This document discusses sociograms, which are graphic representations of social relationships within a group. Sociograms are constructed by having students respond to a question about their social preferences, such as who they would invite to a birthday party. Their responses are then tabulated and diagrammed to determine how popular or unpopular each student is based on how many times they were selected. This can help teachers identify students who are socially isolated or well-connected. However, sociograms only provide limited insights and their results depend on the specific questions asked. To be more valid, sociograms should be administered multiple times using different questions and scenarios.

1. “If you were having
a birthday party,
which of your three
classmates would
you invite?”

2. Sociograms

3. SOCIOGRAMS
“graphic representation of social
links that a person has”
It is used to analyze the choices or
preferences each student makes
within a group

4. A sociogram is a teacher-made
device that determines how a
student is viewed by his/her
peers as he/she interacts with
classmates.
SOCIOGRAMS

5. It is constructed after
each student responds to
a question that tries to
probe the social affiliation
with other students (or
classmates)
SOCIOGRAMS

6. The result of the
sociometric test are
tabulated to determine how
many times each student is
selected and by whom
SOCIOGRAMS

7. Categories of students in a class
Star
A student who is
chosen by the most
number of his
classmates

8. Isolate
A student who is not
chosen by any of his
classmates
Categories of students in a class

9. Mutual Choice
Students who choose
each other
Categories of students in a class

10. One-way Choice
Students who choose
someone but the
choice is not
reciprocated
Categories of students in a class

11. Clique
Group of three or more
students within a class
who all choose each
other
Categories of students in a class

12. How to Devise a Sociogram
1. Devise a question that is simple and
easy-to-understand
e.g. “If you were having a birthday
party, which of your three classmates
would you invite?”

13. How to Devise a Sociogram
2. Ask students to write their answers
to the question.
(clearly state any limitations on choices
to be made)
e.g. number of choices, classmates only

14. How to Devise a Sociogram
3. Tally the number of times each
student is chosen.

15. How to Devise a Sociogram
4. Make a diagram consisting of several
circles.
(Each circle contains a student’s name.
indicate by an arrow the student who
chose another classmate.)

16. How to Devise a Sociogram
5. Assess the diagram to determine who
among the students is the most popular
and the most unpopular.

17. Example of Sociogram

18. Uses of Sociograms
1. allowing a student to work with
a chosen classmate or friends

19. 2. placing an isolate in a situation
wherein he could be a charade
leader or a team captain
Uses of Sociograms

20. 3. providing training in social skills
to the isolates or one-way choice
students
Uses of Sociograms

21. 4. identifying pathways for social
acceptance for students who
often misbehave
Uses of Sociograms

22. In a sense, the sociogram can
determine those who are friends
and those who are not.

23. Limitations of
Sociograms
1. Sociograms only indicate
choices, not the reasons for such
choices

24. 2. Sociograms do not necessarily
reflect true social acceptance or
integration in case of mutual
choices and cliques
Limitations of
Sociograms

25. 3. Sociograms do not actually
reflect isolates as rejected by his
classmates. Isolates may be pupils
who are new or shy in class
Limitations of
Sociograms

26. 4. Sociograms may indicate
popularity or isolation based on
the kind of questions asked. If the
situations were to be changed, the
choices may be quite different.
Limitations of
Sociograms

27. To make the sociograms more valid and
reliable, they should be used at the start
and end of the academic year or perhaps
administer a sociometric test at the middle
of the school year with different set of
questions asked under different situations.

28. Measuring Values

29. Values are defined as an
individual’s belief about ideal
conduct in the pursuit of truth,
wisdom, and beauty.

30. Values are usually learned and are
upheld important by groups of people.
Marriage is upheld by society as a
sacred ceremony and anyone who
refuses to accept it as such is
considered a social deviant.

31. Values must first be chosen willingly
from a set of alternatives. Then, they
should be cherished by a person. Lastly,
they must be acted upon repeatedly by
the individual.

32. The clarification process involves the
following steps:
C- choose willingly from alternatives
P- prize a value
A- act on that value repeatedly

33. Value Clusters
Self – discipline
Cleanliness, orderliness, fitness,
health, ecological harmony, orderly
conduct and self-control

34. Value Clusters
Integrity
Being true to oneself, truthfulness,
trustworthiness, sincerity, and
honesty

35. Value Clusters
Courage
Assertiveness, positive attitude,
spiritual strength

36. Value Clusters
Respect
Care, concern, tolerance,
consideration

37. Value Clusters
Responsibility
Commitment, accountability,
reliability

38. Value Clusters
Nationalism / Cultural
Loyalty, patriotism, appreciation of
heritage, pride in one’s country

39. Value Clusters
Peace / Prudence
Justice, fairness, harmony, serenity

40. Value Clusters
Self- reliance
Trustworthiness, independence,
industry, resourcefulness, creativity

41. Value Clusters
Love / Selflessness
Service, kindness, friendliness,
brotherhood

42. Value Clusters
Excellence
Productivity, quality, perseverance

43. Value Clusters
Spirituality
Humility, realization, of oneness with
other people and beings, purity,
sensitiveness to religious values

44. Value Clusters
Harmony
Beauty and simplicity

45. In measuring a particular value that is
internalized in a student, the specific
indicators should be spelled out and the
options may be listed as follows:
Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, and
Never

46. Example of a rating scale measuring
patriotism
Indicator Always
5
Often
4
Sometimes
3
Seldom
2
Never
1
I buy Filipino-made products
I sing “Lupang Hinirang”.
I tell others to visit the beautiful
places in the country.
I tell others to admire stories
about our national heroes.
I read books about our national
heroes.

47. Activity