Introduction/History Lipids classification  2 Types of storage lipid Fats and oils waxes  3 Processing of Dietry lipid in vertebrates  4 Functions  5 Diseases  6 Conclusions  7 References

1. STORAGE LIPID
.
By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. SYNOPSIS
1 Introduction/History
Lipids
classification
2 Types of storage lipid
Fats and oils
waxes
3 Processing of Dietry lipid in vertebrates
4 Functions
5 Diseases
6 Conclusions
7 References

3. SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
ADIPOCYTES - storage cell.
LIPASE- enzyme that hydrolyze neutral fats.
LEPTIN- hormone that regulate fat in body.
LIPOPROTEIN- protein bind with lipid and act as a carrier.

4. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
The term lipid was used for the first time by
Bloor in 1943.
 Lipids are heterogeneous group of compounds
related to fatty acids and include fats, oils, waxes
and other related substances.
CLASSIFICATION
A.Simple lipids or Homolipids
B. Compound lipids or Heterolipids.
C. Derived lipids
Electron micrograph of a thin section of a fat
storage cell or adipocyte

5. STORAGE LIPIDS
• Derivatives of fatty acids.
• Low oxidation state (that is, as highly reduced)
• The cellular oxidation of fatty acids (to CO2 and H2O) is highly exergonic.
Two types of fatty acid–containing compounds:
FATS AND OILS (NATURAL LIPID AND TRIGLYCERIDES )
•most abundant
•constitute about 98% of total dietary lipids
•are nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules since they contain no electrically charged or
highly polar functional groups.
•In animals, adipocytes contain very large quantities of triglycerides.
• Adipocytes are abundantly found under the skin, in the abdominal cavity and in the
mammary glands.

6. Human body contains enough
fat to make 7 bars of soap !
In a normal man, weighing 70
kg, at least 10-20% of the body
weight is lipid, the bulk of
which is triacylglycerol (TAG).
Yield twice much more energy
than cabohydrates.

7. Saturated Fatty Acids
All carbon atom are interlinked by single bonds and each carbon atom carries a
hydrogen atom.
They cannot take up any more hydrogen, hence saturated. They have straight chains.
They have a general formula CnH2nO2 .
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Two adjacent carbon atom at one or more places lack hydrogen atom and are
interlinked by double bond (C=C). they can take up additional hydrogen, hence called
unsaturated.
They have general formula CnH2n-2xO2.

9. WAXES
The term “wax” originates from the Old English weax, meaning “the material of the
honeycomb.
Biological waxes are esters of long-chain (C14 to C36) saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids with long-chain (C16 to C30) alcohols.
Their melting points (60 to 100 _C) are generally higher
In plankton, the free-floating microorganisms at the bottom of the food chain for
marine animals, waxes are the chief storage form of metabolic fuel.
Lanolin (from lamb’s wool), beeswax ,
carnauba wax (from a Brazilian palm tree), and
wax extracted from spermaceti oil are widely used in
the manufacture of lotions, ointments, and polishes.
A honeycomb, constructed of
beeswax, is firm at 25_C .

10. Processing of Dietry lipid in vertebrates
Digestion and absorption of dietry lipid occur in small intestine and the fatty acid released from triglycerol
are packaged and delivered to muscles and adipose tissue.

11. FUNCTIONS OF STORAGE LIPID
RESERVE FOOD MATERIAL-
They are stored in special regions – connective around the kidney, under the dermis
in mammals , in the fat bodies in frog and lizards and in the liver in fish . The adipose
tissue are specialize in storing fat droplets.
In plants oil is stored in the seeds to provide nourisment to the germinating
embyro.
a) FUEL
b) INSULATION COATS
c) SOURCE OF WATER
Waxes form a water-proof protecting coating on animal fur and feather,on plant
stem,leaves and fruit.

12. BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF LIPIDS
(a) The fat under the skin of
this elephant seal protect it
from cold.
(b) kidneys are embedded in
fatty tissue.
(c) The wax suface of leaves repel water
but also reduce water loss from plant.
(d) Every cell membrane
contain lipid.

13. Polar bears
Sperm whales

15. Lipid storage disorders
I. Lipid storage diseases, or the lipidoses, are a group of inherited metabolic
disorders in which harmful amounts of fatty materials (lipids) accumulate in
various cells and tissues in the body.
II. People with these disorders either do not produce enough of one of the enzymes
needed to break down (metabolize) lipids or they produce enzymes that do not
work properly.
III. Inherited from one or both parents.
Gaucher disease- caused due to deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase
Niemann-Pick disease- caused due to accumulation of fat and cholesterol in cells of
the liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and, in some patients, brain.

16. CONCLUSIONS
* Almost all fatty acids, the hydrocarbon components of many lipids, have an even
number of carbon atoms (usually 12 to 24); they are either saturated or unsaturated,
with double bonds almost always in the cis configuration.
* Triacylglycerols contain three fatty acid molecules esterified to the three hydroxyl
groups of glycerol. Simple triacylglycerols contain only one type of fatty acid; mixed
triacylglycerols, two or three types.
* Triacylglycerols are primarily storage fats;they are present in many foods.

17. REFERENCES
BOOKS
1. PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY 5TH EDITION BY David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox,
2. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (Murray, McGraw-Hill Medical, 26th Ed),
3. Fundamental of biochemistry by H.P Gareja and S.V Patel.,1st Ed.,
4. Basic concept of biochemistry by Hiram F. Gilbert, 2nd Ed.,
5. Biochemistry by J.L Jain.
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