Martin Luther, a former Catholic priest, sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517 when he posted his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt Catholic practices like indulgences. When his views were deemed heretical, he was excommunicated by the Pope but gained support of German princes. Ulrich Zwingli also preached reform in Switzerland, arguing for a break from Catholicism. John Calvin further developed Protestant theology, believing in predestination. Meanwhile, King Henry VIII separated England from Rome when the Pope refused to annul his marriage, establishing the Church of England with himself as its head and executing those who remained Catholic. The Reformation challenged Catholic unity but also sparked reforms through the Counter-Reformation and Vatican II

1. A report prepared by Ma. Cristina V. Santos
REFORMATION

2. Martin Luther
Ulrich Zwingli
Switzerland
Germany
France

3. HenryVIII
King of England

4. Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
• He entered the monastery at
the age of 22 and became an
Augustinian Monk, a devout
Roman Catholic priest and a
theologian
• His faith was soon struck by a
series of experiences.
• scandalized by the
corrupted lifestyle of some
clergy
• outraged by the practice of
selling of indulgences. NB1

5. Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
• He wrote his Ninety-five Theses and
posted on the door of Wittenberg
Church in Germany, on October 31,
1517. NB2
• When his Theses were forwarded to
Pope Leo X, the discussion lasted for
three years and the decision was
excommunication for Luther.

6. Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
• Luther disregarded the
Pope’s authority, burned the
excommunication bull and a
copy of the Canon Law (Jan. 3,
1520)
• Politics intervened: German
princes allied themselves with
Luther against the Emperor
who was then, Charles V, who
supported the Pope. NB3

7. Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
• He and his writings were declared
outlawed, found refuge in the castle
of Wartburg. There he translated
the Bible into German to expose it to
the common people.
• In 1525, he got married to
Katherina von Bora, a former nun,
and they had six children.
• At the Diet of Speyer in 1525,
Luther’s followers were called
Protestants.

8. Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
• The new Protestant theology was
officially formulated in Augsburg
Confession in 1530.
•It can be synthesized in 3 statements:
• Sola Fide (faith alone) NB4
• Sola Gratia (grace alone)
• Sola Scriptura (Scriptures alone)

9. Uldrich Zwingli
(1484 – 1531)
 He took the path of many young men
of his era and social class. He received
a good education and became a
Catholic priest.
 He noticed some abuses, and his
interpretations of the Bible led him to
believe that Catholicism was wrong in
some of its doctrines and practices.
Zwingli, who was a very popular and
charismatic preacher, soon convinced
many people that he was right.

10. Uldrich Zwingli
(1484 – 1531)
 Eventually, he attained an influential position in the
major Swiss city of Zurich, and from there continued
to preach reform. He also became heavily involved in
Swiss politics.
 In January of 1523, Zwingli presented his Sixty-seven
Articles to Zurich's city council. In them, he argued
for a new system, a reform of Christianity, and
essentially, a break with the Catholic Church.

11. John Calvin
(1509 - 1564)
 In The Institutes and his other
writings, Calvin developed his
famous doctrine of predestination.
 “God, by His sovereign will,
determined that some people
were destined for Heaven and
others for hell,”' and there was
nothing anyone could do about it.
God simply decided who was a
member of the saved elect and
who was a part of the lost
reprobates, and that was that.
The Institutes of the Christian
Religion

12. HenryVIII
 A man of great charm and
talent.
 He wrote against Luther, The
Defense of the Seven
Sacraments. Hence, given the
title, “Defender of Faith”
 Henry was impetuous and
unpredictable in love affairs,
politics and religion.

13. HenryVIII
 His problems with the Catholic
Church started in 1527 when he
wanted to divorce his wife of
18years, Catherine of Aragon.
NB5
 He had fallen in love with Anne
Boleyn.
 Pope Clement VII, faithful to
God’s commandments, did not
grant his request for divorce.
Anne Boleyn

14. HenryVIII
 Henry being denied of his
request, separated from the
Catholic Church and founded
the Anglican Church through
Act of Supremacy (1534)
 Being the King and at the same
time head of the Anglican
Church, he ordered the exile or
public execution of those who
remained faithful to Rome.Wedding with Anne Boleyn

15. HenryVIII
 The martyrs of England, were
totured in the most barbarous
manner.
 Being the King and at the
same time head of the
Anglican Church, he ordered
the exile or public execution of
those who remained faithful to
Rome. NB6
Henry VIII married six times

16. HenryVIII
One among the martyrs during Henry
VIII reign:
 St. Thomas More, the Chancellor, a
devote Catholic and a prestigious
lawyer, devoted his life at the service
of the King of England. When he
refused to support the divorce of
Henry VIII, he was imprisoned in
London Tower and eventually
beheaded. His words: “I am the king’s
good servant, but God’s first.”
St. Thomas More

17. CONCLUSION
The Reformation is a hallmark in the journey
of the Church, the People of God. This era
may have broken the unity of the Church
but it definitely had opened the eyes of the
Catholic Church leaders to look into doing
reforms for the common good. Hence, their
answer was Counter-Reformation, and
further on after many years of challenges,
was the Vatican Council II, tagged as the
“New Pentecost.”

18. DLSU-D Religious and Values Education Department. Handout on
Christian Community: Birth and Growth of the Church
Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMU. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate, My
First History of the Church, 1996, Quality Catholic
Publications, Parañaque.
The Catholic Encyclopedia. http://www.newadvent.org, accessed
Sept. 2, 2015.
Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin: History, Importance & Impact.
http://study.com/
Pictures sources: various sites in the internet.
REFERENCES

19. THANK YOU 