eggs on specially prepared paper.
•
Softening Cocoons:
•
• The cocoons are shorted according to color, shape & texture.
•
Softening The sericine:
•
• When the silk warm is grown it spins a double strand of silk fibers surrounded by water
soluble substance is called sericine.
15. • Reeling:
•
• The process by which filament is taken up from the cocoons is called reeling . The diameter of the
filament is so little that if it is reeled , its commercial value will be decrease . Moreover double
filament is too delicate to handle alone .
•
Throwing :
•
• The production of yarn from reeled silk know as throwing consists adding twist or of doubling
further twisting these strands into the desired size . When tow or three of silk multifilament are
twisted together to from heavier threads , this process is called throwing .
•
• Advantages of silk fabric:
•
• 1. Luxurious hand (the feel of a fiber, yarn, or fabric to the wearer)
• 2. Excellent drape (a fabrics ability to fold while worn)
• 3. Wonderful luster (reflection of light on fabric)
• 4. Hydrophilic
• Stain resistant
• 6. Strong but lightweight
•
18. WOOL FIBER (ANIMAL AND PROTIEN FIBER)
• https://www.woolmark.com/fibre/
wool, animal fibre forming the protective covering, or fleece,
of sheep or of other hairy mammals, such as goats and camels.
Prehistoric man, clothing himself with sheepskins, eventually
learned to make yarn and fabric from their fibre covering.
Selective sheep breeding eliminated most of the long, coarse
hairs forming a protective outer coat, leaving the insulating
fleecy undercoat of soft, fine fibre.
19.
20.
21. SPINNING
• Spinning is the process of conversion of textile fibers and filaments
into yarns for weaving or knitting into fabrics. In this article, we are
going to know about the various processes which lead to the
formation of worsted spun yarns.
22.
23. • Yarn is a strand
composed of fibres,
filaments (individual
fibres of extreme length),
or other materials, either
natural or synthetic,
suitable for use in the
construction of interlaced
fabrics, such as woven
or knitted types.
29. 7.Weaving Weaving is a textile craft in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced
to form a fabric or cloth.
8.Plain weave Plain weave (also called tabby weave or taffeta weave) is the most basic of three
fundamental types of textile weaves (along with satin weave and twill). It is strong and hard-
wearing, used for fashion and furnishing fabrics. A plain-woven fabric In plain weave, the
warp and weft are aligned (associated) so they form a simple criss-cross pattern. Each weft
thread crosses the warp threads by going over one, then under the next, and so on. The next
weft thread goes under the warp threads that its neighbor went over, and vice versa. In
weaving, weft or woof is the yarn which is drawn through the warp yarns to create cloth
9.Balanced plain weaves are fabrics in which the warp and weft are made of threads of the
same weight (size) and the same number of ends per inch as picks per inch. Balanced plain
weave • Basket weave is a variation of plain weave in which two or more threads are bundled
and then woven as one in the warp or weft, or both. Basket weave
30. 10.Satin Weave The satin weave is distinguished by its lustrous, or 'silky',
appearance. Satin describes the way the threads are combined, and the yarn used
may be silk or polyester, among others, giving different fabrics. Stain weave for
silk with 16 warp yarns floating over each weft yarn
11.Twill Weave Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of diagonal parallel
ribs (in contrast with a satin and plain weave). This is done by passing the weft
thread over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads
and so on, with a "step" or offset between rows to create the characteristic
diagonal pattern. Because of this structure, twills generally drape well. Examples
of twill fabric are chino, drill, denim, gabardine, tweed and serge.
12.Braiding A braid (also called plait) is a complex structure or pattern formed by
intertwining three or more strands of flexible material such as textile fibres, wire,
or human hair.
•
31.
32. • It is also called tabby weave or taffeta weave or linen weave.
There are many variations of this weave: by combining the materials, the
characteristics of the yarn (colour, size, type) and the reductions, very different
results are obtained.
• Fabrics woven with plain weave are: batiste, crepe, percale, taffeta, chiffon,
georgette, organza, muslin.
• The basket weave, also called hopsack weave, is a variation of the plain weave
obtained by equal extension of the number of both warp and weft threads
(doubled, tripled): the result is an effect like a straw basket.
The fabric woven with a basket weave has a matte weave and flexibility and a
looser construction. It is not as durable as plain weave, though and may shrink in
the wash. It is difficult to sew.
• The rib weave is a modification of a plain weave in which two or more paired
warp yarns intertwine simultaneously with one or more weft yarns. The effect is a
chessboard with an equal right to the reverse.
• In our online shop you can find the following fabrics woven with plain
weave: crepe de chine, crepe de chine stretch, wool double
crêpe, taffeta, chiffon, georgette, organza, pique stretch, wool
crepe, cady and muslin.
•
33. • Twill weave
• Twill weave is distinguished by diagonal lines.
In this weave, one or more warp fibers alternately weave over and under two or more weft
fibers repeatedly (weft-faced) or one or more weft fibers alternately weave over and under
two or more warp fibers repeatedly (warp-faced), creating a characteristic diagonal
appearance.
• It is a very versatile and resistant weave, characterized by parallel diagonal lines, with the
front side different from the back side.
Fabrics made with this weave are not stiff, they adapt to movement with a beautiful drape,
even if they are made with heavy yarns.
• The most used material for this weave is wool, but cotton, silk and synthetic yarns can
also be used.
Silk twill is widely used as a base for accessories, such as scarves or pareos with fancy
prints.
In denim, inarguably the most famous twill fabric, the weft-thread is white or off-white and
the warp-thread is indigo-dyed.
• In our online shop of new tess you can find the following fabrics woven with twill
weave: gabardine stretch, radzemire, tweed and tartan.
34. • Satin weave
• Although satin-weave drafts superficially resemble those of twills, satin weave does not
have the regular step in each successive weft that is characteristic of twills. Thus, the
intertwining of the threads does not give rise to diagonal lines but to spaced and evenly
distributed spots.
• The fabric is smooth faced, with an unbroken and lustrous surface, made up of long
floating warp yarns.
This weave offers the best results with the use of silk yarns, making the fabrics smooth
and uniform.
• The main fabrics with this weave are: satin, rasatello, duchesse, damask, brocade,
lampas.
Normally satins are heavier than plain weaves or twills, but they have a soft handle and
excellent drape.
• In our online shop you can find the following fabrics woven with satin weave: shantung
satin, stretch satin, cotton sateen stretch, lightweight cotton sateen
stretch, duchesse, crepe satin.
42. • Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile,
or fabric. It is used to create many types of garments. Knitting may be
done by hand or by machine.
• Knitting creates stitches: loops of yarn in a row, either flat or in the
round (tubular). There are usually many active stitches on the knitting
needle at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive
rows of connected loops that intermesh with the next and previous
rows. As each row is formed, each newly created loop is pulled
through one or more loops from the prior row and placed on
the gaining needle so that the loops from the prior row can be pulled
off the other needle without unraveling.
43. BRAIDING
Braiding, in textiles, machine or hand method of interlacing three or
more yarns or bias-cut cloth strips in such a way that they cross one
another and are laid together in diagonal formation, forming a narrow strip
of flat or tubular fabric. The word plaiting is generally applied when such
materials as rope or straw are employed.