Communication
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Business communication involves the exchange of information between two or more parties to create mutual understanding. It is a continuous two-way process that occurs through various channels, both formal and informal. Effective feedback is key, as it can reinforce good behavior or change undesirable behavior, making a big difference in individual and team performance. Communication is essential for decision making, planning, implementation, control, coordination, change management, and employee participation.
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Communication intro
It includes different aspects like concept, nature and types of communication. It will help in better understanding of the topic/subject.
Upward communication
Upward communication refers to the flow of information from lower-level to upper-level employees and is important for decision making by management. Some mechanisms for upward communication include suggestion boxes, employee surveys, MIS reports, face-to-face conversations, meetings, and sharing reports. The advantages of upward communication are that it aids in decision making, motivation, feedback, creating a favorable work environment, influencing new policies, building good relations, and understanding employee attitudes.
Provide examples of types of upward and downward
Upward communication refers to information flowing from lower to upper levels of an organization, such as reports, social gatherings, and suggestion boxes. Downward communication is information flowing from upper to lower levels, like notices, memos, and announcements. Social media could improve both by allowing more direct contact and feedback between employees and managers through comments and questions on tweets, videos, and online forums. This encourages open exchange of ideas and involvement.
Basics of communication
This document discusses the key aspects of communication including communication basics, the importance of communication, manager's roles, communication networks, the grapevine, barriers to communication, and strategies to overcome barriers. It defines communication and describes the communication process. It outlines internal and external communication methods, factors in choosing communication means, and organizational communication channels including vertical, horizontal, and informal channels. It also discusses the grapevine, barriers to communication, and tips for successful communication.
Elements of communication process
the presentation is an introduction ,describes the basic elements of communication skills flow of communication in an organization,barriers to communication process importance non verbal communication for the beginners.
Business Communication
This document provides an overview of business communication. It defines communication and business communication, and notes that the goal of business communication is to transfer information within an organization to create outcomes and changes. It then covers various topics related to business communication, including the objectives and types of communication, how communication flows within an organization, formal vs informal communication channels, strategies for effective communication, and the importance of nonverbal communication.
Improving organisational structures
The document discusses different roles in a business workforce and how they relate to each other. As a business grows, more defined roles emerge with Directors overseeing overall leadership and delegating responsibilities to Department Managers who coordinate specific departments and supervise teams. Team Leaders then coordinate their individual teams and report to supervisors. The document also covers key concepts around communication in a business such as different channels, whether communication is one-way or two-way, and vertical vs. lateral flows of information.
Introduction to managerial communication with case study
Managerial communication is important for effective management within an organization. It allows information to flow between managers and employees as they work toward common goals. There are two main types of managerial communication: interpersonal communication between two or more individuals, and organizational communication that occurs at all levels of the company. A case study describes how one company, Wipro, addressed the problem of employees receiving too many internal emails, which was negatively impacting productivity. The company needed to reduce email volume while still ensuring important messages were received.
Recommended
Communication intro
It includes different aspects like concept, nature and types of communication. It will help in better understanding of the topic/subject.
Upward communication
Upward communication refers to the flow of information from lower-level to upper-level employees and is important for decision making by management. Some mechanisms for upward communication include suggestion boxes, employee surveys, MIS reports, face-to-face conversations, meetings, and sharing reports. The advantages of upward communication are that it aids in decision making, motivation, feedback, creating a favorable work environment, influencing new policies, building good relations, and understanding employee attitudes.
Provide examples of types of upward and downward
Upward communication refers to information flowing from lower to upper levels of an organization, such as reports, social gatherings, and suggestion boxes. Downward communication is information flowing from upper to lower levels, like notices, memos, and announcements. Social media could improve both by allowing more direct contact and feedback between employees and managers through comments and questions on tweets, videos, and online forums. This encourages open exchange of ideas and involvement.
Basics of communication
This document discusses the key aspects of communication including communication basics, the importance of communication, manager's roles, communication networks, the grapevine, barriers to communication, and strategies to overcome barriers. It defines communication and describes the communication process. It outlines internal and external communication methods, factors in choosing communication means, and organizational communication channels including vertical, horizontal, and informal channels. It also discusses the grapevine, barriers to communication, and tips for successful communication.
Elements of communication process
the presentation is an introduction ,describes the basic elements of communication skills flow of communication in an organization,barriers to communication process importance non verbal communication for the beginners.
Business Communication
This document provides an overview of business communication. It defines communication and business communication, and notes that the goal of business communication is to transfer information within an organization to create outcomes and changes. It then covers various topics related to business communication, including the objectives and types of communication, how communication flows within an organization, formal vs informal communication channels, strategies for effective communication, and the importance of nonverbal communication.
Improving organisational structures
The document discusses different roles in a business workforce and how they relate to each other. As a business grows, more defined roles emerge with Directors overseeing overall leadership and delegating responsibilities to Department Managers who coordinate specific departments and supervise teams. Team Leaders then coordinate their individual teams and report to supervisors. The document also covers key concepts around communication in a business such as different channels, whether communication is one-way or two-way, and vertical vs. lateral flows of information.
Introduction to managerial communication with case study
Managerial communication is important for effective management within an organization. It allows information to flow between managers and employees as they work toward common goals. There are two main types of managerial communication: interpersonal communication between two or more individuals, and organizational communication that occurs at all levels of the company. A case study describes how one company, Wipro, addressed the problem of employees receiving too many internal emails, which was negatively impacting productivity. The company needed to reduce email volume while still ensuring important messages were received.
Managerial Communication
Organizational communication involves the flow of information within a company through both formal and informal channels. Formal communication includes downward communication from managers to employees, as well as upward communication from employees to managers. Informal communication occurs through the grapevine, which spreads rumors and information quickly but can distort or exaggerate details. Effective organizational communication requires understanding different communication styles, providing clear and timely information to address issues, and utilizing both formal and informal channels to supplement each other.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS; COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS & FEEDBACK
The document discusses various aspects of effective communication including the communication process, elements, models, forms, barriers, and techniques to improve effectiveness. It describes communication as the transmission of information from a sender to a receiver with the goal of understanding. Key aspects of the process include encoding and decoding messages, as well as providing feedback. Establishing open communication channels through listening, being sensitive to perspectives, and giving timely feedback can help teams communicate effectively and achieve their goals.
Extension Education: Communication by Bholanath Pujari
Communication is a process that involves sending and receiving of messages through a verbal and non-verbal method. The sender sends a message, the receiver receives a message and sends it back with the feedback to the sender again.
The methods of communication involve oral and speech communication, written and graphical representations. Additionally, it includes the cultural sphere, a tool utilized to communicate, location, etc. Though it looks simple, communication is generally a very complicated subject.
In other words, communication is a two-way means of communicating information in the form of thoughts, opinions, and ideas between two or more individuals with the purpose of building an understanding.
Types of Communication
The four main categories of communication are
Verbal – It is a method that uses speech in the form of speaking to convey a message or information. It is the most popular and effective mode of communication, usually practised during video conferences, phone calls, presentations, one-on-one conversations, and meetings. It supports both nonverbal and written communication.
Nonverbal – It is basically a practice of gestures, facial expressions, and body language to send information. It can be implemented intentionally and unintentionally when communicating. For instance, a person can smile unintentionally when they hear an interesting piece of information or a pleasant idea.
Written – It is all about typing, printing symbols, numbers, letters, and writing to send a piece of information. Sometimes used to record information for evidence or reference purpose. In general, the written style of communication is used in books, blogs, pamphlets, memos, and letters to share and spread information. In the workplace, e-mail is a common example of written communication.
Visual – It uses art, photographs, sketches, graphs, charts, and drawings, to pass on the information. It is used especially during presentations to present to give a visual effect and support written or verbal communication.
Communication Process
The communication is a process that starts with the development of thoughts by a sender who conveys the message using a various channel to the receiver, who then sends him a message as feedback. There are seven main components of the communication process:
Sender – Here, the sender conceptualizes the idea or the conversation he wants to convey it to the recipient.
Encoding – Now the sender starts the encoding process where he utilizes words or non-verbal means to translate the thought into a message.
Message – After encoding, the sender receives the message that he wants to send.
Communication Channel – The sender then decides through which medium or channel he/she wants to send the message to the recipient. They must choose the channel to have an effective and correct interpretation of a message to the recipient.
Receiver – The receiver receives the message and tries to comprehend in the best possible way.
COMMUNICATION.pdf
1. Effective communication is essential for any organization to function properly. Managers must communicate well with subordinates, superiors, and outsiders to be successful.
2. Communication involves the exchange of ideas between two or more people. It is a two-way process of sending and receiving messages.
3. There are various barriers that can negatively impact communication, such as linguistic barriers, organizational structure barriers, attitude barriers, and technological barriers. Overcoming these barriers is important for ensuring effective communication.
Directing
Directing is a key management function performed by top-level managers to achieve organizational goals. It involves guiding, inspiring, leading, and supervising employees' activities. Directing has several elements including communication, leading, motivation, supervision, and coordination. Effective communication is critical for directing and involves sending clear messages through various channels and receiving feedback. Leadership is an important part of directing and involves determining the course of action, providing instructions, and offering dynamic leadership. Motivation energizes employees to perform their jobs and sustain their behaviors by fulfilling their needs and desires.
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The document summarizes a seminar presentation on communication and intellectual property rights. It defines various types and levels of communication, including interpersonal, intrapersonal, small group, and public communication. It also outlines characteristics of effective communicators, common barriers to communication, and the importance of interpersonal relationships. This includes how interpersonal relationships benefit individuals and are necessary for cooperation within healthcare teams to ensure quality patient care.
The process of communication
The document discusses the key elements of the communication process, including the sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also describes the different directions of communication in an organization as downward from managers to staff, upward from staff to managers, and horizontal between colleagues. Finally, it outlines several important functions of organizational communication, such as leading, rationalizing, problem-solving, conflict management, and gaining compliance from employees.
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C&n
This document discusses various aspects of communication including definitions, models, factors influencing organizational communication, and negotiating conflicts. It defines communication as sharing meaning through symbolic messages. The communication model involves a sender encoding a message, which is sent through a channel and decoded by the receiver. There may be feedback. Vertical, lateral, formal, and informal communication networks influence information sharing in organizations. Negotiation is used to manage conflicts through communication and bargaining to reach agreements beneficial to both parties.
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The document discusses the concept, process, functions, principles, importance, and reference of communication. Communication is defined as the exchange of ideas, feelings, and emotions between two or more people to create mutual understanding. The communication process involves a sender sending a message through a channel to a receiver. Effective communication principles include clarity, completeness, conciseness, courtesy, correctness, and coordination. Communication is important as it brings people closer, saves time, breaks barriers, and results in common understanding.
Seminar on communication and its barriers
This document defines communication and its key elements. It discusses that communication refers to the exchange of information between two or more parties through various mediums. The main elements of communication are transmission, reception and processing of information. There are various types of communication including verbal (oral and written) and non-verbal. Effective communication requires clarity of purpose, careful composition of messages, removing barriers, and obtaining feedback. Barriers to communication can occur at the physical, intellectual or emotional levels and include issues like noise, time/distance limitations, and information overload.
Managerial Communication
This document discusses communication in a business context. It defines communication and describes how it is important for coordinating work, achieving objectives, and building relationships. It outlines the objectives, principles, and types of communication, including formal downward and upward communication as well as informal grapevine communication. The document also discusses factors that influence the grapevine and how management can address rumors by providing clear and timely information through formal channels.
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This document discusses managerial communication and exchange theory. It defines managerial communication as communication between managers and employees to transfer information and achieve goals. Effective managerial communication requires clear messages and understanding between team members. Exchange theory views social order as resulting from negotiated exchanges where individuals rationally seek to maximize personal benefits. Patterns of exchange develop to deal with power differences and costs of exercising power. Emotions also factor into social exchange processes. While useful, exchange theory has been criticized for reducing human interaction to purely rational and economic terms.
Business Communication_Parakramesh Jaroli_Pacific University
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PPT- OB -Chapter-3 Managing Communication.pptx
This document provides an overview of communication fundamentals and types of communication within organizations. It discusses the importance of communication for coordinating work and maintaining organizational health. Effective communication involves transmitting intended messages from a sender to a receiver through various channels and feedback loops. Barriers like personal factors, physical obstacles, and issues of semantics or symbol interpretation can interfere with successful communication. The document also examines downward, upward, lateral, and electronic forms of internal organizational communication and their respective purposes.
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Communication ppt
Effective communication is important for managers to plan, organize, lead and control organizations. Communication helps managers perform their jobs and communicate plans to implement them. It is also important for motivating employees, increasing productivity, and allowing employees to submit work reports and suggestions. There are several types of communication including intrapersonal (within oneself), interpersonal (between two people), intragroup (within a group), and intergroup (between groups). Each type plays an important role in developing effective organizations.
Plant layout
Plant layout refers to the configuration and placement of departments, work centers, equipment, and the flow of materials through the production process. Layout decisions are important because they require substantial investments, involve long-term commitments, and significantly impact costs and efficiency. The main types of layouts are product layouts which focus on smooth material flow, process layouts which group similar machinery together, and combination layouts which blend aspects of both. The objective is to facilitate smooth and efficient material and information flow while minimizing costs and non-value added activities.
Plant layout
The document discusses different types of plant layouts:
1. Product oriented layouts arrange machinery along the product flow path to facilitate continuous or repetitive production.
2. Process layouts group similar functions together to handle different processing requirements but require more movement of products between areas.
3. Fixed position layouts keep products stationary while moving workers and equipment, used when compelling reasons require bringing resources to the product.
4. Combination layouts blend aspects of different layouts like using conveyors in process layouts. The ideal layout follows principles like minimizing movement and maintaining flexibility.
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Managerial Communication
Organizational communication involves the flow of information within a company through both formal and informal channels. Formal communication includes downward communication from managers to employees, as well as upward communication from employees to managers. Informal communication occurs through the grapevine, which spreads rumors and information quickly but can distort or exaggerate details. Effective organizational communication requires understanding different communication styles, providing clear and timely information to address issues, and utilizing both formal and informal channels to supplement each other.
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The document discusses various aspects of effective communication including the communication process, elements, models, forms, barriers, and techniques to improve effectiveness. It describes communication as the transmission of information from a sender to a receiver with the goal of understanding. Key aspects of the process include encoding and decoding messages, as well as providing feedback. Establishing open communication channels through listening, being sensitive to perspectives, and giving timely feedback can help teams communicate effectively and achieve their goals.
Extension Education: Communication by Bholanath Pujari
Communication is a process that involves sending and receiving of messages through a verbal and non-verbal method. The sender sends a message, the receiver receives a message and sends it back with the feedback to the sender again.
The methods of communication involve oral and speech communication, written and graphical representations. Additionally, it includes the cultural sphere, a tool utilized to communicate, location, etc. Though it looks simple, communication is generally a very complicated subject.
In other words, communication is a two-way means of communicating information in the form of thoughts, opinions, and ideas between two or more individuals with the purpose of building an understanding.
Types of Communication
The four main categories of communication are
Verbal – It is a method that uses speech in the form of speaking to convey a message or information. It is the most popular and effective mode of communication, usually practised during video conferences, phone calls, presentations, one-on-one conversations, and meetings. It supports both nonverbal and written communication.
Nonverbal – It is basically a practice of gestures, facial expressions, and body language to send information. It can be implemented intentionally and unintentionally when communicating. For instance, a person can smile unintentionally when they hear an interesting piece of information or a pleasant idea.
Written – It is all about typing, printing symbols, numbers, letters, and writing to send a piece of information. Sometimes used to record information for evidence or reference purpose. In general, the written style of communication is used in books, blogs, pamphlets, memos, and letters to share and spread information. In the workplace, e-mail is a common example of written communication.
Visual – It uses art, photographs, sketches, graphs, charts, and drawings, to pass on the information. It is used especially during presentations to present to give a visual effect and support written or verbal communication.
Communication Process
The communication is a process that starts with the development of thoughts by a sender who conveys the message using a various channel to the receiver, who then sends him a message as feedback. There are seven main components of the communication process:
Sender – Here, the sender conceptualizes the idea or the conversation he wants to convey it to the recipient.
Encoding – Now the sender starts the encoding process where he utilizes words or non-verbal means to translate the thought into a message.
Message – After encoding, the sender receives the message that he wants to send.
Communication Channel – The sender then decides through which medium or channel he/she wants to send the message to the recipient. They must choose the channel to have an effective and correct interpretation of a message to the recipient.
Receiver – The receiver receives the message and tries to comprehend in the best possible way.
COMMUNICATION.pdf
1. Effective communication is essential for any organization to function properly. Managers must communicate well with subordinates, superiors, and outsiders to be successful.
2. Communication involves the exchange of ideas between two or more people. It is a two-way process of sending and receiving messages.
3. There are various barriers that can negatively impact communication, such as linguistic barriers, organizational structure barriers, attitude barriers, and technological barriers. Overcoming these barriers is important for ensuring effective communication.
Directing
Directing is a key management function performed by top-level managers to achieve organizational goals. It involves guiding, inspiring, leading, and supervising employees' activities. Directing has several elements including communication, leading, motivation, supervision, and coordination. Effective communication is critical for directing and involves sending clear messages through various channels and receiving feedback. Leadership is an important part of directing and involves determining the course of action, providing instructions, and offering dynamic leadership. Motivation energizes employees to perform their jobs and sustain their behaviors by fulfilling their needs and desires.
Communication and interpersonal relationship
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on communication and intellectual property rights. It defines various types and levels of communication, including interpersonal, intrapersonal, small group, and public communication. It also outlines characteristics of effective communicators, common barriers to communication, and the importance of interpersonal relationships. This includes how interpersonal relationships benefit individuals and are necessary for cooperation within healthcare teams to ensure quality patient care.
The process of communication
The document discusses the key elements of the communication process, including the sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also describes the different directions of communication in an organization as downward from managers to staff, upward from staff to managers, and horizontal between colleagues. Finally, it outlines several important functions of organizational communication, such as leading, rationalizing, problem-solving, conflict management, and gaining compliance from employees.
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communication is the process of exchanging information in the form of messages, symbols, thoughts, signs, and opinions.
Business Communication And Report Writing boa
The document provides an overview of business communication and report writing. It discusses various topics related to business communication including the communication process, organizational communication structures, and types of business letters. It also describes common letter styles and formatting elements used in business correspondence.
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The document provides an overview of business communication and report writing. It discusses various topics related to business communication including the communication process, organizational communication structures, and types of business letters. It also describes common letter styles and formatting elements used in business correspondence.
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This document discusses various aspects of communication including definitions, models, factors influencing organizational communication, and negotiating conflicts. It defines communication as sharing meaning through symbolic messages. The communication model involves a sender encoding a message, which is sent through a channel and decoded by the receiver. There may be feedback. Vertical, lateral, formal, and informal communication networks influence information sharing in organizations. Negotiation is used to manage conflicts through communication and bargaining to reach agreements beneficial to both parties.
Communication, Meaning Nature & Importance By Soumyashree Panigrahi
The document discusses the concept, process, functions, principles, importance, and reference of communication. Communication is defined as the exchange of ideas, feelings, and emotions between two or more people to create mutual understanding. The communication process involves a sender sending a message through a channel to a receiver. Effective communication principles include clarity, completeness, conciseness, courtesy, correctness, and coordination. Communication is important as it brings people closer, saves time, breaks barriers, and results in common understanding.
Seminar on communication and its barriers
This document defines communication and its key elements. It discusses that communication refers to the exchange of information between two or more parties through various mediums. The main elements of communication are transmission, reception and processing of information. There are various types of communication including verbal (oral and written) and non-verbal. Effective communication requires clarity of purpose, careful composition of messages, removing barriers, and obtaining feedback. Barriers to communication can occur at the physical, intellectual or emotional levels and include issues like noise, time/distance limitations, and information overload.
Managerial Communication
This document discusses communication in a business context. It defines communication and describes how it is important for coordinating work, achieving objectives, and building relationships. It outlines the objectives, principles, and types of communication, including formal downward and upward communication as well as informal grapevine communication. The document also discusses factors that influence the grapevine and how management can address rumors by providing clear and timely information through formal channels.
Communication Skill
Types of communication , business communication , barrier to communication, effect of communication
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This document discusses managerial communication and exchange theory. It defines managerial communication as communication between managers and employees to transfer information and achieve goals. Effective managerial communication requires clear messages and understanding between team members. Exchange theory views social order as resulting from negotiated exchanges where individuals rationally seek to maximize personal benefits. Patterns of exchange develop to deal with power differences and costs of exercising power. Emotions also factor into social exchange processes. While useful, exchange theory has been criticized for reducing human interaction to purely rational and economic terms.
Business Communication_Parakramesh Jaroli_Pacific University
Business communication is the exchange of information within or between organizations to promote products, services or ideas. It involves the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver through various channels. Effective business communication is essential for sharing information, making decisions, facilitating change and achieving organizational goals.
PPT- OB -Chapter-3 Managing Communication.pptx
This document provides an overview of communication fundamentals and types of communication within organizations. It discusses the importance of communication for coordinating work and maintaining organizational health. Effective communication involves transmitting intended messages from a sender to a receiver through various channels and feedback loops. Barriers like personal factors, physical obstacles, and issues of semantics or symbol interpretation can interfere with successful communication. The document also examines downward, upward, lateral, and electronic forms of internal organizational communication and their respective purposes.
Managing communications by redd f bancien (dr. borge)
Managing communications involves the systematic planning, implementation, monitoring, and revision of communication channels within and between organizations. It includes developing communication strategies, designing internal and external communication directives, and managing information flow, including online communication. Effective communication is important for implementing organizational strategies, managing daily activities through people, and making managers more effective. Two-way communication allows both parties to transmit information and has also been called interpersonal communication. It can result in friction if views differ but also helps understanding. Nonverbal communication, including body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice, can reinforce, contradict, substitute for, complement, or accent verbal messages.
Communication ppt
Effective communication is important for managers to plan, organize, lead and control organizations. Communication helps managers perform their jobs and communicate plans to implement them. It is also important for motivating employees, increasing productivity, and allowing employees to submit work reports and suggestions. There are several types of communication including intrapersonal (within oneself), interpersonal (between two people), intragroup (within a group), and intergroup (between groups). Each type plays an important role in developing effective organizations.
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The document discusses different types of plant layouts:
1. Product oriented layouts arrange machinery along the product flow path to facilitate continuous or repetitive production.
2. Process layouts group similar functions together to handle different processing requirements but require more movement of products between areas.
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Franchising is a contractual relationship between a franchisor and franchisee where the franchisor offers business support to the franchisee in exchange for fees and royalties. The franchisee operates under the franchisor's brand name and system. There are advantages to both parties - franchisors gain faster growth and revenue, while franchisees benefit from an established brand, support system, and proven business model. However, franchising also comes with disadvantages like loss of independence and contractual restrictions for franchisees, and reduced control and support costs for franchisors.
Leadership
The document discusses leadership styles and theories. It begins by describing a story about leaders guiding workers to clear a jungle to build a port. It then discusses different leadership styles like autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and paternalistic. It also summarizes several leadership theories including trait theory, behavioral theories, role theory, the managerial grid model, participative theories, and Likert's leadership styles. The document provides an overview of concepts related to leadership.
Control
Controlling is a management function that involves monitoring performance and taking corrective action to ensure objectives are met. The control process involves establishing objectives and standards, measuring actual performance, comparing results to objectives and standards, and taking necessary action. There are different types of controls including preliminary, concurrent, and postaction controls. Managers also have options of relying on internal self-control by employees or taking direct external action to control behavior. An effective control system focuses on objectives, is forward-looking, prompt, uses critical point control and control by exception, is flexible, objective, economical, and motivating.
Ch 1. demand & supply
1. A firm transforms inputs into outputs and is the primary producing unit in a market economy, while a household is the consuming unit. An entrepreneur organizes and manages a firm, taking risks.
2. The theory of demand and supply can be used to predict prices and quantities in perfectly competitive markets where many buyers and sellers trade identical goods. It assumes firms maximize profits and consumers maximize utility.
3. According to the theory, the quantity demanded decreases when price rises and increases when price falls, while the quantity supplied increases when price rises and decreases when price falls, all other factors unchanged.
Implications of motivation theories
This document summarizes several motivation theories and programs, including:
MBO focuses on setting specific and measurable goals that cascade down the organization. The Job Characteristics Model links job design to motivation through five core dimensions. Recognition programs and employee involvement programs can increase motivation through feedback and participation. Variable pay programs tie pay to performance measures.
Motivation
The document discusses several theories of motivation:
1. Content theories examine what motivates people, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ERG theory, and McClelland's acquired needs theory.
2. Process theories look at how people are motivated and make work-related decisions.
3. Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that different factors cause satisfaction versus dissatisfaction at work. Satisfiers like achievement motivate, while hygiene factors like salary prevent dissatisfaction.
4. McGregor's Theory X and Y describe different views of employee motivation, with Theory Y assuming employees want responsibility and are self-motivated, leading to better performance.
Management thinkers
Peter F. Drucker was a prominent management thinker who made significant contributions including defining the nature and role of management, the manager's job, business objectives and social responsibilities, entrepreneurial functions, management by objectives, organization structure, and decision making. Michael Porter developed theories around five forces analysis, generic competitive strategies, value chain analysis, and competitive advantage. The document discusses two influential management thinkers, Peter Drucker and Michael Porter, and their key contributions to the field of management theory.
Development of Management Thought
The document discusses the development of management thought from classical to modern approaches. It describes:
1) Early management approaches like bureaucracy and scientific management that focused on structure, rules and efficiency.
2) Neo-classical approaches emerged like Hawthorne experiments highlighting the social aspects of work.
3) Later, behavioral science looked at fulfilling human needs through work while systems approach analyzed organizations.
4) The contingency approach advocated situational flexibility over rigid principles given changing environments. The best solution depends on properly analyzing each unique situation.
Growth strategies
Growth strategies aim to increase the size and scale of operations through internal expansion or external diversification. Mergers and acquisitions are common external growth strategies where two companies combine. A merger is a friendly combination where both companies cease to exist, while an acquisition sees one company take over the other. Joint ventures involve forming a new entity together for a specific project while maintaining the parent companies. Strategic alliances focus on sharing resources rather than control, allowing companies to gain expertise and synergies without a full combination. Both mergers and alliances can provide benefits but also risks around integration and conflicting goals.
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Communication
- 2. What is Communication? Latin word “Communis” Common It is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions to create mutual understanding Communication is the giving and receiving of feedback between individuals and/or groups for the purpose of exchanging information.
- 3. Nature of Communication At least 2 people Mutual understanding Continuous process Two-way process Pervasive function
- 5. 5 The Communication Process Model
- 6. Effective feedback is the core component in all communication.
- 7. Effective Feedback will: Reinforce or enhance good performance or behavior Change undesirable performance or behavior Make a tremendous difference in the performance of an individual or team
- 8. Significance Basis of decision making Sound planning Effective Implementation of plans Better controlling Coordination Facilitates change Employee participation Human relations
- 10. Types – Formal Communication
- 12. Formal vs. Informal Communication
- 13. Rumour It is grapevine information communicated without the presence of authentic standards of evidence, is generally incorrect. May arise out of employees anxiety and insecuirity Major outbreak can be dangerous The best approach is to identify and remove its cause rather than try to kill it after it has begun.
- 14. Grapevine
- 16. OrganizationalBarriers StatusBarriers SemanticBarriers Inattention Barrier PerceptualBarriers Information Overload Prematureevaluation Channel Distortions
- 18. Clarity Completeness Brevity – Brief Timeliness Compassion Consistency Feedback Attention Strategic use of grapevine
- 19. ????