1. Measuring the angle of a component.
2. Checking the sloping angle of a vee-block.
3. Measuring the angle of a cone or taper gauges.
4. Precise angular settings for machining operations.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Surface finish measurement (mechanical measurement and metrology)Navroz Navodia
THIS ppt is good for understanding basics of surface measurement, it is good for undergraduate students persuing their bachlors in engineering,
the content of this ppt are as under
1) Basic terminology
2)techniques for surface finish measurement
3)comparison techniques like (visual scratch touch microscopic etc inspections)
4)direct instrument like (profilograph profilometer taylor hobson etc)
5)effect of surface finish on material strength
refer to this ppt for quick revision
good for gtu students specially
N3
Comparators: Constructional features and operation of mechanical, optical, electrical/electronics and pneumatic comparators, advantages, limitations and field of applications
Principles of interference, concept of flatness, flatness testing, optical flats, optical interferometer and laser interferometer.
Surface texture measurement: importance of surface conditions, roughness and waviness, surface roughness standards specifying surface roughness parameters- Ra, Ry, Rz, RMS value etc., surface roughness measuring instruments – Tomlinson and Taylor Hobson versions, surface roughness symbols
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITYBAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BiT)FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Rapid Prototyping & Reverse Engineering [MEng6123]
Reverse Engineering
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM)
A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is an electromechanical system designed to perform coordinate metrology.
CMM is a device for measuring the physical geometrical characteristics of an object.
CMM Applications
Types of CMM
Cantilever Type
Moving bridge type
Fixed bridge type
Column type
Gantry type
Horizontal arm type
Portable type
1. Cantilever Type of CMM
2. Moving Bridge type
3.Fixed bridge type
4. Column type CMM
5. Horizontal arm type CMM
6. Gantry type CMM
Types of Probe
Contact probe
Hard probe
Switching probes
Measuring probes
Non-contact probes
Laser probe
Vision probe
Hard Probe
It has a variety of probe tip shape and size based on the application.
Ball/Spherical shape probe used for establishing surface locations.
Tapered or conical probe used for locating holes.
Cylindrical probe used for checking slots and holes in sheet metal.
Switching Probes
3. Measuring Probes
2. Vision Probe
CAUSES OF ERRORS IN CMM
Presentation gives brief overview of Linear and angular measurements related to engineering, different types of instruments used for Linear and angular measurements such as vernier calipers ,micrometers,their types,non precision measuring instruments etc.
A Coordinate measuring machine is an electromechanical system design to perform coordinate metrology.
CMMs are also considered as transducers that can convert physical measurements into electrical signals.
They are versatile in their capability to record measurement of complex profiles with high sensitivity (0.0025 mm) and speed.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurements and Metrology taruian
Introduction to Metrology: Definition, objectives of metrology, Material Standards, Wavelength Standards, Classification of standards, Line and End standards, Calibration of End bars. Numerical examples.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Surface finish measurement (mechanical measurement and metrology)Navroz Navodia
THIS ppt is good for understanding basics of surface measurement, it is good for undergraduate students persuing their bachlors in engineering,
the content of this ppt are as under
1) Basic terminology
2)techniques for surface finish measurement
3)comparison techniques like (visual scratch touch microscopic etc inspections)
4)direct instrument like (profilograph profilometer taylor hobson etc)
5)effect of surface finish on material strength
refer to this ppt for quick revision
good for gtu students specially
N3
Comparators: Constructional features and operation of mechanical, optical, electrical/electronics and pneumatic comparators, advantages, limitations and field of applications
Principles of interference, concept of flatness, flatness testing, optical flats, optical interferometer and laser interferometer.
Surface texture measurement: importance of surface conditions, roughness and waviness, surface roughness standards specifying surface roughness parameters- Ra, Ry, Rz, RMS value etc., surface roughness measuring instruments – Tomlinson and Taylor Hobson versions, surface roughness symbols
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITYBAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BiT)FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Rapid Prototyping & Reverse Engineering [MEng6123]
Reverse Engineering
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM)
A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is an electromechanical system designed to perform coordinate metrology.
CMM is a device for measuring the physical geometrical characteristics of an object.
CMM Applications
Types of CMM
Cantilever Type
Moving bridge type
Fixed bridge type
Column type
Gantry type
Horizontal arm type
Portable type
1. Cantilever Type of CMM
2. Moving Bridge type
3.Fixed bridge type
4. Column type CMM
5. Horizontal arm type CMM
6. Gantry type CMM
Types of Probe
Contact probe
Hard probe
Switching probes
Measuring probes
Non-contact probes
Laser probe
Vision probe
Hard Probe
It has a variety of probe tip shape and size based on the application.
Ball/Spherical shape probe used for establishing surface locations.
Tapered or conical probe used for locating holes.
Cylindrical probe used for checking slots and holes in sheet metal.
Switching Probes
3. Measuring Probes
2. Vision Probe
CAUSES OF ERRORS IN CMM
Presentation gives brief overview of Linear and angular measurements related to engineering, different types of instruments used for Linear and angular measurements such as vernier calipers ,micrometers,their types,non precision measuring instruments etc.
A Coordinate measuring machine is an electromechanical system design to perform coordinate metrology.
CMMs are also considered as transducers that can convert physical measurements into electrical signals.
They are versatile in their capability to record measurement of complex profiles with high sensitivity (0.0025 mm) and speed.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurements and Metrology taruian
Introduction to Metrology: Definition, objectives of metrology, Material Standards, Wavelength Standards, Classification of standards, Line and End standards, Calibration of End bars. Numerical examples.
What is a Comparator in Metrology ? | Types of Comparators
January 5, 2018 by
In Metrology, The comparator is a Precision Instrument, which is used to compare the dimensions of the given component with the actual working standard.
The Comparator is an indirect type of precision measurement because it will not measure the dimension, it will indicate the difference in measurement between the given component and working standard, and another magnification instrument is needed to measure this difference with accuracy. Still Didn’t get it? Let’s talk about The principle
Principle and operation of Comparator
The comparator (which will have a dial indicator) will be used along with the gauge blocks. Gauge blocks are also known as Slip Gauge (You already knows right?)
Now you need to Arrange the slip gauges to a dimension of which the workpiece should have.
The Slip gauges will have the working standard dimension, but the workpiece will have a deviation from this working standard.
The workpiece dimension may be less than or greater than this(Slip gauge) dimension What is a Comparator in Metrology ? | Types of Comparators
January 5, 2018 by
In Metrology, The comparator is a Precision Instrument, which is used to compare the dimensions of the given component with the actual working standard.
The Comparator is an indirect type of precision measurement because it will not measure the dimension, it will indicate the difference in measurement between the given component and working standard, and another magnification instrument is needed to measure this difference with accuracy. Still Didn’t get it? Let’s talk about The principle
Principle and operation of Comparator
The comparator (which will have a dial indicator) will be used along with the gauge blocks. Gauge blocks are also known as Slip Gauge (You already knows right?)
Now you need to Arrange the slip gauges to a dimension of which the workpiece should have.
The Slip gauges will have the working standard dimension, but the workpiece will have a deviation from this working standard.
The workpiece dimension may be less than or greater than this(Slip gauge) dimensionWhat is a Comparator in Metrology ? | Types of Comparators
January 5, 2018 by
In Metrology, The comparator is a Precision Instrument, which is used to compare the dimensions of the given component with the actual working standard.
The Comparator is an indirect type of precision measurement because it will not measure the dimension, it will indicate the difference in measurement between the given component and working standard, and another magnification instrument is needed to measure this difference with accuracy. Still Didn’t get it? Let’s talk about The principle
Principle and operation of Comparator
The comparator (which will have a dial indicator) will be used along with the gauge blocks. Gauge blocks are also known as Slip Gauge (You already knows right?)
Now you need to Arrange the slip gauges to a dimension of which
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE sangeetkhule
Introduction
Working principle
Classification
Construction and working
Different types of an optical scope
Process capabilities and analysis
Testing
Process parameters
Components and machine structure
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Microscopic
Advantages
Applications
Advancement in CMM
Machine characteristics
Process parameters of CMM
Animation video
Research papers
Bar graphs and tables
Conclusion
References
Iron – Carbon Diagram is also known as Iron – Carbon Phase Diagram or Iron – Carbon Equilibrium diagram or Iron – Iron Carbide diagram or Fe-Fe3C diagram
The process of transformation of a substance from liquid to solid state in which the crystal lattice forms and crystals appear.
•Volume shrinkage or volume contraction
Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
Thermal aspects of Machining, Tool materials, Tool wear Cutting fluids and Machinability.
This chapter aims to provide basic backgrounds of different types of machining processes and highlights on an understanding of important parameters which affects machining of metals with their chip removals.
Metal cutting or Machining is the process of producing workpiece by removing unwanted material from a block of metal. in the form of chips. This process is most important since almost all the products get their final shape and size by metal removal. either directly or indirectly.
The major drawback of the process is loss of material in the form of chips. In this chapter. we shall have a fundamental understanding of the basic metal process.
Please refer this file just as reference material. More concentration should on class room work and text book methodology.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurement
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
1. AutoCollimator
Angle Dekkor
Presentation Prepared by
Prof. Naman M. Dave
Assistant Prof. (Mechanical Dept.)
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology
Mechanical measurement and metrology
Prof. Naman M. Dave
2. Mechanical measurement and metrology
Prof. Naman M. Dave
Please refer this file just as
reference material. More
concentration should on class
room work and text book
methodology.
4. Principle of AutoCollimator
The two main principles used in an
autocollimator are
(a) the projection and the refraction
of a parallel beam of light by a
lens, and
(b) the change in direction of a
reflected angle on a plane
reflecting surface with change
in angle of incidence.
8. Mechanical measurement and metrology
Prof. Naman M. Dave
• These can be adjusted with the micrometer until they straddle the reflected image
of the cross wires. A scale is provided in the eye piece which directly gives the tilt
of the reflector.
• The micrometer has 60 divisions and the micrometer moves the setting wires
through 1/2 minute per revolution. Thus each division on the microscope drum
corresponds to 0.5 sec. of arc.
• The micrometer microscope system provided measures the deflection of the image
and hence the angle of the work piece.
• Autocollimators are capable of reading upto 0.1 seconds and may be used over
distances upto 30 meters. But their range of measurements is small and hence they
are used more as comparators than as absolute measuring devices.
• They are particularly useful for checking surface flatness and alignment over large
distances. For efficient working of autocollimators the work piece surface must be
highly polished and should be optically flat.
• Slip gauges are sometimes wrung on the surface of the work piece to help
reflection.
• Readings of the autocollimeter are sometimes subject to fluctuations due to air
currents between the autocollimeter and the target mirror.
• The fluctuations are more pronounced for larger distances between the instrument
and mirror.
• Flatness and reflectivity of the target mirror also affect the accuracy of the
readings.
9. Mechanical measurement and metrology
Prof. Naman M. Dave
• An illuminated Cross Line Target reticule placed at the focus of the Objective
collimating lens is projected after reflection from a beam splitter.
• A Plane reflector placed normal to the optical axis of parallel beam in front of the
objective Lens returns the beam along their original paths.
• A portion of the returned light passes straight through the beam splitter and the
return image of the target cross line is viewed through an Eyepiece.
• The Eyepiece is provided with a measuring Graticule. The reflected Image of the
Target cross line is brought to focus in the plane of the Eyepiece graticule and
exactly coincident with its intersection.
• If the reflector is tilted through a small angle the reflected light beam will be
brought to focus in the plane of the Eyepiece Reticule but linearly displaced by an
amount 2Tan θ x f.
• Linear displacement of the reticule image in the plane of the eyepiece is therefore
directly proportional to reflector tilt and can be measured by an eyepiece reticule or
an optical micrometer system.
• The focal length determines basic sensitivity and angular measuring range. The
longer the focal length the larger is the linear displacement for a given reflector tilt.
• The maximum working distance is the separation between reflector and
autocollimator and is governed by the effective diameter of the objective lens. At
long working distances the angular measuring range of the instrument reduces.
Large size reflectors are required atleast equal to the diameter of the Objective lens
to have better image contrast.
Description from 2nd reference material
12. AutoCollimator
Applications:
1. Checking of an internal right angle.
2. Comparative measurement using master angles.
3. Measuring straightness and flatness of the surfaces.
4. Assessment of squareness and parallelism of
component.
5. For machine tool adjustment setting.
22. Mechanical measurement and metrology
Prof. Naman M. Dave
• The reflected image of the illuminated scale shown in Fig. and the
fixed datum line intersect each other at right angles
• The reading on the illuminated image represents the deviation from
one axis at 90" to the optical axis. The change in the angular
position of the surface is shown by the variation in the position of
the point of intersection of the two scale on the fixed datum scale.
• Readings from scale can be read directly upto I minute without the
use of a micrometer.
• The optical system of the dekkor shown in Fig. is enclosed in a
tube mounted on an
• adjustable bracket and the whole system is mounted on a flat
reflective base.
• Angle dekkor can be used in conjunction with angle gauges for
measuring angles, setting of jobs for machining and measuring
angles of cones. The principle of measurement consists of
comparing the reading obtained with a polished reflector or slip
gauges in contact with the work piece and a zero reading obtained
from an angle gauge block set up.
23. Mechanical measurement and metrology
Prof. Naman M. Dave
• Fig. shows schematically the method for finding the angle of a
work piece using the dekkor.
• First a set of angle gauge blocks with an angle close to the angle to
be measured is placed on the surface plate and the reflected image
for the angle set is observed in the eyepiece. The dekkor can then
be set such that zero reading is obtained on the illuminated scale.
• The angle gauge set is then replaced by the workpiece on which a
slip gauge is attached to serve as a reflector.
• The difference between the angle of the workpiece and the angle of
the gauge block set, if any, appears as the difference between the
position of the reflected scale on the datum line as error as shown
in Fig.
• Angle dekkor is not a precision measuring instrument compared to
an auto collimator but serves as a simple general purpose
instrument in the shop. It has the advantage of giving readings
directly without the use of a vernier. The angle difference between
the reference position and test position can be read to an accuracy
of 10 minute which is good enough for general workshop use.
24. Angle Dekkor
Applications:
1.Measuring the angle of a component.
2.Checking the sloping angle of a vee-
block.
3.Measuring the angle of a cone or taper
gauges.
4.Precise angular settings for machining
operations.