The document discusses computer-aided inspection technologies. It defines inspection as examining products and components to determine if they conform to design specifications. There are two main types of inspection: inspection for variables which measures quality characteristics, and inspection for attributes which determines if a product meets accepted standards. A typical inspection procedure involves presenting an item, examining it for defects, making an acceptance decision, and taking appropriate action. The document focuses on computer-aided inspection tools like coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and machine vision systems which allow engineers to quickly and precisely assess physical properties of manufactured objects.

1. Chapter Six
M. T. Gajbhiye
Lecturer in Mechanical Engg.
G.P. NAGPUR
Computer Aided Inspection

2. Contained
6.1 Introduction to inspection technology
6.2 Coordinate Measuring Machine:
 Definition
 CMM construction
i) Probe and its types
ii) Mechanical Structure and its types.
iii) CMM applications and benefits.
6.3 Machine Vision:
 Definition,
 Operation of Machine Vision,
 Machine Vision application
6.4 Other optical inspection method: Laser Systems

3. 6.1 Introduction to inspection technology
Definition:
The term inspection refers to the activity of examining the product, its components,
sub-assemblies, or materials out of which it is made, to determine whether they
conform to design specifications.
The design specifications are defined by the product designer.
Types of Inspection:
Inspections can be classified into two types:
1. Inspection for variables: In this one or more quality characteristics of interest are
measured using an appropriate measuring instrument or sensor.
2. Inspection for attributes: In this the part or product is inspected to determine
whether it conforms to the accepted quality standard. The determination is
sometimes based simply on the judgment of the inspector. In other cases: the
inspector uses a gage to aid in the decision. Inspection by attributes can also
involve counting the number of defects in a product.

4. 6.1 Introduction to inspection technology
Inspection Procedure:
A typical inspection procedure performed on an individual item, such as a part,
subassembly, or final product, consists of the following steps
1. Presentation-The item is presented for examination.
2. Examination-The item is examined for nonconforming feature(s). In inspection
for variables, examination consists of measuring a dimension or other attribute
of the part or product. In inspection for attributes, this involves gaging one or
more dimensions or searching the item for flaws.
3. Decision-Based on the examination. a decision is made whether the item
satisfies the defined quality standards. The simplest case involves a binary
decision, in which the item is deemed either acceptable or unacceptable. In
more complicated cases, the decision may involve grading the item into one of
more than two possible quality categories. such as grade A, grade B. and
unacceptable.
4. Action-The decision should result in some action, such as accepting or rejecting
the item, or sorting the item into the most appropriate quality grade, It may also
be desirable to lake action to correct the manufacturing process to minimize the
occurrence of future defects.

5.  Computer-aided inspection is the use of software tools to assess
manufactured objects.
 It is closely related to computer-aided design and computer-
aided manufacturing.
 Its primary purpose is to allow engineers to more quickly and
precisely assess the physical properties of manufactured
objects.
 These properties can include dimensions, material consistency,
roughness and roundness.
6.1 Introduction to inspection technology

6. 6.1 Introduction to inspection technology
Source: https://www.verisurf.com/blog/article/computer-aided-inspection/

7. 6.1 Introduction to inspection technology

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10. 6.1 Introduction to inspection technology