The Greek civilization originated in Greece between 800 BCE to 338 BCE. It was comprised of independent city-states called polis, with Athens and Sparta being the two most powerful. The Greeks made many contributions to science, architecture, drama, philosophy and more. Their legacy has had a lasting influence on Western civilization.

1. Let’s Review First!

2. The Greek Civilization

3. Geography
Una sa mga klasikong kabihasnang nakilala sa
mundo.
Matatagpuan sa dulong-timog na bahagi ng
Balkan Peninsula sa timog-silangang Europa.
Ang coastline ng bansang ito ay irregular at
nagtataglay ng magagandang baybayin.

5. The Hellenic Age
( 800 B.C.E.-338 B.C.E.)
• Tinatawag ng mga Griyego ang kanilang mga
sarili na `Hellenes’. (Hellas- isang lugar sa
hilagang-kanluran ng bansa)
• Olympics - games in honor of Zeus.

6. Polis
• Mga lungsod-estado.
• May kanya-kanyang paraan ng pananampalataya ang
bawat polis.
• Pinamumunuan ng isang hari(monarchy) o ng iilan
(oligarchy) ang bawat isa.
• Kadalasang hindi nagkakasundo ang iba’t-ibang polis
maliban kung magtutulungan ang mga ito sa
panahon ng kagipitan o problema.
• Sparta at Athens- dalawang pinakamalaking polis sa
bansa.

7. Bahagi ng Polis
• Acropolis- pinakamataas na bahagi
sa isang polis; dito matatagpuan
ang mga templo nila.
• Agora- sentro ng isang polis;
pamilihan at kung anu-anong pampublikong
establisyemento ang matatagpuan dito.
• Polis- lugar panirahan ng mga sinaunang
Griyego.

9. SPARTA AND ATHENS
Sparta: A
Military
Polis
“Raise good
soldiers for the
good of the
city-state.”
Athens : A
Democratic
Rule
Implemented
direct
democracy

10. ATHENS SPARTA
VS.

11. Wars happened in Greece:
I. Greek-Persian War (also known as Marathon
War-490 B.C.E.)
II. Thermopylae War
III. Salamis War
IV. Peloponnesian War
V. Macedonian Empire Conquest
After this conquest, the Hellenistic tradition
that Alexander the Great imposed spread.

12. Contributions of Greek Civilization
• Science and Mathematics
Pythagoras: Pythagorean Theorem(geometry)
Archimedes: Circumference of a circle; Principle of
Gravity
Euclid: Father of Geometry
Aristarchus: discovered that the Earth revolved
around the sun while rotating on its axis
Eratosthenes: estimated the circumference of the
world; first man to draw the latitude and
longitude lines on the map of the world

13. Contributions:
• Architecture
Goal: Honor their gods.
Style:
 Doric- simplest; no base while the capital or
the top portion of the column is simple
 Ionic- more slender; its capital is decorated
with scrolls
 Corinthian- has the most
elaborate decorations
Parthenon

14. • Drama
 At first, it was part of their ritual during feasts
in honor of Dionysus, the god of Wine, but
starting from the 6th century B.C.E, it changed.
Most of their dramas were classified as
tragedy and comedy.
Famous writers:
Tragedy : Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides
Comedy : Aristophanes
Contributions:

15. Contributions
• Painting
-Showed their skill in painting in their beautifully-
painted pottery.
Common Design: daily work of the people like
singing, dancing, playing a musical instrument,
taking a bath and other activities
• Sculpture
- Many of the creations were made of marble or
copper; highlighted the beauty of human form
( favorite subject: young, nude males)
- Famous sculptors: Phidias(Parthenon) ; Praxiteles
(statue of Hermes)

16. Contributions
• Medicine
 Hippocrates- established a school for the
study of medicine where the cause of an
illness was investigated and where the sick
was treated based on observation and a
curative method; “Every disease has a
natural cause.”
Herophilus- Father of Anatomy
Erisastratus- Father of Physiology

17. Contributions
• Writing of History
History- first used by Herodotus when he wrote
the History of the Persian Wars, an account of
the war between Greece and Persia.
Herodotus- Father of History; believed that the
defeat of Persia was a punishment of the gods
on men who are too proud.
Thucydides- wrote the History of the
Peloponnesian War; did not believed that fate
or the work of the gods could explain what
was happening to man

18. Contributions
• Religion
- Polytheism
Their Gods:
 Zeus- god of the heavens
 Hera- goddess of marriage
 Aphrodite- goddess of love
 Apollo- god of the sun
 Ares- god of war
 Artemis- goddess of hunting and nature
 Athena- goddess of wisdom and war
 Demeter- goddess of grain and harvest
 Dionysus- god of wine and plants
 Hephaestus- god of metal works
 Hermes- messenger of news from the gods
 Poseidon- god of the sea

19. Contributions
• Philosophy
Socrates
“ The unexamined life
is not worth living”
Plato
“Law must
supposed to be for
all and not for the
strong and the rich
only.”
Aristotle
“There should be
leaders who have the
capability to lead, the
men of virtue.”