Learning Object 8 - Jason Dosanjh
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The document discusses light interference using a Michelson interferometer. It describes how the interferometer splits and recombines light beams that traveled different path lengths, causing a phase difference. An experiment is measuring bright outputs of light with a wavelength of 500 nm as a mirror is moved different distances within a vacuum chamber. If the mirror is moved 250 nm, the output would be the same as initially since the path length change is 500 nm. If the mirror is accidentally moved 2 mm instead of the intended 2 μm, the path length change would be 1000 times greater, leading to a huge miscalculation in the experiment results.
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1. The document discusses UV-visible spectroscopy, describing the basic components and functioning of a UV-visible spectrophotometer.
2. Key aspects covered include the electromagnetic spectrum, sample cuvettes, light sources, monochromators, detectors, and performance verification tests to ensure the instrument is functioning properly.
3. UV-visible spectroscopy is a technique used to study light absorption by molecules to determine concentration and identify substances.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Learning Object 8 - Jason Dosanjh
- 1. Learning Object 8 Jason Dosanjh Section 201 – Joss Ives L2H – Blue
- 2. Light Interference • Mechanical waves with the same frequency will interfere constructively in phase and destructively out of phase • We need to consider wavelength and relative phase for experiments and calculations • One way to observe is using a Michelson interferometer
- 3. Michelson Interferometer • Splits a beam of light, sends the two parts on different paths of different lengths, which causes a phase difference, then recombines them • It can measure tiny shifts in distance or wave speed
- 4. Problem #1 • An experiment is taking place using a Michelson interferometer • It is within a vacuum chamber and a light of wavelength 500 nm • The experimenter wanted to determine the bright outputs at different moved distances • Find the output if he moves the mirror by 250 nm • Then find how many times this output is reached if the distance is misread and accidently moved 2 mm instead of 2 μm
- 5. Hints • Remember path length is doubled compared to the distance the mirror moves
- 6. Solution Part 1 • Moving the mirror at 250 nm would mean that the path length would move double to this • This would mean that the path length would move another full 500 nm • We can conclude that the output would be the same as we began with
- 7. Solution Part 2a • The actual value of 2 μm the mirror was supposed to moved would mean the path length change is 4 μm • The accidental value of 2 mm the mirror was actually moved would mean the path length change is 4 mm
- 8. Solution Part 2b • We can find how many times the output of 500 nm was reached by dividing the change in path length by this value • Original: 4*10-6/500*10-9 = 8 • Accidental: 4*10-3/500*10-9 = 8000 • 8000/8 = 1000 times off • This slight mistake caused the experimenter to make a huge miscalculation