This document discusses various types of measurement standards used to define units of length. It describes line standards such as the meter which is defined based on the wavelength of light, and end standards like slip gauges which provide precise length measurements. The document also covers calibration, which is the process of comparing instruments to known standards to determine accuracy and adjust measurements. A variety of linear measurement tools are discussed, including vernier calipers, micrometers, height gauges, and digital instruments used to precisely measure internal and external dimensions.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurements and Metrology taruian
Introduction to Metrology: Definition, objectives of metrology, Material Standards, Wavelength Standards, Classification of standards, Line and End standards, Calibration of End bars. Numerical examples.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurements and Metrology taruian
Introduction to Metrology: Definition, objectives of metrology, Material Standards, Wavelength Standards, Classification of standards, Line and End standards, Calibration of End bars. Numerical examples.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
1. Measuring the angle of a component.
2. Checking the sloping angle of a vee-block.
3. Measuring the angle of a cone or taper gauges.
4. Precise angular settings for machining operations.
Concepts of Surface Metro logy, Introduction to Surface Texture, Terminology of Surface Texture, Analysis of Surface Traces, Peak to valley height of roughness ,The average roughness,Form factor & Bearing curve, Specification of Surface Texture Characteristics
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
1. Measuring the angle of a component.
2. Checking the sloping angle of a vee-block.
3. Measuring the angle of a cone or taper gauges.
4. Precise angular settings for machining operations.
Concepts of Surface Metro logy, Introduction to Surface Texture, Terminology of Surface Texture, Analysis of Surface Traces, Peak to valley height of roughness ,The average roughness,Form factor & Bearing curve, Specification of Surface Texture Characteristics
Surface finish measurement (mechanical measurement and metrology)Navroz Navodia
THIS ppt is good for understanding basics of surface measurement, it is good for undergraduate students persuing their bachlors in engineering,
the content of this ppt are as under
1) Basic terminology
2)techniques for surface finish measurement
3)comparison techniques like (visual scratch touch microscopic etc inspections)
4)direct instrument like (profilograph profilometer taylor hobson etc)
5)effect of surface finish on material strength
refer to this ppt for quick revision
good for gtu students specially
N3
This presentation gives the information about mechanical measurements and measurement systems of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-5.
These may be used as reference standards for transferring the dimension of the unit of length from the primary standard to gauge blocks of lower accuracy and for the verification and graduation of measuring apparatus. These are high carbon steel hardened, ground and lapped rectangular blocks, having cross sectional area 0f 30 mm
10mm. Their opposite faces are flat, parallel and are accurately the stated distance apart. The opposite faces are of such a high degree of surface finish, that when the blocks are pressed together with a slight twist by hand, they will wring together. They will remain firmly attached to each other. They are supplied in sets of 112 pieces down to 32 pieces. Due to properties of slip gauges, they are built up by, wringing into combination which gives size, varying by steps of 0.01 mm and the overall accuracy is of the order of 0.00025mm. Slip gauges with three basic forms are commonly found, these are rectangular, square with center hole, and square without center hole.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. “Precisionis a Religion& Measurement
Standards make it happen”(ArunKudale)
• History of Measurement Standards:
3. Standards
• Definition:
• The word Standard means something that is set up & established
by authorities as a rule for the measurements of quantity, weight,
value etc.
• Types of Standards:
1. Line Standard
2. End Standard
3. Wavelength Standard
4. • Line Standard:
• According to line Standard the yard or meter is defined as the
distance b/w inscribed lines on a bar of metal under certain
condition of temperature % support.
• This is legally authorized & an act of parliament.
a) The imperial Standard Yard:
• The yard is defined as the distance b/w central transverse line on
the plugs.
• When the temperature is constantly at 62F & the bar is supported
on rollers.
• As shown in Figure:
5.
6. a) International standard Prototype meter:
• The international bureau of weights & measurements establish
meter as Linear measuring standard in 1875.
• It is the distance b/w the center portion of two lines engraved on
the polished surface of a bar.
• That is made of Platinum-iridium alloy having a unique (web)
cross section as shown:
• Meter is also defined as the path traveled by light in a vacuum
during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a second.
• The examples of line standard includes meter, Yard, steel Rule
(Scale) etc.
7.
8. • End Standard:
• The need of line standard arises as the use of line standard was
difficult at various places in workshops.
• End standards can be made to a high degree of accuracy.
a) End Bar:
• It is made of steel having cylindrical cross sections.
10. • Slip Gauges:
• They are practical end standards and can be used in linear
measurement in many ways.
• Theses were invented by a Swedish engineer C E Johnson.
• Slip gauge sets are made according to the following conditions:
IS 2984-1981, Metric BS-4311: 1968
Imperial BS.888.1950, DIN: 861-1988
JIS B 7506-1978
13. • Wavelength Standard:
• High sensitivity length measurements are very important as
theses are widely used & they are of type that have highest
accuracy after time frequency measurements.
15. Calibration
• It is a comparison of Instrument performance to standards of
Known accuracy.
• Calibrations directly link customers measurement equipment
to national & international standards.
• According to ISO, Calibration is the quantitative determination
of errors of measuring instruments & adjusting them to a
minimum.
• In other words, calibration means to find out whether the
instrument gives correct reading or not.
• It also includes minor adjustments to the instrument.
16. • Calibration Labs are to be set at the
following different levels:
a. In-house Calibration Lab
b. Professional Calibration Labs
c. National Accreditation board for testing
(NABL) Certification to professional Labs
17. Status of Calibration
1. Active
2. Calibration Before Use (CBU)
3. Only for indication (OFI)
4. Rework
5. Reject
6. Write-off
18. Standard Procedure for Calibration
1. Cleaning of Instrument
2. Determination of Error
3. Check for Tolerable Limit
4. Minor Changes
5. Allotment of Calibration Set up
6. Next Calibration date
22. Linear Metrology
• It is defined as the science of linear measurement, for the
determination of the distance b/w two points.
• It is applicable to all external and internal measurements i.e.
distance, length, diameter, thickness, straightness etc.
• Its principle is to compare the dimension to be measured &
aligned with standard dimensions marked on the measuring
instrument.
23. • Linear Metrology follows the following two approaches:
1. Two-Point Measuring-Contact-Member Approach
• Vernier Calipers, Micrometer for Measuring Distance
2. Three-Point Measuring-Contact-Member Approach
• Out of three measuring contact members, two are fixed
• E.g. to measure the diameter of a block held in V block
• The Instruments used in Linear Metrology are Classified as:
1. Non Precision Measuring instruments e.g. Steel Rule
2. Precision Measuring Instruments e.g. Vernier Calipers
24. STEEL RULE (Scale)
• It is the Simplest & most Commonly used linear Measuring
instrument.
• It measures an unknown Length by comparing it with the one
previously Calibrated.
• It is used to measure components of lower accuracy.
• The Figure Shows different Steel Rules (scales)
25. CALIPERS
• A caliper is used to measure the distance b/w two points.
• It use a precise slide movement for inside, outside, depth or
step measurement.
• It consist of two legs hinged at the top, wit the ends of the
legs spanning the part to be measured.
• Calipers should be held gently near the joint & square to the
work by applying light gauging pressure to avoid disturbance
during setting for accurate measurement.
26. Types of Calipers
1. Inside Calipers:
• It has Made with straight legs which are bends outwards.
• Used for measuring inside diameter.
• Opening can be checked by rule or micrometer.
2. Outside Calipers:
• It has two legs which are bends inwards.
• Mainly used for measuring outside calipers.
3. Spring Calipers:
• It is the improved variety of ordinary
friction-joint caliper.
• the two leg carry a curved spring at the top
fitted in notches used to force the spring apart.
27.
28. 4. Center Measuring Calipers
• It has conically pointed jaws designed to measure the distance b/w
center of the holes.
5. Gear Tooth Calipers:
• It has adjustable tongue designed to measure the thickness of gear
teeth at the pitch line.
6. Machine Travel Calipers:
• It is designed to measure the position change of a machine.
7. Rolling mill Calipers:
• It is a simple device used for quick gauging of a stock in production
Environment.
8. Sliding Calipers:
• It use a precise slide movement for inside, outside, depth or step
measurements.
31. Example
Main scale reading =35mm
The vernier division coinciding with the main scale is the 20th division.
Value=20 multiplied by 0.02=0.40mm.
Total reading is 35mm+0.40= 35.40mm
35.40 mm
32. VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
The main parts of a vernier height
gauge and their function are given.
1.base
2. beam
3.vernier slide
4. fine setting device
5. vernier plate
6. locking screws
7. scriber
33. VERNIER DEPTH GAUGE
Base
Graduated beam
Clamping screw
Fine adjustment
mechanism
Vernier scale
36. • A micro meter is a precision instrument used to measure a job,
generally within an accuracy of 0.01mm.Micrometer used to take
the outside measurements are know as outside micrometer.
Least Count =
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒
• Micrometers are classified into following types:
1. Outside Micrometers
2. Inside Micrometers
3. Depth gauge Micrometers