1. The Classical Age of Greece saw the rise of Athenian power under the Delian League and the rule of Pericles, as well as the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta that resulted in Athenian defeat.
2. Greek society was patriarchal, with women confined to the home and having few rights, while slaves made up about a third of the population and had no rights. Religion, drama, and philosophy flourished during this period.
3. Major figures included Herodotus and Thucydides, who established methods of historical analysis; the Sophists who taught rhetoric and relativism; and philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle who made seminal contributions to
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