Lec1 introduction & basic semiconductor physics
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This document provides an introduction to semiconductor physics and materials. It discusses intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and how doping creates an excess or deficiency of charge carriers. Current flow in semiconductors occurs through drift, driven by an electric field, and diffusion, driven by concentration gradients. Key parameters that determine conductivity include carrier mobility and diffusion constants. A p-n junction diode is formed at the interface of p-type and n-type semiconductors.
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PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
1. When a P-type semiconductor is joined with an N-type semiconductor, a PN junction is formed known as a semiconductor diode.
2. Semiconductor diodes are widely used as rectifiers to convert alternating current (AC) input into direct current (DC) output.
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PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
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Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
EC8252 NOTES 3rd to 5th unit_compressed.pdf
This document contains a question bank for the course EC8252 - Electronic Devices at Jansons Institute of Technology. It includes 20 multiple choice questions in Part A covering topics like PN junction diodes, diffusion current, drift current, and more. Part B contains 18 numerical and conceptual questions related to PN junction diode characteristics, IV curves, reverse saturation current, and other diode parameters.
The document serves as a study guide for students taking the EC8252 exam, testing their understanding of fundamental electronic device concepts through a variety of questions.
Definitions
Capacitor
Curie temperature
Dielectric constant (k)
Dielectric Strength
Doping
Drift velocity
Electrostriction
Fermi energy
Ferroelectric
Forward bias
Hysteresis loop
Integrated circuit
Intrinsic semiconductor
p-n junction
Piezoelectric
Polarization
Rectifier
Superconductor
Thermistor
Transistor
Coercivity
Diamagnetism
Domains
Ferrimagnetism
Magnetic permeability
Magnetic susceptibility
Permanent magnet
Soft magnet
Characteristic spectrum
Continuous spectrum
Fluorescence
Index of refraction
Laser
Luminescence
Phosphorescence
Photoconduction
Photons
Relaxation time
Solar cell
Thermal emission
X-rays
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- Electronics deals with controlling electron flow using electrical devices, while engineering applies science to benefit humanity.
- Diodes allow current to flow in one direction, with types including small signal, rectifier, switching, Zener, and LEDs.
- Semiconductors partially conduct electricity, with major roles played by PN junction diodes and Zener diodes.
- Biasing a PN junction connects it to an external voltage, with
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Lec1 introduction & basic semiconductor physics
- 1. Introduction & Basic Semiconductor Physics Dr Hanady Hussien Issa EC238 Electronics I Lecture 1
- 2. Agenda Semiconductor definition. Intrinsic semiconductors Extrinsic semiconductors Diode (p-n junction). 2
- 3. Semiconductor Materials A Conductor is a material that supports a generous flow of charge when a voltage source of limited magnitude is applied across its terminals. An Insulator is a material that offers a very low level of conductivity when a voltage source is applied across its terminals. A Semiconductor is a material that has a conductivity level somewhere between an insulator and a conductor 3
- 6. Covalent Bonding and Intrinsic Materials 6
- 7. Covalent Bonding and Intrinsic Materials 7
- 8. 8 Covalent Bonding and Intrinsic Materials
- 9. 9 For silicon at 300°K, ni 1.5 X 1010 electrons/cm3 Covalent Bonding and Intrinsic Materials (Law of mass action)
- 10. Semiconductor Energy Band Model 10
- 11. Electron and Hole Current 11
- 12. 12 Electron and Hole Current
- 19. Current in Semiconductors 19 At T≠ 0 the free carriers are in constant random motion due to their thermal energy The net motion in any particular direction is zero, Total current I = 0 • There are two principle mechanisms by which charge move in a particular direction, thus creating an electric current: Drift. Diffusion.
- 20. Drift Current 20 Applying an electric field across a semiconductor material, results in both types of carrier moving in opposite directions thus creating current flow. E E Hole motion Current direction Electron motion Current direction
- 21. 21 The magnitude of the electric field in volts/cm is given by: And the effective velocity of the carrier moving by the drift action of an applied electric filed is given by: where n = 1350 cm2/V-s and p = 480 cm2/V-s are the electron and hole mobility constants respectively. Drift Current L V E Ennv Ev pp
- 22. 22 It is a measure of the material’s ability to carry electric current. It is given by: where is the material resistivity which measured by .cm Conductivity S/cm.cm1/ 1 pn pnq
- 23. Current Density 23 Current per unit cross-sectional area. E vdA Q At Q A I J Enq / A/cm2
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- 25. Diffusion Current Density Current density is directly proportional to the gradient of carrier concentration. Dn and Dp are the diffusion constants for electrons and holes respectively. dx dn qDJ nn dx dp qDJ pp