The document discusses various topics related to sleep including:
- A study that showed sleep deprivation over 4 days led to a 38% drop in working memory performance.
- Sleep deprivation can hinder wound healing in rats.
- There are different stages of sleep including REM sleep and various non-REM sleep stages.
- Most adults need between 7-9 hours of sleep per night but sleep needs vary by age.
- Sleep deprivation can negatively impact cognitive function, mood, health risks and more.
Today more and more people face sleep deprivation, caused mostly by stress, lots of work and other factors. Here you find more about this subject and few strategies to overcome sleep deprivation.
Gallery Furniture's Jim 'Mattress Mack' McIngvale discusses the importance of sleep, and how a lack of sleep can affect adversely affect our bodies. Browse through the slides for the facts, and what you can do to improve the sleep you get each night.
Sleep is a state of sustained immobility in a characteristic posture, accompanied by reduced responsiveness to external stimuli.
When the subject of sleep is addressed, there are a number of myths which are discussed in this presentation.
Today more and more people face sleep deprivation, caused mostly by stress, lots of work and other factors. Here you find more about this subject and few strategies to overcome sleep deprivation.
Gallery Furniture's Jim 'Mattress Mack' McIngvale discusses the importance of sleep, and how a lack of sleep can affect adversely affect our bodies. Browse through the slides for the facts, and what you can do to improve the sleep you get each night.
Sleep is a state of sustained immobility in a characteristic posture, accompanied by reduced responsiveness to external stimuli.
When the subject of sleep is addressed, there are a number of myths which are discussed in this presentation.
1. Assess client need for sleep/rest and intervene as needed
2. Apply knowledge of client pathophysiology to rest and sleep interventions
3. Schedule client care activities to promote adequate rest
Having a good sleep is what we always want. To be able to relax and forget the hassles that we have experienced after a long day. It is our comfort and sanctuary. Here are facts about sleep and good habits to acquire sound sleep.
2015 keynote presentation at the Oregon Counseling Association Conference by Darryl Inaba, PharmD, CATC-V, CADC-III, author of Uppers, Downers, All-Arounders.
How you feel when you wake up says a lot about the night you had and the day to come. Sleep plays an important role in our physical and mental health. Some of the benefits of sleep revealed by recent researches is mentioned here.
sleep disorders contains dyssomnias ,parasomnias ,and sleep disorder associated with other major medical disorders . Restless leg syndrome and PLM are also covered here. this ppt also shows how to differentiate between sleep terror and night mares . treatment of sleep disorders also included.
1. Assess client need for sleep/rest and intervene as needed
2. Apply knowledge of client pathophysiology to rest and sleep interventions
3. Schedule client care activities to promote adequate rest
Having a good sleep is what we always want. To be able to relax and forget the hassles that we have experienced after a long day. It is our comfort and sanctuary. Here are facts about sleep and good habits to acquire sound sleep.
2015 keynote presentation at the Oregon Counseling Association Conference by Darryl Inaba, PharmD, CATC-V, CADC-III, author of Uppers, Downers, All-Arounders.
How you feel when you wake up says a lot about the night you had and the day to come. Sleep plays an important role in our physical and mental health. Some of the benefits of sleep revealed by recent researches is mentioned here.
sleep disorders contains dyssomnias ,parasomnias ,and sleep disorder associated with other major medical disorders . Restless leg syndrome and PLM are also covered here. this ppt also shows how to differentiate between sleep terror and night mares . treatment of sleep disorders also included.
In this system we will make extensive use of files system in C++.
We will have a login id system initially. In this system we will be having separate functions for
• Getting the information
• Getting customer information who are lodged in
• Allocating a room to the customer
• Checking the availability
• Displaying the features of the rooms.
• Preparing a billing function for the customer according to his room no.
In the software developed separate functions will be there for each of the above points so that there is ample scope for adding more features in the near future.
Download From Here : https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B5y_t4zL91BZaWRkY1VPeElJNVE&usp=sharing
White Paper: Powerful Ways On How To Get Ideal Amount Of Sleep NightlyBedding Stock
Just recently, insufficient sleep has become a major public health issue. Experts have discovered and are still discovering the optimal sleep duration as well as the harmful effects of too little or too much slumber to health. This white paper explores how much sleep people need and some tips on how people can achieve it every night.
The outcome of this course is for the learner to describe the normal stages of sleep, common sleep measurement tools sleep characteristic, common sleep disorders, the changes that affect the quality and quantity of sleep as an individual ages, and methods the healthcare provider can use to assess and assist clients with sleep disorders.
Sleep and rest, BSC NURSING FIRST YEAR NURSING FOUNDATION , UNIT X , MEETING NEEDS OF PATIENT , PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP, SLEEP DISORDERS, FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP, PROMOTING SLEEP AND STAGES OF SLEEP.
Sleep problems are a very real epidemic resulting in catastrophic effects on our bodies and our minds.
According the National Sleep Foundation (2018), one out of every two people will suffer from sleeplessness at some point in their lives.
Approximately 30 to 40 million Americans suffer from insomnia that affects the quality of their sleep and their health.
The ABCs of Your ZZZs - Alison S. Kole, MD, MPH, FCCP, Pulmonologist Kerry K...Summit Health
Learn from our Sleep Disorder Center experts about the basics of good sleep and the physical impact of poor sleep. We will also discuss tips for improving sleep and the treatment options for common sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia, among others.
Introduction
The sleep – wakefulness cycle is genetically determined rather than learned and is established sometime after birth.Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity and [inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscle during REM sleep] reduced interactions with surroundings.
Sleep can be regarded as a physiological reversible reduction of conscious awareness. Nearly one third of human life is spent in sleep. Disorders of sleep can affect activities of daily living (ADL) of an individual.
Definition
It is an easily reversible state of relative unresponsiveness and serenity which occurs more or less regularly and repetitively each day.
The EEG recordings show typical features of sleep which is broadly divided into two broadly different phases:
1. D-sleep (desynchronised or dreaming sleep), also called as REM- sleep (rapid eye movement sleep),active sleep, or paradoxical sleep.
2. S-sleep (synchronised sleep), also called as NREM-sleep (non-REM sleep), quiet sleep, or orthodox sleep. S-sleep or NREM-sleep is further divided into four stages, ranging from stages 1 to 4. As the person falls asleep, the person fifi rst passes through these stages of NREM-sleep.
Stages of sleep
The EEG recording during the waking state shows alpha waves of 8-12 cycles/sec. frequency. The onset of sleep is characterised by a disappearance of the alpha-activity.
Stage 1, NREM-sleep is the first and the ligh test stage of sleep characterised by an absence of alphawaves, and low voltage, predominantly theta activity.
Stage 2, NREM-sleep follows the stage 1 within a few minutes and is characterised by two typical EEG changes:
i. Sleep spindles: Regular spindle shaped waves of 13-15 cycles/sec. frequency, lasting 0.5-2.0
seconds, with a charac teristic waxing and waning amplitude.
ii. K-complexes: High voltage spikes present intermittently.
Stage 3, NREM-sleep shows appearance of high voltage, 75 μV, δ-waves of 0.5-3.0 cycles/sec.
Stage 4, NREM-sleep shows predominant δ-activity in EEG. NREM-sleep is followed by REM-sleep, which is a light phase of sleep. The EEG is characterised by a return of α-waves (α-wave sleep); other changes are similar to stage 1 NREM-sleep. One of the most characteristic features of the REM-sleep is presence of REM or rapid (conjugate) eye move ments. The other features include generalised mus cular atony, penile erection, autonomic hyperactivity (increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure), and movements of small muscle groups, occurring intermittently. Although it is a light stage of sleep, arousal is diffificult. These stages occur regularly throughout the whole duration of sleep. The first REM period occurs typically after 90 minutes of the onset of sleep, although it can start as early as 7 minutes after going off to sleep, e.g. in narcolepsy, in major depression, and after sleep deprivation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
3. Scientists have shown numerous ways in which sleep is related to memory. In a study
conducted by Turner, Drummond, Salamat, and Brown, working memory was shown to
be affected by sleep deprivation. Working memory is important because it keeps
information active for further processing and supports higher-level cognitive
functions such as decision making, reasoning, and episodic memory. The study allowed
18 women and 22 men to sleep only 26 minutes per night over a four-day period.
Subjects were given initial cognitive tests while well-rested, and then were tested
again twice a day during the four days of sleep deprivation. On the final test, the
average working memory span of the sleep-deprived group had dropped by 38% in
comparison to the control group. Wound healing has been shown to be affected by
sleep. A study conducted by Gumustekin et al. In 2004 shows sleep deprivation
hindering the healing of burns on rats. There are many reasons for poor sleep. For
example, excessive exposure to bright light within hours of bedtime or simply resisting
the urge to fall asleep can trigger a "second wind," which then can temporarily make it
difficult to fall asleep afterwards.
Dreaming
Dreaming is the perceived experience of sensory images and sounds during sleep, in a
sequence which the dreamer usually perceives more as an apparent participant than
as an observer.
4. TYPES OF SLEEP
REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
• Rapid eye movement sleep, or
REM sleep, accounts for 20–25%
of total sleep time in most human
adults. The criteria for REM sleep
include rapid eye movements as
well as a rapid low-voltage EEG.
Most memorable dreaming occurs
in this stage. At least in mammals,
a descending muscular atonia is
seen. Such paralysis may be
necessary to protect organisms
from self-damage through
physically acting out scenes from
the often-vivid dreams that occur
during this stage.
NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement)
• Stage N1:- It refers to the transition of
the brain from alpha waves having a
frequency of 8–13 Hz to theta waves having a
frequency of 4–7 Hz.
• Stage N2:- It is characterized by sleep
spindles ranging from 11 to 16 Hz and K-
complexes. This stage occupies 45–55% of
total sleep in adults.
• Stage N3:- It is characterized by the
presence of a minimum of 20% delta
waves ranging from 0.5–2 Hz and having a
peak-to-peak amplitude >75 μV.
7. OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF SLEEP
SLEEP DEBT
Sleep debt is the effect
of not getting enough
rest and sleep; a large
debt causes mental,
emotional and physical
fatigue. Sleep debt
results in diminished
abilities to perform high-level cognitive functions. Neuro-physiological
and functional studies have demonstrated that frontal regions of the
brain are particularly responsive to homeostatic sleep pressure.
EXPERTS SAY THE INDIRECT COSTS OF SLEEP
DISORDERS TOP $100 BILLION A YEAR.
Age And Condition Average Amount Of Sleep
Newborn Upto 18 hours
One year old 14-18 hours
One to three year old 12-15 hours
Three to five year old 11-13 hours
Five to twelve 9-11 hours
Adolescents 9-10 hours
Adults 7-8 hours
8. How To Sleep Well
• Nothing is more frustrating than not being able to sleep. Tossing
and turning. Your mind is racing, going over everything that
happened today. Night noises keep you awake. What can you do?
There are things you can do! Read on and learn some new
tricks to sleep well. These tips are also known as "Sleep Hygiene."
£ Sleep only when sleepy
£ Don't take naps
£ Get up and go to bed the same time every day
£ Refrain from exercise at least 4 hours before bedtime
£ Only use your bed for sleeping
£ Stay away from caffeine, nicotine and alcohol at least 4-6 hours
before bed
£ Have a light snack before bed
£ Take a hot bath 90 minutes before bedtime
9. SLEEP DISORDERS
Almost everyone occasionally suffers from short-term insomnia. This problem can result from stress, jet lag, diet, or
many other factors. Insomnia almost always affects job performance and well-being the next day. About 60 million
Americans a year have insomnia frequently periods of time, which leads to even more serious sleep deficits.
Insomnia tends to increase with age and affects about 40 percent of women and 30 percent of men.
• Transient insomnia lasts for less than a week.
• Acute insomnia is the inability to consistently sleep well for a period of less than a month.
• Chronic insomnia lasts for longer than a month.
• Sleep Apnea
• Sleep apnea is a disorder of interrupted breathing during sleep. It usually occurs in association with fat build-up
or loss of muscle tone with aging. These changes allow the windpipe to collapse during breathing when muscles
relax during sleep.
• Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a familial disorder causing unpleasant crawling, prickling, or tingling sensations in
the legs and feet and an urge to move them for relief, is emerging as one of the most common sleep disorders,
especially among older people.
• Narcolepsy
• Narcolepsy affects an estimated 250,000 Americans. People with narcolepsy have
frequent "sleep attacks" at various times of the day, even if they have had a normal amount
of night-time sleep. These attacks last from several seconds to more than 30 minutes.
Insomnia
Types of insomnia
Sleep Apnea
Restless Legs Syndrome
Narcolepsy
10. SLEEP DEPRIVATION
• Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either acute or
chronic. A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness,
clumsiness and weight loss or weight gain. It adversely affects the brain and cognitive
function. Few studies have compared the effects of acute total sleep deprivation and chronic
partial sleep restriction. Generally, lack of sleep may result in:
• aching muscles
• depression
• headaches
• bloodshot eyes
• increased blood pressure
• increased stress hormone levels
• increased risk of diabetes, fibromyalgia
• irritability
• nystagmus (rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement)
• obesity
• yawning
• confusion, memory lapses or loss
• Lack of sleep ups risk of colon cancer
11.
12. EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN
• Sleep deprivation can adversely affect the brain and cognitive
function. A 2000 study, by the UCSD School of Medicine and the
Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego, used functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor activity in
the brains of sleep-deprived subjects performing simple verbal
learning tasks. The study showed that regions of the brain's prefrontal
cortex displayed more activity in sleepier subjects. Depending on the
task at hand, the brain would sometimes
attempt to compensate for the adverse effects
caused by lack of sleep.
13. EFFECTS ON THE HEALING PROCESS
• A 1999 study found that sleep deprivation
resulted in reduced cortisol secretion the next day,
driven by increased subsequent slow-wave sleep.
Sleep deprivation was found to enhance activity on
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (which
controls reactions to stress and regulates body
functions such as digestion, the immune
system, mood, sex, or energy usage) while
suppressing growth hormones. The results
supported previous studies, which observed
adrenal insufficiency in idiopathic hypersomnia.
14. EFFECTS ON GROWTH
• A study conducted in 2005 showed that a group of
rats which were deprived of REM sleep for five days
had no significant effect on their ability to heal
wounds, compared to a group of rats not deprived of
"dream" sleep. The rats were allowed deep (NREM)
sleep. However, another study conducted by
Gumustekin et al. in 2004 showed sleep deprivation
hindering the healing of burns on rats.
15. ATTENTION AND WORKING MEMORY
• Among the numerous physical consequences of
sleep deprivation, deficits in attention and working
memory are perhaps the most important; such lapses
in mundane routines can lead to unfortunate results,
from forgetting ingredients while cooking to missing a
sentence while taking notes. Working memory is
tested by such methods as choice-reaction time tasks.
16. IS IT A SLEEP DISORDER?
Do you . . .
Often get told by
others that you
look tired?
Feel irritable or sleepy during
the day?
Feel like you
have to take a
nap almost
every day?
Have difficulty
staying awake
when sitting still,
watching
television or
reading?
Have difficulty
concentrating
If you answered “yes” to
any of the previous
questions, you may have a
sleep disorder.
Fall asleep or feel
very tired while
driving?
React
slowly?
17.
18. Myth: The older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need.
Fact: Sleep experts recommend a total sleep time of seven to nine hours of sleep
for the average adult. Sleep patterns change as people age, but the amount of
sleep they generally need does not. Older people may wake more frequently
through the night and may actually get less night time sleep, but their need for
sleep is no less than that of younger adults. Older people tend to sleep more during
the day because they may sleep less during the night.
Myth:-You can "cheat" on the amount of sleep you get.
Fact: Sleep experts say that most adults need between seven and nine hours
of sleep each night for optimum performance, health, and safety.
Myth: - Teens who fall asleep in class have bad habits and/or are
lazy.
Fact: Teens need at least 8.5 – 9.25 hours of sleep each night, compared to an
average of seven to nine hours each night for most adults. The internal biological
clocks of teenagers can keep them awake later in the evening and can interfere
with waking up in the morning.
19. Myth: - Daytime sleepiness always means a person is
not getting enough sleep.
Fact: Excessive daytime sleepiness can occur even after a person
gets enough sleep. Such sleepiness can be a sign of an underlying
medical condition or sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep
apnea. Symptoms should be discussed with a physician.
Myth: - During sleep, your brain rests.
Fact: The body rests during sleep. Despite this fact, the brain
remains active, gets "recharged," and still controls many body
functions including breathing.