This document discusses different measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It provides formulas and step-by-step examples for calculating the mean, median, and mode for both ungrouped and grouped data. For the mean, it demonstrates how to calculate the weighted mean and the mean for grouped data using the midpoint and unit deviation methods. For the median and mode, it shows how to find the value for both ungrouped and grouped numerical data.

1. Expected Topics:
•Mean
- Ungrouped Data
- Grouped Data
•Median
- Ungrouped Data
- Grouped Data
•Mode
- Ungrouped Data
- Grouped Data
Measures of Central Tendency

2. Mean for Ungrouped Data
Formula:
In symbols,

3. Example: Compute the mean of the following values.
21 10 36 42 39 52 30 25 26
Solution:

4. Weighted Mean
Example: Suppose we are interested in computing
the weighted mean grade of the student in the
following subjects.
Subjects No. of Units (w) Grade (x)
Math 3 3 1.75
English 3 3 2.00
Accounting 3 5 1.75
Computer 3 3 1.50
Filipino 3 3 1.50
P.E. 3 2 1.00

5. Solution:
Subjects No. of Units
(w)
Grade (x) wx
Math 3 3 1.75 5.25
English 3 3 2.00 6.00
Accounting 3 5 1.75 6.25
Computer 3 3 1.50 4.50
Filipino 3 3 1.50 4.50
P.E. 3 2 1.00 2.00
∑w = 19 ∑wx = 28.50

6. Mean for Grouped Data
Two Methods in Computing the Mean Value for
Grouped Data
1. Midpoint Method
2. Unit Deviation Method

7. Midpoint Method
Formula:
Where:
f – represents the frequency of each class
x – midpoint of each class (class mark)
n – total number of frequencies or sample size

8. Steps in using the Midpoint Method
1. Get the midpoint of each class (x)
2. Multiply each midpoint by its corresponding
frequency (fx)
3. Get the sum of the products in step 2 (∑fx)
4. Divide the sum obtained in step 3 by the total
number of frequencies. The result shall be rounded
off to two decimal places (∑fx/n)

9. Class Interval f x fx
LL UL
11 22 3 16.5 49.5
23 34 5 28.5 142.5
35 46 11 40.5 445.5
47 58 19 52.5 997.5
59 70 14 64.5 903.0
71 82 6 76.5 459.0
83 94 2 88.5 177.0
n = 60 ∑fx = 3,174

10. Unit Deviation Method
Formula:
Where:
= assumed mean (usually the midpoint of the class
interval having the highest frequency)
f = frequency of each class
d = deviation of the values from the assumed mean or
unit deviation
n = total number of items or sample size

11. Steps in using the Deviation Method
Steps:
1. Choose an assumed mean by getting the midpoint of
any interval.
2. Construct the unit deviation column.
3. Multiply the frequencies by their corresponding unit
deviations. Add the products.
4. Divide the sum in step 3 by the sample size.
5. Multiply the result in step 4 by the size of the class
interval.
6. Add the value obtained in step 5 to the assumed mean.
The obtained result which is the mean should be
rounded off to 2 decimal places.

12. Example:
Class Interval f x d fd
LL UL
11 22 3 16.5 -3 -9
23 34 5 28.5 -2 -10
35 46 11 40.5 -1 -11
47 58 19 52.5 0 0
59 70 14 64.5 1 14
71 82 6 76.5 2 12
83 94 2 88.5 3 6
n 60 ∑fd = 2

13. Median for Ungrouped Data
Median for Odd Sample
 The median is the middle number when the data
are arranged in order.
Formula:
Median for Even Sample
 When there are even samples , the median is the
mean of the two middle numbers.

14. Examples:
1. Find the median of the following values.
21 10 36 42 39 52 30 25 26
Solution:
10 21 25 26 30 36 39 42 52
5 refers to the 5th value

15. 2. The following are sample scores of four students
obtained from a 10 – item quiz in Statistics: 5
7 9 3
Solution: 3 5 7 9

16. Median for Grouped Data
Formula:
Where

17. Steps in Computing the Median for Grouped Data
1. Determine the median class.
Divide n by 2 (n/2).
2. Locate n/2 in the cumulative frequency to determine the
median class.
3. Get the lower boundary of the median class.
4. From the computed n/2, subtract the <cf.
5. Divide the difference by the frequency of the median
class, then multiply the quotient by the class size (i).
6. Add the obtained value in #5 to the lower boundary of the
median class. Round off the final result to two decimal
places.

18. Class
Interval f <cf
LL UL
11 22 3 3
23 34 5 8
35 46 11 19
47 58 19 38
59 70 14 52
71 82 6 58
83 94 2 60
60

19. Mode for Grouped Data
Formula:
Steps in Computing the Mode for Grouped Data
1. Determine the modal class.
2. Get the value of ∆1.
3. Get the value of ∆2.
4. Get the lower boundary of the modal class.
5. Apply the formula by substituting the values obtained
in the preceding steps.

20. Class
Interval f
LL UL
11 22 3
23 34 5
35 46 11
47 58 19
59 70 14
71 82 6
83 94 2
60