This document provides an overview of the Windows operating system. It discusses the development of Windows in both standalone and network environments, with versions including Windows 95, 98, ME, XP, 2000, 2003, 7, 8 and 10. It also describes the basic components of the Windows desktop like icons, the start button, task manager and system tray. Key graphical user interface elements are explained, such as windows, title bars, buttons and dialog boxes. Commonly used Windows applications like Notepad, Wordpad, Paint and Calculator are also listed.

1. Lecture:Barkhad mohamed
omar{suldaan}
Book:-Introduction to Computer.
Faculty: __________________
Lecture hours:2hrs
Before lecture quiz 10 minutes

2. Windows Operating System.
Windows A series of operating system.
Windows is now , quite popular operating system. Long back , it came
into existence it was continuously updated to enhance its power and
to incorporate more and more features into it. With the result of this
it has become world’s most favourite operating system.
Development of windows operating system has taken place in two
streams. First stream deals with stand alone environment while
second stream deals with network environment.
Different versions of windows , which gradually came into existence ,
in stand alone environment are w -95 , w-98 , w-me , w-XP , w-2000,
w-2003, w-7 , w-8 and w-10. each version that come later are
improved and enhanced version of the previous one, these operating
systems were designed and developed for single environment.
Chapter Three=3

3. Booting computer with windows.
To boot the computer with windows operating system first
switch the monitor on and then switch on the CPU , using
ON/OFF switch present in it’s chassis.
When you do so. Computer will check all its peripherals , if the
are functioning properly or not if any unit is found faulty , an
error message appears on the screen and booting process stops.
On the other hand , if all the units are found OK, booting
process continues. Computer reads the operating system from
disk , loads it into memory and displays a dialog box, as show in
figure 3.1
This dialog box is part of windows security system . It asks for
login name and password to ensure that only authorized
persons use the system, to boot the system enter your login
name and password correctly and click the mouse on ok button
. After a while , display on the monitor will turn as shown in
figure 3.2

4. Login window Start menu Desktop icons

5. INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS DESKTOP
After booting the system with windows the first screen
that appears on the monitor is called desktop.
A brief introduction of each component of windows
desktop is given below.
Desktop icons.
Icons are graphical pictures , they represent objects like
programs , files , folders etc . Initially few icons appears
on desktop . Later , if the need be , more icons are
placed on the desktop . To activate any icon you need to
double click the mouse on it.
Start Button.
Start button is the starting point of windows menu
system . When you click the mouse on “start” button ,
start menu as shown in figure 3.3 appears on the screen.

6. Quick launch toolbar.
As illustrated in figure 3.2 quick launch toolbar comprises of
many buttons. Each button represents a program. When you
click the mouse on any button , corresponding program gets
executed.
Task manager.
Initially , task manager appears as blank area but when you
execute any program , a button for that program gets created
in this area . This button identifies the program . For example
, using the button you could terminate the program.
System Tray.
Initially system tray displays few icons and system time in it.
Each icon of the system tray represents a program, which is
invisibly running in the background. To operate upon a
background program , you can double click the mouse on its
icon, for example , to set the system date and time , you can
double click the mouse on system time icon.

7. Introduction to window.
Window operating system drives its name from the
fact that each running program ,in windows appears
in the form of a window . When you execute a
program, a window appears on monitor screen. For
example , when you execute wordpad program of
windows wordpad window as illustrated in figure 3.4
appears on monitor screen.
Title bar.
Title bar acts as window header , it comprises of
following items:-

9. Program name, Minimize button,
Maximize button , close button
1.Name of the program , with which window is related appears
in the title bar. This name identifies the windows. When you
have many windows present on the screen , program name in
title bar helps you in identifying the window.
2.It shrinks the window to a button, placed in task bar, when
you click the mouse on it.
3.When you click the mouse on this button , window enlarges to
the size of the monitor screen and the button gets converted to
restore button . When you click the mouse on restore button,
enlarged window gets back to its original size.
4.When you click the mouse on this button , program terminates
its window and task bar button , both get removed from the
monitor screen.

10. GUI Components of Windows
Windows is graphical user interface (GUI) based operating system .
While working with this operating system , you interact with the
computer through many GUI components a brief description of
commonly used GUI components of windows is given below.
Program Icons.
All those icons that represent program are called program icon .
Some of the program icons are illustrated in figure 3.6 to run the
program , you need to double click the mouse on its program icon for
example , to execute date/time program you will have to double click
the mouse on its icon.
Objects Icons.
All those icons that represent objects like devices , files , folders etc
are called object icons some of the object icons are illustrated below.
A)Represents floppy drive. B)Represents hard disk
C)Represents a folder. D)Represents executable file.
E)Represents non-executable files F)Represents data file.

11. Dialog Box , Radio box and check box.
A) A dialog box is special type of window that allows you to enter
specifications for performing a task , as per your choice . For
example , when you open a file , a dialog box , as illustrated in
figure 3.11 appears on the screen . Using this dialog box , you can
specify drive, folder , file name etc . Of the file , which you wish
to open.
B) Group of at least two or more rounded buttons form radio
buttons . Label written near buttons gives an indication of the
type of data/information that will get selected when you click the
mouse on it . Only one radio button , from the group can be
selected .when you select a button, a blank dot appears within
the selected button .radio buttons are illustrated in figure 3.12.
C) Small square shaped buttons (could be one or more) form check
boxes . Label written near the button gives an indication of the
type of data/information that will get selected, when you click
the mouse on it. When you select a check box, a tick mark gets
placed within the check box , if you wish , you could select more
than one check box from the group .check boxes are illustrated in
figure 3.12.

12. Windows Applications
Windows is a powerful operating system . It not only makes the
computer functional, it also provides many useful programs using ,
which you can perform , different types of operations . Following are
commonly used program of windows.
A) Notepad=this program is used for creating small text files.
B) Wordpad=this program is used for creating large text files it also
provides many formatting options , using which the document
could be formatted and made attractive.
C) Paint=it is basically a drawing coloring program . Using this
program you can create shapes and drawings and color them
with attractive colors.
D) Calculator=using this program you can use your computer as
calculator and perform arithmetic and scientific calculatiosn.
E) Media player.
F) Movie maker.
G) Windows explorer.
H) Internet explorer.