This document provides information about cotton and the cotton production process. It discusses the history and global production of cotton. It also outlines the steps involved in transforming cotton fibers into yarn, including blowroom, carding, drawing, roving, ring frame, and combing processes. Finally, it notes some key characteristics of cotton yarns and common yarn faults.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Flax fibers are among the oldest fiber crops in the world and the use of flax for the production of linen goes back 5000 years
.Flax fiber is soft, lustrous and flexible.
It is stronger than cotton fiber but less elastic.
The best grades are used for linen fabrics such as damasks, lace and sheeting.
Coarser grades are used for the manufacturing of twine and rope.
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the fabric is called weft knitting.Warp knitting machines--needles are mounted collectively and rigidly in a horizontal metal bar (the needle bar that runs the full knitting width of the machine).
Flax fibers are among the oldest fiber crops in the world and the use of flax for the production of linen goes back 5000 years
.Flax fiber is soft, lustrous and flexible.
It is stronger than cotton fiber but less elastic.
The best grades are used for linen fabrics such as damasks, lace and sheeting.
Coarser grades are used for the manufacturing of twine and rope.
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the fabric is called weft knitting.Warp knitting machines--needles are mounted collectively and rigidly in a horizontal metal bar (the needle bar that runs the full knitting width of the machine).
As part of the recent release of Hadoop 2 by the Apache Software Foundation, YARN and MapReduce 2 deliver significant upgrades to scheduling, resource management, and execution in Hadoop.
At their core, YARN and MapReduce 2’s improvements separate cluster resource management capabilities from MapReduce-specific logic. YARN enables Hadoop to share resources dynamically between multiple parallel processing frameworks such as Cloudera Impala, allows more sensible and finer-grained resource configuration for better cluster utilization, and scales Hadoop to accommodate more and larger jobs.
Yarn realisation is one of the Key Performance parameter for achieving profits in a Spinning mills.In these slides WINSYS SMC explains in detail along with its case studies.
we are manufacturer cotton ginning machinery like,
Cotton Double Roller Gin Machine
About : PRAMUH STEEL INDUSTRIES, Manufacturer : cotton machinery
Pramukh Steel Industries is one of the most renowned organizations engaged in delivering a wide range of Cotton Ginning Machinery and ginnery products in the market.
We are a manufacturer, exporter, supplier and trader of Cotton Ginning & Cleanning Machinery. Our products are made by using optimum quality raw materials that are sourced from authentic vendors of the market. We assure that our products are rigorously tested by our quality analyst at our in-house quality testing lab. Hence, our products are highly acclaimed by the eminent clients for their reliability, longer shell life, performance, easy installation and reasonable price.
We have support of a team of skilled & competent professionals who hold wide domain knowledge and experience. With their immense support and help, we have been able to deliver such flawless quality products like Ginning Machine, Cotton Ginning Machinery in the market. Our professionals keep themselves updated with all the latest market developments so that we can fulfill clients requirement by delivering latest products. Besides, they stringently test the whole product range on the basis of their quality, durability, maintenance, installation and finishing. Due to our quality products, we have set a remarkable position in the market by meeting maximum client satisfaction.
We are also manufacture of d.r.machine spare parts all types of ginning machine,our all parts are manufacture in C.N.C ,V.M.C , H.M.C & more automatic machine so our quality is best for others Manufacturer.We supply our Machinery In India (Rajasthan,Gujrat,Orrisa,Telangana), also In African Countries (Madagascar,Uganda,Tanzania & Lusaka).
OUR PRODUCT
1. Double Roller GIN MACHINE (JUMBO MODEL)
2. COTTON REVOLING BALING PRESS
3. COTTON LINT-CLENER
4. COTTON PRE-CLANER
5. ROLL GROOVING MACHINE
6. ROLL PRESSING MACHINE
7. HOPPRE BELT FOR MANUAL PRESS
8. ALL TYPES GIN PARTS
9. CONVER RUBBER BELT SYSTEM
10. GINING MACHINE SPARE PARTS
11. STORAGE BOX
12. AUTOMATIC CONVEYOUR SYSTEM
13. AUTOMATIC TROLLY SYSTEM
I Shall appreciate a positive response from you.
Watch our video in you-tube as “ginning machine” (Pramukhgin)
Link is https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOd8XouLMVmg2yQfhBgnCTA
You May Contact Below Address.
“PRAMUKH STEEL INDUSTRIES”
Vishala Estate,Sardar Patel Ring Road,
Kathwada, Ahmedabad-380 001.
(M) : 9586422904,989809752
Email: pramukhgin@yahoo.com,info@pramukhgroups.com
Web site : www.pramukhgroups.com
the complate process off the raw cottan to the fabric making step by step including the video please reffer the link ::
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NOTE - open in MS office for better view and for support diffrent types of text
From Fibre To Fabric The Fascinating Journey Of Cotton From Fibre To Fabric.pptxAKASHRai812944
From the fields of India to the fashion capital of Paris, cotton , has been making waves in the textile industry for centuries, Join us as we explore the journey of cotton fibre to fabric and what makes it such an indispensable material.
From Fibre To Fabric The Fascinating Journey Of Cotton From Fibre To Fabric.pdfAKASHRai812944
From the fields of India to the fashion capital of Paris, cotton , has been making waves in the textile industry for centuries, Join us as we explore the journey of cotton fibre to fabric and what makes it such an indispensable material.
In this chapter production ,phsical and chemical properties ,physical and chemical structures as well as end use applications of cotton and other bast fibers will be studied.
FIBRE TO FARIC
A Material which is available in the form of thin and continuous stand is called Fibre.
The thin strands of thread that we see are made up of still thinner strands called Fibres.
The cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile fibre is called Fabric.
There are two types of fibres, vi
1. Natural Fibre
2. Man – Made fibre or Synthetic Fibre
SupplyCompass joins forces with Woolmark to develop a comprehensive guide to cover everything you need to know about wool. We also highlight the considerations for designing a collection with wool, the environmental, animal and social impacts, The Woolmark Company's certification, and the latest innovations in wool.
1. DIPLOMA IN TEXTILE & APPEREL TECHNOLOGY
Sri Lanka institute of Textile & apparel
2014/2015
Name : E.C.Maduranga Ediriweera
Reg. No : DTAT-P/21/2014
Name Of Dep. : Courtaulds Clothing (pvt) ltd
Name Of Lecturer: Mr. N P P S K Pathirana
Date : 21/02/2015
2. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and
subtropical regions around the world,
including the Americas, Africa, and India.
The greatest diversity of wild cotton
species is found in Mexico, followed by
Australia and Africa. Cotton was
independently domesticated in the Old and
New Worlds.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule,
around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is
almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to
increase the dispersion of the seeds.
3. Cotton was used in the Old World at least 7,000 years ago (5th millennium BC). Evidence of cotton use has
been found at the site of Mehrgarh, where early cotton threads have been preserved in copper
beads. Cotton cultivation became more widespread during the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered
parts of modern eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. The Indus cotton industry was well developed
and some methods used in cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the industrialization of
India. Between 2000 and 1000 BC cotton became widespread across much of India. For example, it has
been found at the site of Hallus in Karnataka dating from around 1000 BC.
Cotton fabrics discovered in a cave near Tehuacán,
Mexico have been dated to around 5800 BC,
although it is difficult to know for certain due to fiber
decay. Other sources date the domestication of
cotton in Mexico to approximately 5000 to 3000 BC.
4. Egyptian Cotton
Sea Island Cotton
Pima Cotton
Asiatic Cotton
American Upland Cotton
Canton Cotton
French Terry Cotton
Organic Cotton
Bamboo Cotton
and many more
5. Successful cultivation of cotton requires a long frost-free period, plenty of sunshine, and
a moderate rainfall, usually from 600 to 1200 mm (24 to 48 inches). Soils usually need to
be fairly heavy, although the level of nutrients does not need to be exceptional. In
general, these conditions are met within the seasonally dry tropics and subtropics in the
Northern and Southern hemispheres, but a large proportion of the cotton grown today is
cultivated in areas with less rainfall that obtain the water from irrigation. Cotton grows in
any part of the world where the growing season is long and the climate temperate to hot
with adequate rainfall or irrigation Cotton grows best in best climate
.
6. Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton, from
plants not genetically modified, that is certified to be
grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural
chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production
also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological
cycles. United States cotton plantations are required to
enforce the National Organic Program (NOP). This
institution determines the allowed practices for pest
control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic
crops. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were
produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was
growing at a rate of more than 50% per year
7. Most cotton in the United States, Europe, and Australia is harvested
mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from
the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips
the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too
windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a
chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is
a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will
continue to grow.
Cotton continues to be picked by hand in developing countries.
8. Processing of cotton Involves:
Preparatory Processes
Spinning
Weaving
Finishing
Preparatory
process
Preparatory
process involves
ginning,
Blending,
Carding,
Combing,
Drawing
Spinning
Most spinning today is done
using Break or Open-end
spinning, this is a technique
where the staples are blown by
air into a rotating drum, where
they attach themselves to the
tail of formed yarn that is
continually being drawn out of
the chamber. Other methods of
break spinning use needles
and electrostatic forces. This
method has replace the older
methods of ring and mule
spinning. It is also is easily
adapted for artificial fibers.
9. The first industries set up in India us cotton industries. The first modern cotton
industries was set by Cawassji Dawar in Mumbai in 1854 AD.
The major centers of the cotton industries in India are following
Places-
Mumbai, Akola, Sholapur, Pune, Nagpur, Sata (Maharashtra); Ahmadabad, Surat,
Baroda, Rajkot, Bhavnagar (Gujarat); Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhopal (Madhya
Prades Kanpur, Lucknow, Agra, Saharanpur, Modinagar, Varan; Rampur (Uttar
Pradesh); Kolkata (W. Bengal); Chennai, Coimbator Madurai (Tamil Nadu);
Ludhiana, Amritsar (Punjab); Bangalore (Kamataka); Panipat (Haryana) and Delhi.
10. The five leading exporters of cotton
in 2011 are (1) the United States,
(2) India, (3) Brazil, (4) Australia,
and (5) Uzbekistan. The largest
nonproducing importers
are Korea, Taiwan, Russia, , and
Japan.
In India, the states of Maharashtra
(26.63%), Gujarat (17.96%) and
Andhra Pradesh (13.75%) and also
Madhya Pradesh are the leading
cotton producing states, these
states have a predominantly
tropical wet and dry climate.
Top 10 Cotton Producing Countries(in million metric
tons)
Ran
k
Country 2009 2010 2011
1 China 6,377,00 5,970,000 6,588,950
2 India 4,083,400 5,683,000 5,984,000
3 United States 2,653,520 3,941,700 3,412,550
4 Pakistan 2,111,400 1,869,000 2,312,000
5 Brazil 956,189 973,449 1,673,337
6 Uzbekistan 1,128,200 1,136,120 983,400
7 Turkey 638,250 816,705 954,600
8 Australia 329,000 386,800 843,572
9 Turkmenistan 220,100 330,000 330,000
10 Argentina 135,000 230,000 295,000
— World 19,848,921 22,714,154 24,941,738
11. Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These
include terrycloth for highly absorbent
bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric,
popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from
which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy,
seersucker and cotton twill. Socks, and most T-shirts are
made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton.
Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet
and knitting Fabric also can be made from recycled or
recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away
during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While
many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some
materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon
and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used
in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with
elastine to make a stretcher thread for knitted fabrics, and
apparel such as stretch jeans.
13. first step of cotton yarn production
for opening, cleaning and dust removal,
blending, and prepared for carding process.
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
14. FUNCTIONS:
Opening to the individual fibers.
Elimination of impurities
Elimination of dusk
Disentangling of neps
Elimination of short fibers
Fiber blending
Fiber orientation
Sliver formation
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
15. Main Parts:
1. Taker in - to open flocks out
of the feed batt, to lead them
to the dirt-eliminating parts
under the roller and to deliver
them to the main cylinder
2. Main cylinder - separate the
fibers, pull them into
somewhat parallel form.
3. Doffer - to take the individual
fibers from the main cylinder
and condense them to web
form
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
16. Functions:
To improve evenness of the sliver
To arrange fiber in parallel
Blending
Dust removal
Draw frame has a series of rollers (drafting arrangement) rotating at
different rates of speed.
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
17. to upgrade the raw material
by removing the short fibers.
Combed yarn is stronger,
more uniform, has greater
shine, smoother and purer
Functions:
Eliminate short fibers
Eliminate remaining impurities
Eliminate neps
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
18. Functions:
The attenuation of the sliver.
Impart protective twist in order to
increase the strength of slivers.
Winding of the roving into a
package that can be transported,
stored and used on the ring
spinning.
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
19. final step on producing yarn
Functions:
Attenuate the roving until required
fineness is achieved
To impact strength to the fiber strand
by twisting it
To wind up the resulting yarn in a
suitable for storage, transportation
and further processing
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
21. Yarns can be produces in different sizes and
texture, and also vary in other characteristics.
Performance and end use of the fabrics are
affected by these yarn characteristics.
22. Staple or filament
Single or plied or cord
Simple or complex
23. Yarns are twisted to hold the fiber together.
S Direction Z Direction
24. 1) Direct System
Weight in grams of 9000 meters of yarnDenier
Tex
Decitex
Weight in grams of 1000 meters of yarn
Weight in grams of 10000 meters of yarn
2) Indirect System
Yarn count (s) Length in hank of 1 pound of yarn (weighs)
1 hank = 840 yards
25. Introduction:
Yarn quality is influenced by various types of yarn faults which also
affects the quality of fabric produced . During the yarn manufacturing
process various types of irregularities are generated in the yarn
diameter regularly or at intervals which are known as yarn faults .
These faults are mainly categorized as below :
Frequently Occurring Faults( Analyzed by Uster Evenness Tester)
Seldom Occurring Faults( Scanned by Uster Classimat Tester)
DIFFERENT TYPES OF YARN
DEFECTS/FAULTS