This document discusses data collection through observation. It defines observation as personally watching and interacting with research subjects to record what they do and say in their natural environment. This provides evidence to support research claims. Two main types of observation are discussed: participant observation, where the researcher takes part in activities, and non-participant observation, where the researcher detachedly watches without involvement. Methods include direct observation, indirect observation looking at past traces, continuous monitoring over time, and spot sampling at specific moments. The document concludes with an activity where students observe and record classmates' profiles.

1. FINDING ANSWER
THROUGH DATA
COLLECTION

7. Objective:
•The learner plans data
collection and analysis
procedures (CS_RS11-IVa-c-
3)

8. FINDING ANSWER THROUGH
DATA COLLECTION
OBSERVATION

9. OBSERVATION
• A technique of gathering data
whereby you personally watch,
interact, or communicate with the
subjects of your research.

10. • It lets you record what
people exactly do and
say in their everyday
life on Earth.

11. • Through this data
gathering
technique, proofs
to support your
claims or
conclusions about
your topic are
obtained in a
natural setting.

12. • Your presence as the researcher in the area
where the subjects are situated, give
authenticity to everything you get to observe
among the subjects.
• Watching and listening to your
subjects then recording what you’ve
observed about them are the
reasons many consider
observation the foundation of
all research methods.

13. TYPES OF OBSERVATION

14. 1. PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
The observer, who is the researcher, takes
part in the activities of the individual or
group being grouped.

15. • To record your findings
through this type of
observation, use the
diary method or
logbook.

16. • The first part of the diary is called
descriptive observation. It describes
the people, places, events,
conversation, and other things
involved in the
study.

17. • THE SECOND PART OF THE DIARY IS CALLED
NARRATIVE ACCOUNT THAT GIVES YOUR
INTERPRETATIONS OR REFLECTIONS ABOUT
EVERYTHING YOU OBSERVED.

18. 2. Non-Participation or Structured
Observation
• This type completely detaches you from the
target of your observation. You just watch and
listen to them do their own thing, without you
participating in any of their activities.
• Checklist- is used in recording of
non-participation observation.
It is also called Observation
Schedule.

19. Methods of Observation
1. Direct Observation –
makes you see or listen to
everything that happens in
the area of observation.
2. Indirect Observation – also
called behavior
archaeology because here,
you observe traces of past
events to get information
or a measure of behaviour,
trait, or quality of your
subject.

20. Methods of Indirect Observation
1. Continuous Monitoring or CM –
here you observe to evaluate the way
people deal with one another….
(people’s worries, anxieties, habits,
problems…)

21. 2. Spot Sampling – first done in behavioral
psychologists in 1920 with a focus on
researching the extent of children’s nervous
habits as they would go through their regular
personality development.
For a continuous or uninterrupted
focus on the subjects, you record
Your observation through spot
sampling in an oral manner,
not in a written way.

23. GROUP ACTIVITY
• Sit with your group mates (research group)
• Observe and gather your classmates’ profile.
Choose only 1 profile.
• In a piece of cartolina, write the profile and
the corresponding number in a pictorial or
tabular form.
• Present your findings to the class.
• The output of the activity will be given
points.