The lecture covered the history and culture of Classical Greece, including the development of democracy in Athens and Sparta, the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia, and the Golden Age of Greece in the 5th century BCE. During this period, art, theater, and philosophy flourished with the creation of sculptures like the Discus Thrower and buildings like the Parthenon. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle established the foundations of Western philosophy and logic. The lecture concluded with an assignment to create a newspaper reporting on various topics from Classical Greece such as current events, arts, sports, and astrology.